scholarly journals Income inequality and the prevalence of common mental disorders in Britain

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Weich ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Stephen P. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Private Households ◽  
The Common

BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that the association between greater income inequality and increased mortality is mediated by poor psychosocial health.AimsTo test the hypothesis that individuals in regions of Britain with the highest income inequality have a higher prevalence of the common mental disorders, after adjusting for individual income.MethodCross-sectional survey of 8191 adults aged 16–75 in private households in England, Wales and Scotland. The prevalence of common mental disorders was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire.ResultsThe association between income inequality and prevalence of the common mental disorders varied with individual income level. Among persons with the highest incomes, common mental disorders were more frequent in regions with greater income inequality (as indicated by high Gini coefficient) (adjusted OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.65; P=0.02). The opposite was true for those with the lowest incomes.ConclusionsIncome inequality was associated with worse mental health among the most affluent individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and gender differences in psychiatric disorders and DSM-IV mental disorders: a population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1975-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Veisani ◽  
Ali Delpisheh ◽  
Fathola Mohamadian
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Common

Background: The early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders is critical as it improves the chance of recovery for patients. The aim of this study was to determine gender disparities in psychiatric and mental disorders in adult persons and to examine the validity of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28; Persian version) in the diagnosis of patients with suspected psychiatric disorders, along with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster random sampling method in three steps. Subjects were screened by GHQ-28 and then evaluated by Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) for diagnosis/classification of mental disorders. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. The ROC curve was used to assess cut-off points. Results: Of the 763 participants (aged 15 and above), 25.8% of responders demonstrated characteristics of psychological distress; the prevalence in males and females were 20.9% and 29.8%, respectively. The common mental disorders in males were anxiety disorder (18.2%), followed by any major depressive disorder (MDD) (17.4. %), and compulsive disorder (10.0%). In females, the common mental disorders were anxiety disorder (23.6%), followed by any MDD (22.7%), compulsive disorder (13.9%), phobia disorder (10.4%) and psychotic disorder (6.1%). ROC analysis showed that 91.7% of suspected persons had a mental disorder as assessed by DSM-IV-TR.  

scholarly journals Common mental disorders in Santiago, Chile

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Araya ◽  
Graciela Rojas ◽  
Rosemarie Fritsch ◽  
Julia Acuña ◽  
Glyn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundThere have been relatively few surveys in Latin America that have attempted to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in private households.AimsTo determine the prevalence of common mental disorders and socio-demographic correlates among adults from Santiago, Chile.MethodCross-sectional survey of private households with a probabilistic sampling design was used. Common mental disorders were measured using the Clinical Interview Schedule–Revised (CIS–R).ResultsThree thousand eight hundred and seventy adults were interviewed. Twenty-five per cent were CIS–R cases and 13% met criteria for an ICD–10 diagnosis. Low education, female gender, unemployment, separation, low social status and lone parenthood were associated with a higher prevalence.ConclusionsPrevalence rates were higher than those found in urban areas of Great Britain, both for ICD–10 diagnoses and ‘non-specific neurotic disorders’. Similar socio-demographic factors were associated with an increased prevalence of common mental disorders in Chile as in the UK. There is a need to unify methodologies to be able to compare results internationally.

scholarly journals Interaction between demand-control and social support in the occurrence of common mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amália Ivine Santana Mattos ◽  
Tânia Maria de Araújo ◽  
Maura Maria Guimarães de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Social Support ◽  
The Common ◽  
Demand Control

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the interaction between the psychosocial aspects of work and the occurrence of common mental disorders among health workers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of workers of the primary health care of five municipalities of the State of Bahia, Brazil, in 2012. The variable of outcome were the common mental disorders evaluated by the SRQ-20, and the variables of exposure were high demand (high psychological demand and low control over the work) and low social support in the workplace. Interaction was checked by the deviation of the additivity of the effects for the factors studied from the calculation of excess risk from interaction, proportion of cases attributed to interaction, and the synergy index. RESULTS The global prevalence of common mental disorders was 21%. The group of combined exposure has shown higher magnitude (high demand and low social support), reaching 28% when compared to the 17% in the situation of no exposure (low demand and high social support). CONCLUSIONS The results strengthen the hypothesis of interaction between the factors investigated, directing to the synergy of the effects.

scholarly journals 1269Mental health among farmers and non-farmers at sugar cane industry: occupational health study in Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Bazalar-Palacios ◽  
Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez ◽  
Elaine Flores
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors

Abstract Background We compare the prevalence rates of common mental disorders symptoms between farmers and non-farmers workers of the sugarcane industry and explore the role of relevant occupational factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with an occupational health & safety focus, describing the demographic and work characteristics of farmers and non-farmer of the sugar cane industry in San Jacinto, Peru. We identified mental disorders symptoms using a local validated version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We explored the association between symptoms of mental disorders, work conditions and known occupational risk factors. We explored the proposed association using negative binomial regression models to estimate Ratio of means (RM) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results We assessed 281 workers; 106 (37.7%) of respondents identified themselves as farm workers. The mean GHQ-12 score for farmers and non-farmers was 3.1 and 1.3 respectively. In the adjusted multivariate models mental disorders symptom counts among farmers was more than twice higher than those of non-farmers (RM: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.48-3.01). Also, having a low monthly salary (RM: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00-1.92), and additional working hours per week (RM: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03) were associated with higher counts of mental disorders symptoms. Conclusions Our Findings highlight the importance of including mental health within occupational programs and early interventions tailored to this target group. Key messages Occupational hazard; Mental disorders; Sugarcane work, Farmers.

