Changing trends in the prevalence of common mental disorders in Taiwan: a 20-year repeated cross-sectional survey

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and common mental disorders. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the urban population, 14 years and older, in Campinas (Brazil) (n = 515) was conducted using a multipurpose instrument that included the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to assess common mental disorders in the previous 3 months. Weighted prevalence of common mental disorders was calculated for each independent variable. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was 17% (95% CI 12.8-22.3), 8.9% in males and 24.4% in females. An inverse association was found between common mental disorders and the socioeconomic characteristics (schooling and employment) even after controlling for all the other variables. Higher common mental disorders prevalence was observed in those with less than 5 years of schooling (PR = 5.5) and unemployed or underemployed (PR = 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: As in other studies, common mental disorders were unevenly distributed; it was significantly more frequent in socially disadvantaged individuals. Specific actions to reduce inequalities in the general and mental health system should be studied.

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Common mental disorders in Santiago, Chile

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.178.3.228 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 178 (3) ◽

pp. 228-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Ricardo Araya ◽

Graciela Rojas ◽

Rosemarie Fritsch ◽

Julia Acuña ◽

Glyn Lewis

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Probabilistic Sampling ◽

Private Households ◽

Icd 10

BackgroundThere have been relatively few surveys in Latin America that have attempted to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in private households.AimsTo determine the prevalence of common mental disorders and socio-demographic correlates among adults from Santiago, Chile.MethodCross-sectional survey of private households with a probabilistic sampling design was used. Common mental disorders were measured using the Clinical Interview Schedule–Revised (CIS–R).ResultsThree thousand eight hundred and seventy adults were interviewed. Twenty-five per cent were CIS–R cases and 13% met criteria for an ICD–10 diagnosis. Low education, female gender, unemployment, separation, low social status and lone parenthood were associated with a higher prevalence.ConclusionsPrevalence rates were higher than those found in urban areas of Great Britain, both for ICD–10 diagnoses and ‘non-specific neurotic disorders’. Similar socio-demographic factors were associated with an increased prevalence of common mental disorders in Chile as in the UK. There is a need to unify methodologies to be able to compare results internationally.

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Common mental disorders and the built environment in Santiago, Chile

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024596 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 190 (5) ◽

pp. 394-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ricardo Araya ◽

Alan Montgomery ◽

Graciela Rojas ◽

Rosemarie Fritsch ◽

Jaime Solis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Built Environment ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Multilevel Modelling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Cross Sectional

BackgroundThere is growing research interest in the influence of the built environment on mental disorders.AimsTo estimate the variation in the prevalence of common mental disorders attributable to individuals and the built environment of geographical sectors where they live.MethodA sample of 3870 adults (response rate 90%) clustered in 248 geographical sectors participated in a household cross-sectional survey in Santiago, Chile. Independently rated contextual measures of the built environment were obtained. The Clinical Interview Schedule was used to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders.ResultsThere was a significant association between the quality of the built environment of small geographical sectors and the presence of common mental disorders among its residents. The better the quality of the built environment, the lower the scores for psychiatric symptoms; however, only a small proportion of the variation in common mental disorder existed at sector level, after adjusting for individual factors.ConclusionsFindings from our study, using a contextual assessment of the quality of the built environment and multilevel modelling in the analysis, suggest these associations may be more marked in non-Western settings with more homogeneous geographical sectors.

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The prevalence of common mental disorders and its relationship with mental toughness in professional South African rugby players

South African Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1177/00812463211009422 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 008124632110094

Author(s):

Herman Grobler ◽

Kobus du Plooy ◽

Pieter Kruger ◽

Suria Ellis

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

South African ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Survey Design ◽

Mental Toughness ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

Rugby Players

This study explores the relationship between common mental disorders and mental toughness in professional South African rugby players. A cross-sectional survey design was used by administering a questionnaire and preliminary and bivariate analyses were conducted. The inclusion criteria were professional rugby players who are able to communicate in English. The results indicated that, in general, these players (N = 215) portray significant mental toughness ( M = 5.69) on a 7-point scale. Anxiety/depression and distress measured the lowest ( M = 1.65) of all the common mental disorders measured in this study. Furthermore, the results indicated a positive relationship between mental toughness and sound sleep ( r = .262). Negative relationships were found between mental toughness and all other common mental disorders with the highest relationship being with anxiety/depression positive2 ( r = –.423). Other significant relationships were found with anxiety/depression ( r = –.401), distress ( r = –.259), and common mental disorders problems in general ( r = –.220). The results indicated that the management of teams and clinicians need to look at specific aspects, such as alcohol consumption among players, the implications of alcohol use on performance, but also mental wellbeing in general.

