Thermal oxidation of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene rubber II. Oxidation depth profiles studied by imaging chemiluminescence

AbstractRecently many groups have started studies of formation of zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) in transparent insulators, such as silica glass, sapphire, etc, using ion implantation techniques. In the early half of this article, we shortly review recent activities of ZnO NP formation using ion implantation combined with thermal oxidation. Some groups succeeded but the others did not. Even if they succeeded in the formation of ZnO nanostructures, one reported that they were in the shape of thin film and another reported the NP form. Based on our recent experimental results, we point out the importance of the oxidation temperature and the peculiar shapes and depth profiles of ZnO formed.

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Enhanced Annealing of MeV Ion Implantation Damage in N-Type 4H Silicon Carbide by Thermal Oxidation

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.233 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 679-680 ◽

pp. 233-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lars S. Løvlie ◽

Bengt Gunnar Svensson

Keyword(s):

Silicon Carbide ◽

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Ion Implantation ◽

Thermal Oxidation ◽

Dose Range ◽

Measured Concentration ◽

Depth Profiles ◽

Implantation Damage ◽

Annealing Rate ◽

Defect Species

Annealing of the Z1/2 and EH6/7 has been studied by DLTS after ion implantation of MeV Si ions and subsequent annealing in either N2 or O2 at 1150 °C, in the dose range 1 - 4 × 108 Si / cm2. It is found that the annealing rate of these prominent defects is greatly enhanced after thermal oxidation, and in particular close to the surface area, due to injection of a defect species which annihilates with both Z1/2 and EH6/7. The migration part of the diffusion coefficient of the injected defect is established to be in the range 1 – 2 × 10-8 cm2/s, and the measured concentration versus depth profiles of both Z1/2 and EH6/7 are accurately simulated by a simple model.

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Preparation of Backthinned Ceramic Specimens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117881 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 182-183

Author(s):

A. T. Fisher ◽

P. Angelini

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Vacuum System ◽

Back Surface ◽

Surface Microstructure ◽

Ion Milling ◽

Near Surface ◽

Depth Profiles ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Ion Implanted

Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) of the near surface microstructure of ion implanted ceramics can provide much information about these materials. Backthinning of specimens results in relatively large thin areas for analysis of precipitates, voids, dislocations, depth profiles of implanted species and other features. One of the most critical stages in the backthinning process is the ion milling procedure. Material sputtered during ion milling can redeposit on the back surface thereby contaminating the specimen with impurities such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Si, etc. These impurities may originate from the specimen, specimen platform and clamping plates, vacuum system, and other components. The contamination may take the form of discrete particles or continuous films [Fig. 1] and compromises many of the compositional and microstructural analyses. A method is being developed to protect the implanted surface by coating it with NaCl prior to backthinning. Impurities which deposit on the continuous NaCl film during ion milling are removed by immersing the specimen in water and floating the contaminants from the specimen as the salt dissolves.

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Determination of Combined and Second Order Factor Effects for Simultaneous Optimization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of NR/BR Blend System

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/tire.14.420404 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 290-304

Author(s):

Rajarajan Aiyengar ◽

Jyoti Divecha

Keyword(s):

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Second Order ◽

Simultaneous Optimization ◽

Order Effects ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Five Factors ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Polybutadiene Rubber ◽

Contour Plots

ABSTRACT The blends of natural rubber (NR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and other forms of rubbers are widely used for enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of rubber compounds. Lots of work has been done in conditioning and mixing of NR/BR blends to improve the properties of its rubber compounds and end products such as tire tread. This article employs response surface methodology designed experiments in five factors; high abrasion furnace carbon black (N 330), aromatic oil, NR/BR ratio, sulfur, and N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide for determination of combined and second order effects of the significant factors leading to simultaneous optimization of the NR/BR blend system. One of the overall optimum of eight properties existed at carbon 44 phr, oil 6.1 phr, NR/BR 78/22 phr with the following values of properties: tensile strength (22 MPa), elongation at break (528%), tear resistance (30 kg/mm), rebound resilience (67%), moderate hardness (68 International rubber hardness degrees) with low heat buildup (17 °C), permanent set (12%), and abrasion loss (57 mm3). More optimum combinations can easily be determined from the NR/BR blend system models contour plots.

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