scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 testing, infections, and hospital admissions with COVID-19 in children and young people in Scotland: a birth cohort study

The Lancet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. S45
Author(s):  
Graziella Favarato ◽  
Linda Wijlaars ◽  
Tom Clemens ◽  
Steve Cunningham ◽  
Bianca De Stavola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Children And Young People

scholarly journals Risk of SARS-CoV-2 testing, PCR-confirmed infections and COVID-19-related hospital admissions in children and young people: birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Hardelid ◽  
Graziella Favarato ◽  
Linda Wijlaars ◽  
Lynda Fenton ◽  
Jim McMenamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Children And Young People

Background There have been no population-based studies of SARS-CoV-2 testing, PCR-confirmed infections and COVID-19-related hospital admissions across the full paediatric age range. We examine the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in children and young people (CYP) aged <23 years. Methods We used a birth cohort of all children born in Scotland since 1997, constructed via linkage between vital statistics, hospital records and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data. We calculated risks of tests and PCR-confirmed infections per 1000 CYP-years between August and December 2020, and COVID-19-related hospital admissions per 100,000 CYP-years between February and December 2020. We used Poisson and Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine risk factors. Results Among the 1226855 CYP in the cohort, there were 378402 tests, 19005 PCR confirmed infections and 346 admissions, corresponding to rates of 770.8/1000 (95% confidence interval 768.4-773.3), 179.4 (176.9-182.0) and 29.4/100,000 (26.3-32.8) CYP-years respectively. Infants had the highest COVID-19-related admission rates. Chronic conditions, particularly multiple types of conditions, was strongly associated with COVID-19-related admissions across all ages. The hazard ratio for >1 chronic condition type was 12.2 (7.9-18.82) compared to children with no chronic conditions. 89% of admitted children had no chronic conditions recorded. Conclusions Infants, and CYP with chronic conditions are at highest risk of admission with COVID-19, however the majority of admitted CYP have no chronic conditions. These results provide evidence to support risk/benefit analyses for paediatric COVID-19 vaccination programmes. Studies examining whether maternal vaccine during pregnancy prevents COVID-19 admissions in infants are urgently needed. Funding UK Research and Innovation-Medical Research Council

Preschool respiratory hospital admissions following infant bronchiolitis: a birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Skirrow ◽  
Thomas Wincott ◽  
Elizabeth Cecil ◽  
Alex Bottle ◽  
Ceire Costelloe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Children Under 5

BackgroundBronchiolitis causes significant infant morbidity worldwide from hospital admissions. However, studies quantifying the subsequent respiratory burden in children under 5 years are lacking.ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of subsequent respiratory hospital admissions in children under 5 years in England following bronchiolitis admission in infancy.DesignRetrospective population-based birth cohort study.SettingPublic hospitals in England.PatientsWe constructed a birth cohort of 613 377 infants born between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2008, followed up until aged 5 years by linking Hospital Episode Statistics admissions data.MethodsWe compared the risk of respiratory hospital admission due to asthma, wheezing and lower and upper respiratory tract infections (LRTI and URTI) in infants who had been admitted for bronchiolitis with those who had not, using Cox proportional hazard regression. We adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for known respiratory illness risk factors including living in deprived households, being born preterm or with a comorbid condition.ResultsWe identified 16 288/613 377 infants (2.7%) with at least one admission for bronchiolitis. Of these, 21.7% had a further respiratory hospital admission by age 5 years compared with 8% without a previous bronchiolitis admission (HR (adjusted) 2.82, 95% CI 2.72 to 2.92). The association was greatest for asthma (HR (adjusted) 4.35, 95% CI 4.00 to 4.73) and wheezing admissions (HR (adjusted) 5.02, 95% CI 4.64 to 5.44), but were also significant for URTI and LRTI admissions.ConclusionsHospital admission for bronchiolitis in infancy is associated with a threefold to fivefold risk of subsequent respiratory hospital admissions from asthma, wheezing and respiratory infections. One in five infants with bronchiolitis hospital admissions will have a subsequent respiratory hospital admission by age 5 years.

