The impact of semantic transparency of morphologically complex words on picture naming

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Dohmes ◽  
Pienie Zwitserlood ◽  
Jens Bölte
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Anglicization of Cuban Spanish: Lexico-Semantic Variations and Patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
José Antonio Sánchez Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Semantic Variation ◽  
Cuban Spanish ◽  
The Impact

The impact of English on Cuban Spanish has represented the embodiment of a profound process of acculturation on the island. This empirical study is intended to examine the anglicization of Cuban Spanish by determining anglicizing patterns or strategies in the phonological, morphological, lexical and semantic levels. Thus, the article demonstrates the variability of word-building mechanisms and semantic transparency dia-synchronically. The normative and descriptive analysis is also accompanied by brief contrastive commentaries on divergent and common aspects between Cuban Spanish and European Spanish, illustrated with examples extracted from prior corpora and dictionary revision. The research has shed more light on the universality of certain morpho-phonological patterns in Spanish, as well as the correlation between pragmatic or extralinguistic aspects with lexico-semantic variation, revealing significant changes in sociolects and attitudes. 

Morphological Units: A Theoretical and Psycholinguistic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominiek Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Relational Information ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Communicative Efficiency ◽  
Complex Words

Speakers can transfer meanings to each other because they represent them in a perceptible form. Phonology and syntactic structure are two levels of linguistic form. Morphemes are situated in-between them. Like phonemes they have a phonological component, and like syntactic structures they carry relational information. A distinction can be made between inflectional and lexical morphology. Both are devices in the service of communicative efficiency, by highlighting grammatical and semantic relations, respectively. Morphological structure has also been studied in psycholinguistics, especially by researchers who are interested in the process of visual word recognition. They found that a word is recognized more easily when it belongs to a large morphological family, which suggests that the mental lexicon is structured along morphological lines. The semantic transparency of a word’s morphological structure plays an important role. Several findings also suggest that morphology plays an important role at a pre-lexical processing level as well. It seems that morphologically complex words are subjected to a process of blind morphological decomposition before lexical access is attempted.

Semantic transparency affects morphological priming . . . eventually

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1112-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Heyer ◽  
Dana Kornishova
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Morphological Priming ◽  
Complex Words

Semantic transparency has been in the focus of psycholinguistic research for decades, with the controversy about the time course of the application of morpho-semantic information during the processing of morphologically complex words not yet resolved. This study reports two masked priming studies with English - ness and Russian - ost’ nominalisations, investigating how semantic transparency modulates native speakers’ morphological priming effects at short and long stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In both languages, we found increased morphological priming for nominalisations at the transparent end of the scale (e.g. paleness – pale) in comparison to items at the opaque end of the scale (e.g. business – busy) but only at longer prime durations. The present findings are in line with models that posit an initial phase of morpho-orthographic (semantically blind) decomposition.

The Impact of Primary Progressive Aphasia on Picture Naming and General Language Ability

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-199
Author(s):  
Eleni Peristeri ◽  
Lambros Messinis ◽  
Mary H. Kosmidis ◽  
Grigorios Nasios ◽  
Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
The Impact

Impact of Navigated Task-specific fMRI on Direct Cortical Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (06) ◽  
pp. 555-564
Author(s):  
Joao Leote ◽  
Ricardo Loução ◽  
Catarina Viegas ◽  
Martin Lauterbach ◽  
António Perez-Hick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Cortical Stimulation ◽  
Awake Craniotomy ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Direct Cortical Stimulation ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Verb Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decision Tasks

Abstract Background and Study Aims Cortical mapping (CM) with direct cortical stimulation (DCS) in awake craniotomy is used to preserve cognitive functions such as language. Nevertheless, patient collaboration during this procedure is influenced by previous neurological symptoms and growing discomfort with DCS duration. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of navigated task-specific functional magnetic resonance imaging (nfMRI) on the practical aspects of DCS. Material and Methods We recruited glioma patients scheduled for awake craniotomy for prior fMRI-based CM, acquired during motor and language tasks (i.e., verb generation, semantic and syntactic decision tasks). Language data was combined to generate a probabilistic map indicating brain regions activated with more than one paradigm. Presurgical neurophysiological language tests (i.e., verb generation, picture naming, and semantic tasks) were also performed. We considered for subsequent study only the patients with a minimum rate of correct responses of 50% in all tests. These patients were then randomized to perform intraoperative language CM either using the multimodal approach (mCM), using nfMRI and DCS combined, or electrical CM (eCM), with DCS alone. DCS was done while the patient performed picture naming and nonverbal semantic decision tasks. Methodological features such as DCS duration, number of stimuli, total delivered stimulus duration per task, and frequency of seizures were analyzed and compared between groups. The correspondence between positive responses obtained with DCS and nfMRI was also evaluated. Results Twenty-one surgeries were included, thirteen of which using mCM (i.e., test group). Patients with lower presurgical neuropsychological performance (correct response rate between 50 and 80% in language tests) showed a decreased DCS duration in comparison with the control group. None of the compared methodological features showed differences between groups. Correspondence between DCS and nfMRI was 100/84% in the identification of the precentral gyrus for motor function/opercular frontal inferior gyrus for language function, respectively. Conclusion Navigated fMRI data did not influence DCS in practice. Presurgical language disturbances limited the applicability of DCS mapping in awake surgery.

scholarly journals Neural representation of words within phrases: Temporal evolution of color-adjectives and object-nouns during simple composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Honari-Jahromi ◽  
Brea Chouinard ◽  
Esti Blanco-Elorrieta ◽  
Liina Pylkkänen ◽  
Alona Fyshe
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crack Open ◽  
Speech Planning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACTIn language, stored representations of lexical items combine into an infinitude of complex expressions. While the neuroscience of composition has begun to mature, we do not yet understand how the stored representations evolve and morph during composition. New decoding techniques allow us to crack open this very hard question: we can train a model to recognize a representation in one context or time-point and assess its accuracy in another. We combined the decoding approach with magnetoencephalography recorded during a picture naming task to investigate the temporal evolution of noun and adjective representations during speech planning. We tracked word representations as they combined into simple two-word phrases, using single words and two-word lists as non-combinatory controls. We found that nouns were generally more decodable than adjectives, suggesting that noun representations were stronger and/or more consistent across trials than those of adjectives. When training and testing across contexts and times, the representations of isolated nouns were recoverable when those nouns were embedded in phrases, but not so if they were embedded in lists. Adjective representations did not show a similar consistency across isolated and phrasal contexts. Noun representations in phrases also sustained over time in a way that was not observed for any other pairing of word class and context. These findings offer a new window into the temporal evolution and context sensitivity of word representations during composition, revealing a clear asymmetry between adjectives and nouns. The impact of phrasal contexts on the decodability of nouns may be due to the nouns’ status as head of phrase—an intriguing hypothesis for future research.

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