Do Patients Volunteer Their Life Weariness and Suicidal Ideations? A Sri Lankan Study

Crisis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athula Sumathipala ◽  
Sisira Siribaddana ◽  
Sudath D. Samaraweera
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Index Group

Summary: Objectives: Sri Lanka has a high suicide rate. The importance of suicidal ideations and their relationship to the common mental disorders (CMD) have not been adequately explored. This study examined whether patients harboring suicidal thoughts or life weariness would volunteer them. It also examined the relationship between life weariness, suicidal ideations, and the probability of underlying CMD. Method: A case control study was nested within a cross-sectional survey of attendees to the outpatients department in a general hospital. The index group consisted of patients presenting with multiple complaints and repeated visits, the control group was 100 patients randomly selected from a total of 5,767 between 16 and 65 years of age, not fulfilling criteria for the index group. Presence of underlying CMD was assessed by the General Health Questionnaire 30 (GHQ-30). The two groups were compared for symptoms volunteered, response to questions from GHQ-30 on suicidal ideations, and hopelessness. Results: Somatic symptoms were the most common in both groups. Eighty-one patients (81%) in the index group and 34 patients (34%) in the control group had probable CMD. No patient in either group volunteered suicidal ideation as a symptom. However, 59% of index patients and 26% of controls admitted life weariness, and 51/59 index patients and 15/26 controls who had life weariness also had underlying CMD as defined by GHQ scores. Conclusion: Patients who have suicidal thoughts do not volunteer them unless directly asked. There is a strong relationship between suicidal ideation and the probability of underlying CMD.

scholarly journals Changing trends in the prevalence of common mental disorders in Taiwan: a 20-year repeated cross-sectional survey

The Lancet ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 381 (9862) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Szu-Ting Fu ◽  
Chau-Shoun Lee ◽  
David Gunnell ◽  
Wen-Chung Lee ◽  
Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Changing Trends

scholarly journals Social inequality and common mental disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Marín-León ◽  
Helenice Bosco de Oliveira ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Paulo Dalgalarrondo ◽  
Neury José Botega
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and common mental disorders. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the urban population, 14 years and older, in Campinas (Brazil) (n = 515) was conducted using a multipurpose instrument that included the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to assess common mental disorders in the previous 3 months. Weighted prevalence of common mental disorders was calculated for each independent variable. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was 17% (95% CI 12.8-22.3), 8.9% in males and 24.4% in females. An inverse association was found between common mental disorders and the socioeconomic characteristics (schooling and employment) even after controlling for all the other variables. Higher common mental disorders prevalence was observed in those with less than 5 years of schooling (PR = 5.5) and unemployed or underemployed (PR = 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: As in other studies, common mental disorders were unevenly distributed; it was significantly more frequent in socially disadvantaged individuals. Specific actions to reduce inequalities in the general and mental health system should be studied.

scholarly journals Rural/non-rural differences in rates of common mental disorders in Britain

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Weich ◽  
Liz Twigg ◽  
Glyn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents

BackgroundSome UK studies have reported an urban excess in the prevalence of the most common mental disorders of anxiety and depression.AimsTo investigate rural/non-rural differences in the onset and maintenance of episodes of common mental disorders, after adjusting for the characteristics of respondents and their households.MethodA 12-month cohort study of 7659 adults aged 16–74 years living in 4338 private households, nested within 626 electoral wards in England, Wales and Scotland. Common mental disorders were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Electoral wards were characterised by Office for National Statistics classification and by population density. Data were analysed using multilevel statistical modelling.ResultsRural residents had slightly better mental health than non-rural counterparts. The effects of geographical location on the mental health of participants were neither significantly confounded nor modified by socioeconomic status, employment status or household income.ConclusionsThere are small but statistically significant differences in rates of common mental disorders between urban and rural residents. Quantifying between-place differences using population density alone risks missing important contextual effects on mental health.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic, religious, spiritual and health factors associated with symptoms of common mental disorders: a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness Study, 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyambo Sithey ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Li Ming Wen ◽  
Patrick J Kelly ◽  
Kelly Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross National Happiness ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
National Happiness

ObjectiveCommon mental disorders (CMDs) are a major cause of the global burden of disease. Bhutan was the first country in the world to focus on happiness as a state policy; however, little is known about the prevalence and risk factors of CMDs in this setting. We aim to identify socioeconomic, religious, spiritual and health factors associated with symptoms of CMDs.Design and settingWe used data from Bhutan’s 2015 Gross National Happiness (GNH) Survey, a multistage, cross-sectional nationwide household survey. Data were analysed using a hierarchical analytical framework and generalised estimating equations.ParticipantsThe GNH Survey included 7041 male and female respondents aged 15 years and above.MeasuresThe 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to measure symptoms of CMDs. We estimated the prevalence of CMDs using a threshold score of ≥12.ResultsThe prevalence of CMDs was 29.3% (95% CI 26.8% to 31.8%). Factors associated with symptoms of CMDs were: older age (65+) (β=1.29, 95% CI 0.57 to 2.00), being female (β=0.70, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.95), being divorced or widowed (β=1.55, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.02), illiteracy (β=0.48, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.74), low income (β=0.37, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.59), being moderately spiritual (β=0.61, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.88) or somewhat or not spiritual (β=0.76, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.23), occasionally considering karma in daily life (β=0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.77) or never considering karma (β=0.80, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.34), having poor self-reported health (β=2.59, 95% CI 2.13 to 3.06) and having a disability (β=1.01, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.40).ConclusionsCMDs affect a substantial proportion of the Bhutanese population. Our findings confirm the importance of established socioeconomic risk factors for CMDs, and suggest a potential link between spiritualism and mental health in this setting.

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