Structure and Function of Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme

1997 ◽  
pp. 27-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tocci
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
And Function

Effect of chronic ANG I-converting enzyme inhibition on aging processes. II. Large arteries

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. R124-R135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Michel ◽  
D. Heudes ◽  
O. Michel ◽  
P. Poitevin ◽  
M. Philippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
And Function

The consequences of hypertension and aging on cardiovascular structure and function are reputed to be similar, suggesting that blood pressure plays a role in the aging process. However, the exact relationship between aging, blood pressure, and the arterial structure-function relationship has not been demonstrated. To test the effects of aging, renin-angiotensin system, and pressure on the arterial wall, 20 normotensive male WAG/Rij rats were killed at 6, 12, 24, and 30 mo of age and compared with similar groups treated with an angiotensin (ANG)-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), perindopril. Arterial function was determined by a systemic hemodynamic study and by in situ measurement of carotid compliance. Arterial wall structure was determined by histomorphometric and biochemical methods. Aging did not significantly modify blood pressure, but ACE inhibition decreased blood pressure significantly from 6 to 30 mo. Plasma renin activity decreased with age and increased with ACEI. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor increased with age and was significantly decreased with ACEI. Absolute and relative left ventricular weight increased with age, and ACEI delayed these increases. Arterial wall stiffness increased with age, as shown by a significant decrease in systemic and local arterial compliance and by an increase in aortic characteristic impedance. The increase in carotid wall compliance after poisoning of smooth muscle contractile function (KCN) was greater in young (6- and 12-mo old) than in old (24- and 30-mo old) rats. Chronic ACEI treatment increased basal carotid compliance values slightly and did not change KCN carotid compliance. The aortic and carotid luminal size increased regularly with age. Aging was associated without any change in absolute elastin content. In contrast, collagen content increased with aging. Aging was also associated with an increase in medial thickness. Medial thickening was mainly due to smooth muscle hypertrophy. Aging was associated with intimal proliferation, which became progressively thicker and collagen rich. ACEI treatment did not prevent aortic lumen enlargement but significantly postponed the increase in medial and intimal thickening. Biochemical determinations of the aortic wall components confirmed the morphometric data. In conclusion, the age-dependent large artery enlargement and stiffening were observed both in normotensive rats and in those rats whose blood pressure was lowered by ACEI. This suggests that aging and blood pressure affect arterial wall structure and function by different mechanisms.

Structure and in vitro function of human subcutaneous small arteries in mild heart failure

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. C1298-C1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Stephens ◽  
Mark J. Drinkhill ◽  
Alistair S. Hall ◽  
Stephen G. Ball ◽  
Anthony M. Heagerty
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Mild Heart Failure ◽  
And Function

The structure and function of subcutaneous small arteries from patients with mild heart failure ( n = 27) 6–43 mo after myocardial infarction were compared with vessels from healthy control subjects ( n = 10). Patients were randomized to treatment with placebo or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril starting 3–10 days after myocardial infarction. Dissected arterial vessels were mounted on a wire myograph for measurement of morphology and isometric tension. Morphology was not different in arteries from the three groups. Responses to norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and electrical field stimulation were similar in arteries from placebo-treated patients with mild heart failure and control subjects. Similarly, endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation was normal in arteries from patients with mild heart failure. Ramipril therapy was associated with functional alterations: vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II were significantly enhanced compared with placebo ( P < 0.001). These data suggest that vascular structure and function are not different in vitro in subcutaneous arteries from placebo-treated patients with mild heart failure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy is associated with enhanced vasoconstriction to norepinephrine and angiotensin II, which may reflect upregulation of receptor-mediated events.

Effect of 24-Week Treatment with Telmisartan on Myocardial Structure and Function: Relationship to Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 30A-38A ◽  
Author(s):  
AO Conrady ◽  
IO Kiselev ◽  
NI Usachev ◽  
AN Krutikov ◽  
OI Yakovleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Myocardial Structure ◽  
And Function

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of treatment with the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan for 24 weeks on myocardial structure and function in patients with essential hypertension, and the relationship between this effect and the structural polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. Thirty-five patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) without other associated morbidity were included in an open-label, non-comparative study. The patients were treated with telmisartan 40-80 mg once daily. In the final analysis, there were 29 patients who received the full course of treatment and were evaluated echocardiographically before and after treatment by the same blinded investigator, and myocardial structure and function were analysed. The myocardial mass of the left ventricle was determined in M-mode. Assessment of diastolic function of transmitral blood flow was performed using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. All patients were genotyped for insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene. Telmisartan produced a significant reduction in left ventricular mass index from 140.4 ± 48.6 to 128.7 ± 40.6 g/m2 that was accompanied by an improvement in characteristics of diastolic function. The decrease in LVH was more significant in the ID genotype group than in the II and DD groups. Thus, prolonged treatment with telmisartan is accompanied by an improvement in myocardial structure, expressed as a reduction in left ventricular mass and function that is more marked in patients with ID genotype of the ACE gene.

scholarly journals Diabetic Nephropathy Induced by IncreasedAceGene Dosage Is Associated with High Renal Levels of Angiotensin (1–7) and Bradykinin

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Bertoncello ◽  
Roseli Peres Moreira ◽  
Danielle Yuri Arita ◽  
Danielle S. Aragão ◽  
Ingrid Kazue Mizuno Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
And Function

Population studies have shown an association between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (ACEin humans,Acein mice). The aim was to evaluate the modulation ofAcecopies number and diabetes mellitus (DM) on renal RAS and correlate it with indicators of kidney function. Increased number of copies of theAcegene, associated with DM, induces renal dysfunction. The susceptibility to the development of DN in 3 copies of animals is associated with an imbalance in activity of RAS enzymes leading to increased synthesis of Ang II and Ang-(1–7). Increased concentration of renal Ang-(1–7) appears to potentiate the deleterious effects triggered by Ang II on kidney structure and function. Results also show increased bradykinin concentration in 3 copies diabetic group. Taken together, results indicate that the deleterious effects described in 3 copies diabetic group are, at least in part, due to a combination of factors not usually described in the literature. Thus, the data presented here show up innovative and contribute to understanding the complex mechanisms involved in the development of DN, in order to optimize the treatment of patients with this complication.

Effect of chronic ANG I-converting enzyme inhibition on aging processes. I. Kidney structure and function

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. R1038-R1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Heudes ◽  
O. Michel ◽  
J. Chevalier ◽  
E. Scalbert ◽  
E. Ezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Kidney Structure ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
And Function

The effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) on the age-related changes in the kidney structure and function was investigated in rodents. Normotensive male Wistar (WAG)/Rij rats were treated with perindopril from the age of 6 mo to the day of killing at 12, 24, or 30 mo. Mean blood pressure, constant from 6 to 30 mo, was reduced by 19 mmHg in treated animals. With age, the major functional modifications were a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and in renal blood flow, a rise in intrarenal vascular resistance (IVR), a reduced tubular reabsorption of salts, and a progressive increase in proteinuria. ACEI significantly reduced IVR and proteinuria. From a structural point of view, the glomeruli showed 1) an increase in size, 2) a decrease in capillary surface, 3) a diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, 4) an expansion of the mesangial matrix, and 5) an accumulation of albumin droplets in podocytes inducing 6) a dispersed focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis which, at 30 mo, affected < 2% of glomeruli. Of these six age-related structural changes, ACEI delayed the appearance of the three latter changes.

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