EFFECT OF LONG-TERM PSYCHOSOCIAL STIMULATION ON MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF SEVERELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN

The Lancet ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 316 (8198) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Grantham-Mcgregor ◽  
MarieE. Stewart ◽  
WilliamN. Schofield
PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Grantham-McGregor ◽  
William Schofield ◽  
Christine Powell

The development of 16 children who were hospitalized for severe malnutrition and participated in a home-visiting program of psychosocial stimulation was compared with that of two other groups who were also hospitalized but received standard medical care only: severely malnourished group (n = 18) and an adequately nourished one (n = 20). All groups were assessed regularly on the Griffiths Mental Development Scales and the Stanford-Binet test. Both groups of malnourished children were markedly behind the adequately nourished group on admission to the hospital and the group that received no intervention showed little sign of catching up. The intervention group caught up to the adequately nourished group in 2 years. This report covers the third year of home-visiting and the 3 years following its cessation. The intervention group showed a decline in three of the five Griffiths subscales. However, they retained a marked advantage over the nonintervention group of malnourished children on the Stanford-Binet test until the end of follow-up, showing no further decline in the last year. For height, both malnourished groups failed to catch up to the adequately nourished group. It was concluded that a relatively simple intervention can benefit the development of severely malnourished children.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi Imai ◽  
Shigeo Kure ◽  
Chieko Nara ◽  
Naoyuki Takagi ◽  
Masahiro Tachi

Pai syndrome is a rare congenital disorder, and there are few reports about the long-term prognosis of mental development and surgical results. Here, we report a patient with Pai syndrome who was followed up from birth up to the age of 8 years. Additionally, we review 32 articles and discuss the long-term prognosis of Pai syndrome. In our case, an intracranial lipoma grew a little, but neither epilepsy nor intellectual disabilities occurred. However, she showed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, her nasal airway was gradually obstructed by a residual intranasal polyp.


1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
L B. Sardharwalla ◽  
J. E. Wraith

This paper reviews galactosaemia and describes the experience of the Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit in the management of classical galactosaemia. Galactokinase and UDPgalactose-4-epimerase deficiency are dealt with briefly. The former disorder is readily treated with a galactose free diet and if this is started early in life, the only complication, cataracts, is avoided. Epimerase deficiency is a relatively ‘new’ disorder and little is known about the eventual outcome of affected patients. Early observations suggest that the prognosis is likely to be poor even in those patients diagnosed and treated soon after birth. Classical galactosaemia leads to a number of long term complications. The prognosis for normal mental development in affected patients is poor. Unfortunately this does not appear to be reversible by early diagnosis and treatment and whilst every effort should be made to establish an early diagnosis our experience suggests that there is no difference in the ultimate mental development between those who are detected within the first two weeks of life and those before the age of six weeks. In addition female homozygotes are at a very high risk of developing ovarian failure at an early age.


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Pandey ◽  
Sneha Jain ◽  
Arushi Sharma

Nutritional rehabilitation centres (NRCs) have been established to ensure the nutritional recovery of severely malnourished children. The long-term nutritional outcomes in children discharged from NRCs have not been described. In this retrospective cohort study, the nutritional status of 514 children was assessed one year after discharge. Household and maternal data, as well as data regarding variables related to the children’s stay at the NRC, were collected. A total of 33.4% had moderate malnutrition and 11.7% had severe malnutrition. The mean weight for height Z-score at admission, discharge and one year after discharge were −3.61, −1.90 and −2.34, respectively. Thus, long-term monitoring and follow-up of children discharged from NRCs till they achieve normal nutritional status is mandatory.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Grantham-McGregor ◽  
William Schofield ◽  
Linda Harris

The effect of adding psychosocial stimulation to the treatment of severely malnourished children was studied. The study period covered children from the time they left the hospital to 24 months later. The children's developmental levels (DQs) were compared with those of two other groups who were in the hospital—an adequately nourished group with diseases other than malnutrition, and a severely malnourished group who received standard hospital care only. The children receiving intervention had structured play sessions in the hospital and were visited weekly for 2 years after returning home. During the visits paraprofessionals showed mothers how to continue structured play with their children. The malnourished children who did not receive intervention showed a marked deficit in developmental level compared with that of control children throughout the study. The control children showed a decline in developmental level with age, which is characteristic of disadvantaged children. The children receiving intervention showed marked improvements and by 24 months were ahead of the children who did not receive intervention in every subscale and were ahead of the adequately nourished children in two subscales. Both groups of malnourished children remained behind the control children in nutritional status and locomotor development.


2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Kip R. Krumwiede ◽  
Gyung H. (Daniel) Paik ◽  
W. Darrell Walden

ABSTRACT Based on an actual situation, this case explores the use of management accounting analysis in a difficult make-or-buy decision in the real world of humanitarian aid. An aid organization produces a specially designed, highly nutritious peanut butter medicine to save the lives of Haiti's malnourished children. The challenge is deciding whether to source the peanuts from Haitian farmers and pay more or from foreign suppliers and pay less. Students perform both quantitative and qualitative cost-benefit, break-even, operating leverage, and product costing analysis. Performance measurement, incentive issues, short-term versus long-term thinking, micro- and macroeconomics, and ethical issues are also considered. The case is best suited for cost accounting and managerial (particularly M.B.A. managerial) accounting courses.


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