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The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and its associated factors in general health care in Taiwan

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291701005074 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 629-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

S. I. LIU ◽

M. PRINCE ◽

B. BLIZARD ◽

A. MANN

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

General Health ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Second Phase ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Health Problem

Background. This paper reports the prevalence, disability, sociodemographic and clinical association of psychiatric morbidity among attenders in general health care in Taiwan where, as in the rest of non-Western countries, few studies have been carried out.Methods. A cross-sectional survey with a two-phase design was carried out at out-patient clinics of three health stations and a general hospital.Results. A total of 990 patients completed the brief screen in the first phase, 486 of whom completed the independent assessment in the second phase. The proportion of screening positives was 46·0% and the weighted prevalence of definite psychiatric disorder was 38·2%. Common mental disorders were associated with female gender and unemployment. Housewives, students and patients with higher educational attainment were at lower risk of having alcohol use disorders. Patients with common mental disorders were more likely to present with psychological complaints, to attribute their illness to psychosocial causes and to perceive their mental and physical health as poor. Psychiatric morbidity was associated with excess life events. Common mental disorders, particularly depressive disorders, were significantly associated with self-reported disability.Conclusions. Psychiatric morbidity is a major health problem in general health care in Taiwan. Physicians should be aware of these health problems.

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The epidemiology of chronic fatigue, physical illness, and symptoms of common mental disorders: A cross-sectional survey from the second British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity

Journal of Psychosomatic Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.12.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Norio Watanabe ◽

Robert Stewart ◽

Rachel Jenkins ◽

Dinesh K. Bhugra ◽

Toshi A. Furukawa

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

National Survey ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

Physical Illness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

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Common mental disorders and ethnicity in England: the EMPIRIC Study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704002715 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1543-1551 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

SCOTT WEICH ◽

JAMES NAZROO ◽

KERRY SPROSTON ◽

SALLY McMANUS ◽

MARTIN BLANCHARD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

White Women ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Economic Status ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Clinical Interview ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black Caribbean ◽

Pakistani Women

Background. There is little population-based evidence on ethnic variation in the most common mental disorders (CMD), anxiety and depression. We compared the prevalence of CMD among representative samples of White, Irish, Black Caribbean, Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani individuals living in England using a standardized clinical interview.Method. Cross-sectional survey of 4281 adults aged 16–74 years living in private households in England. CMD were assessed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R), a standardized clinical interview.Results. Ethnic differences in the prevalence of CMD were modest, and some variation with age and sex was noted. Compared to White counterparts, the prevalence of CMD was higher to a statistically significant degree among Irish [adjusted rate ratios (RR) 2·09, 95% CI 1·16–2·95, p=0·02] and Pakistani (adjusted RR 2·38, 95% CI 1·25–3·53, p=0·02) men aged 35–54 years, even after adjusting for differences in socio-economic status. Higher rates of CMD were also observed among Indian and Pakistani women aged 55–74 years, compared to White women of similar age. The prevalence of CMD among Bangladeshi women was lower than among White women, although this was restricted to those not interviewed in English. There were no differences in rates between Black Caribbean and White samples.Conclusions. Middle-aged Irish and Pakistani men, and older Indian and Pakistani women, had significantly higher rates of CMD than their White counterparts. The very low prevalence of CMD among Bangladeshi women contrasted with high levels of socio-economic deprivation among this group. Further study is needed to explore reasons for this variation.

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Income inequality and the prevalence of common mental disorders in Britain

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.178.3.222 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 178 (3) ◽

pp. 222-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Scott Weich ◽

Glyn Lewis ◽

Stephen P. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Psychosocial Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Income ◽

Private Households ◽

The Common

BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that the association between greater income inequality and increased mortality is mediated by poor psychosocial health.AimsTo test the hypothesis that individuals in regions of Britain with the highest income inequality have a higher prevalence of the common mental disorders, after adjusting for individual income.MethodCross-sectional survey of 8191 adults aged 16–75 in private households in England, Wales and Scotland. The prevalence of common mental disorders was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire.ResultsThe association between income inequality and prevalence of the common mental disorders varied with individual income level. Among persons with the highest incomes, common mental disorders were more frequent in regions with greater income inequality (as indicated by high Gini coefficient) (adjusted OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.65; P=0.02). The opposite was true for those with the lowest incomes.ConclusionsIncome inequality was associated with worse mental health among the most affluent individuals.

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