Cognitive and educational outcomes of maltreated and non-maltreated youth: A birth cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Mills ◽  
Steve Kisely ◽  
Rosa Alati ◽  
Lane Strathearn ◽  
Jake M Najman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Objectives: Previous research suggests that child maltreatment is associated with adverse outcomes, but the potential impact on cognitive and educational outcomes into adulthood has rarely been studied using a birth cohort design. The aim of this study is to investigate whether child maltreatment is associated with adverse outcomes in cognitive function, high school completion and employment by the age of 21. Methods: Longitudinal birth cohort study commencing in the prenatal period, with mothers and infants followed up to age 21. Of the original birth cohort of 7223, 3778 (52.3%) young people participated at age 21. Child maltreatment was identified by linkage with prospectively collected data from the relevant government agency. Associations between child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) and the outcomes were adjusted for relevant sociodemographic and perinatal variables. Results: After full adjustment, young people who had been notified as cases of child maltreatment had reduced performance on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test by over a quarter of a standard deviation (coefficient = −2.85, p = 0.004). Maltreated young people also had three times the odds of failing to complete high school (odds ratio = 3.12, p < 0.001) and more than twice the odds of not being engaged in either study or employment at age 21 (odds ratio = 2.38, p < 0.001). Both abuse and neglect were similarly associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusion: Child maltreatment, including both abuse and neglect, is associated with adverse cognitive, educational and employment outcomes in young adulthood. This adds further impetus to efforts to prevent child maltreatment and assist young people who have experienced it.

scholarly journals Burden of recurrent emergency hospital admissions in children and young people in England: a cohort study

The Lancet ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 384 ◽  
pp. S87
Author(s):  
Linda Wijlaars ◽  
Pia Hardelid ◽  
Jenny Woodman ◽  
Janice Allister ◽  
Ruth Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Emergency Hospital Admissions

scholarly journals Mild-to-moderate renal pelvis dilatation identified during pregnancy and hospital admissions in childhood: An electronic birth cohort study in Wales, UK

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e1002859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Hurt ◽  
Melissa Wright ◽  
Joanne Demmler ◽  
Judith VanDerVoort ◽  
Susan Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Renal Pelvis Dilatation

scholarly journals The contribution of child, family and health service factors to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospital admissions in the first 3 years of life: birth cohort study in Scotland, 2009 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Hardelid ◽  
Maximiliane Verfuerden ◽  
Jim McMenamin ◽  
Rosalind L Smyth ◽  
Ruth Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Older Siblings

Introduction Several vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are under development. Designing an effective vaccination programme for RSV requires information about the relative contribution of risk factors for severe RSV symptoms. Aim To inform preventive strategies in Europe by quantifying the contribution of key child, family and health service risk factors to the burden of RSV hospital admissions in young children. Methods We constructed a birth cohort study of all singleton children born in Scotland between October 2009 and September 2012 using linkage between birth registration, maternity, vaccination and hospital admission records, with follow-up until the age of 3 years. RSV-confirmed hospital admissions were defined using linkage to national laboratory surveillance data. We estimated hospital admission rates per 1,000 child years and length of stay according to each risk factor. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios. Results There were 5,185 RSV admissions among the 169,726 children in the cohort: 48.6% of admissions occurred before the age of 6 months, and 29.6% after the age of 1 year. Children born prematurely, small for gestational age, between July and December, with chronic conditions, older siblings, mothers < 30 years old or delayed infant vaccination had a significantly increased risk of admission. Minimising the risk posed by older siblings could reduce RSV admissions by up to 34%. Conclusion Future RSV vaccination programmes must protect children throughout early childhood. Vaccination and/or interventions to reduce transmission by older siblings could substantially reduce RSV hospital admissions.

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