Moderate-Intensity Exercise Reduces the Incidence of Colds Among Postmenopausal Women

The lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), compared with those using HRT, may reduce submaximal blood flow during exercise and result in an oxygen delivery limitation constraining oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics. The adaptation of pulmonary VO2 (VO2p) during the transition to exercise in older women was examined in this study. Thirty-one healthy postmenopausal women (mean age, 61 ± 6 years), 15 not using HRT and 16 using HRT, performed repeated exercise transitions (6 min) on a cycle, to work rates corresponding to 80% of estimated ventilatory threshold (moderate-intensity exercise) and to Δ50 (heavy-intensity exercise). There was no difference in moderate-intensity τVO2p between non-HRT (40 ± 9 s) and HRT (41 ± 9 s) women. Similarly, there was no difference in heavy-intensity τVO2p between non-HRT (44 ± 8 s) and HRT (45 ± 8 s) women. Thus, HRT did not affect the slowing of VO2 kinetics of older women.

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Acute Impact of Moderate-Intensity and Vigorous-Intensity Exercise Bouts on Daily Physical Activity Energy Expenditure in Postmenopausal Women

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2011/342431 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xuewen Wang ◽

Barbara J. Nicklas

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Daily Physical Activity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

Activity Energy

This study determined whether performing a single moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise bout impacts daily physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE, by accelerometer). Overweight/obese postmenopausal women underwent a 5-month caloric restriction and moderate- (n=18) or vigorous-intensity (n=18) center-based aerobic exercise intervention. During the last month of intervention, in women performing moderate-intensity exercise, PAEE on days with exercise (577.7±219.7kcal⋅d−1) was higher (P=.011) than on days without exercise (450.7±140.5kcal⋅d−1); however, the difference (127.0±188.1kcal⋅d−1) was much lower than the energy expended during exercise. In women performing vigorous-intensity exercise, PAEE on days with exercise (450.6±153.6kcal⋅d−1) was lower (P=.047) than on days without exercise (519.2±127.4kcal⋅d−1). Thus, women expended more energy on physical activities outside of prescribed exercise on days they did NOT perform center-based exercise, especially if the prescribed exercise was of a higher intensity.

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30 Minutes of Acute Moderate-Intensity Exercise Prior to a High Fat Meal Does not Attenuate Postprandial Triglycerides in Postmenopausal Women

International Journal of Physical Education Fitness and Sports ◽

10.26524/ijpefs1919 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

Nathaniel Glen Bodell ◽

Trevor Gillum

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Post Feeding ◽

Postprandial Triglycerides ◽

Fat Meal

There is an increased instance of circulating triglycerides among older adults which could lead to atherosclerosis; therefore, we sought to determine if 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, prior to a high fat meal, attenuates postprandial triglycerides (PPT) in postmenopausal women. Five postmenopausal women (59.8 years), participated in an exercise trial consisting of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise 60% heart rate reserve (HRR), heart rate, blood pressure, and blood lipids collected. Following exercise participants ingested a high-fat meal (62 grams CHO, and 57 grams fat) and rested for four hours. Lipid levels were collected at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours post-feeding. The control trial did not exercise and were given the high fat meal followed by rest. A randomized cross-over design was utilized, in which all subjects participated in the control and exercise trial. There was no difference in PPT between the control and exercise trials. PPT increased from pre-exercise in both trials (p<0.05) (pre-feeding 88.4±26.7 con. 93.6±36.8 ex., 1hr 141±51.7 con. 139±65.4 ex., 2hrs 195±32.7 con. 166±82.4 ex., 3hrs 203±52.2 con. 185±78.1 ex., 4hrs 179±22.4 con. 193±50.5 ex). Glucose values were similar between trials; peaking post-feeding followed by a gradual return to baseline in both trials (p<0.05) (prefeeding 86±5.5 con. 84.6±5.8 ex., 1hr 117±11.3 con. 125±23.5 ex., 2hrs 104±4.1 con., 113±16.7 ex., 3hrs 97.4±6.3 con., 88.6±11.6 ex., 4hrs 87.6±6.7 con., 81.2±9 ex). 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise does not attenuate PPT in postmenopausal women.

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Timing of Meals and Exercise Affects Hormonal Control of Glucoregulation, Insulin Resistance, Substrate Metabolism, and Gastrointestinal Hormones, but Has Little Effect on Appetite in Postmenopausal Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4342

Author(s):

Katarina T. Borer ◽

Po-Ju Lin ◽

Elizabeth Wuorinen

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Time Course ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Hormonal Control ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Concentration Changes

The current prevalence of obesity in the US is strongly associated with excessive food intake and insufficient physical activity. This study examined whether changing the timing of exercise before or after two daily meals could alter human appetite for food. Fifty-four healthy postmenopausal women were matched by body weight and assigned to two groups: (1) two bouts of 2-h moderate-intensity exercise ending one hour before each weight-maintenance meal (XM, n = 23), (2) two-hour moderate-intensity exercise starting 1 h after each weight-maintenance meal (MX, n = 23), and one sedentary control (SED) arm (n = 8). Measurements included appetite ratings, circulating glucose, free fatty acids (FFAs), a ketone body D-ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucoregulatory hormones insulin and glucagon, and gastrointestinal hormones associated with food digestion and absorption and implicated in appetite sensations. XM group increased concentrations of FFAs and BHB during exercise and increased insulin and homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) during postprandial periods. MX group reduced postprandial insulin and HOMA-IR by about 50% without a major change in plasma glucose. There was brief suppression of hunger and an increase in satiation in both exercise groups near the end of the first postprandial period. The time course of hunger was unrelated to the perturbations in fuel metabolism, depletion of liver glycogen, and not correlated with concentration changes in hunger-stimulating hormone ghrelin during XM exercise before meals. Similarly, there was no correlation between the time course of fullness during exercise after meals with the postprandial secretion of gastrointestinal hormones including cholecystokinin (CCK) that has been linked to satiation. Hunger and satiation appear to depend on oral intake and gastrointestinal processing of nutrients and are not affected by metabolic and hormonal consequences of the timing of exercise with respect to meals. Moderate-intensity exercise performed shortly after meals induces a rapid and highly effective lowering of insulin resistance.

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