Effectiveness and costs of interventions to lower systolic blood pressure and cholesterol: a global and regional analysis on reduction of cardiovascular-disease risk

The Lancet ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 361 (9359) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher JL Murray ◽  
Jeremy A Lauer ◽  
Raymond CW Hutubessy ◽  
Louis Niessen ◽  
Niels Tomijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure

scholarly journals Left Ventricular Mass Index Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Middle-Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Razavi, ◽  
Camilo Fernandez ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Tanika N. Kelly ◽  
Marie Krousel-Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Lv Remodeling

Background: Elevated cardiovascular disease risk factor burden is a recognized contributor to poorer cognitive function; however, the physiological mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. We sought to assess the potential mediation effect of left ventricular (LV) remodeling on the association between lifetime systolic blood pressure and cognitive function in a community-based cohort of middle-aged adults. Methods: Nine hundred sixty participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study (59.2% women, 33.8% black, aged 48.4±5.1 years) received 2-dimensional echocardiography to quantify relative wall thickness, LV mass, and diastolic and systolic LV function; and a standardized neurocognitive battery to assess memory, executive functioning, and language processing. Multivariable linear regression assessed the association of cardiac structure and function with a global composite cognitive function score, adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Mediation analysis assessed the effect of LV mass index on the association between lifetime systolic blood pressure burden and cognitive function. Results: There were 233 (24.3%) and 136 (14.2%) individuals with concentric LV remodeling and concentric LV hypertrophy, respectively. Each g/m 2.7 increment in LV mass index was associated with a 0.03 standardized unit decrement in global cognitive function ( P =0.03). Individuals with concentric LV remodeling and isolated diastolic dysfunction had the poorest cognitive function, and a greater ratio between early mitral inflow velocity and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e’) was associated with poorer cognitive function, even after adjustment for LV mass index (B=−0.12; P =0.03). A total of 18.8% of the association between lifetime systolic blood pressure burden and midlife cognitive function was accounted for by LV mass index. Conclusions: Cardiac remodeling partially mediates the association between lifespan systolic blood pressure burden and adult cognition in individuals without dementia or clinical cardiovascular disease. Slowing or reversing the progression of cardiac remodeling in middle-age may be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Effect of change in systolic blood pressure between clinic visits on estimated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqin Ye ◽  
Y. Claire Wang ◽  
Daichi Shimbo ◽  
Jonathan D. Newman ◽  
Emily B. Levitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Clinic Visits

scholarly journals The Association of Body Composition Parameters and Simultaneously Measured Inter-Arm Systolic Blood Pressure Differences

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Serkan Yüksel ◽  
Metin Çoksevim ◽  
Murat Meriç ◽  
Mahmut Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 2

Background and Objectives: An inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBPD) is defined as a blood pressure (BP) disparity of ≥10 mmHg between arms. IASBPDs are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Similarly, visceral fat accumulation (VFA) is clinically important because it is associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk. Accordingly, this study compared the body composition parameters of IASBPD individuals with individuals who did not express an IASBPD. Materials and Methods: The analysis included 104 patients. The blood pressures of all participants were measured simultaneously in both arms using automated oscillometric devices. Then patients were divided into two groups according to their IASBPD status: Group 1 (IASBPD- (<10 mmHg)); Group 2 (IASPPD+ (≥10 mmHg)). Body composition parameters were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: In 42 (40%) patients, the simultaneously measured IASBPD was equal to or higher than 10 mmHg. The right brachial SBP was higher in 63% of patients. There were no differences between the groups in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. Regarding the two groups’ body composition parameter differences, VFA was significantly higher in group 2 (p = 0.014). Conclusions: The IASBPD is known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Although the body mass indexes (BMIs) of the two groups were similar, VFA levels in those with a greater than 10 mmHg IASBPD were found to be significantly higher. This finding may explain the increased cardiovascular risk in this group.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD AND NEIGHBOURHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG URBAN SOUTH AFRICAN ADOLESCENTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA L. GRIFFITHS ◽  
ZOË A. SHEPPARD ◽  
WILLIAM JOHNSON ◽  
NOËL CAMERON ◽  
JOHN M. PETTIFOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
South African ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

SummaryFactors resulting in high risk for cardiovascular disease have been well studied in high income countries, but have been less well researched in low/middle income countries. This is despite robust theoretical evidence of environmental transitions in such countries which could result in biological adaptations that lead to increased hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk. Data from the South African Birth to Twenty cohort, Bone Health sub-sample (n=358, 47% female), were used to model associations between household socioeconomic status (SES) in infancy, household/neighbourhood SES at age 16 years, and systolic blood pressure (multivariate linear regression) and risk for systolic pre-hypertension (binary logistic regression). Bivariate analyses revealed household/neighbourhood SES measures that were significantly associated with increased systolic blood pressure. These significant associations included improved household sanitation in infancy/16 years, caregiver owning the house in infancy and being in a higher tertile (higher SES) of indices measuring school problems/environment or neighbourhood services/problems/crime at 16 years of age. Multivariate analyses adjusted for sex, maternal age, birth weight, parity, smoking, term birth, height/body mass index at 16 years. In adjusted analyses, only one SES variable remained significant for females: those in the middle tertile of the crime prevention index had higher systolic blood pressure (β=3.52, SE=1.61) compared with the highest tertile (i.e. those with the highest crime prevention). In adjusted analyses, no SES variables were significantly associated with the systolic blood pressure of boys, or with the risk of systolic pre-hypertension in either sex. The lack of association between SES and systolic blood pressure/systolic pre-hypertension at age 16 years is consistent with other studies showing an equalization of adolescent health inequalities. Further testing of the association between SES and systolic blood pressure would be recommended in adulthood to see whether the lack of association persists.

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