Effect of moderate-intensity exercise on oxidative stress indices in metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese phenotypes in postmenopausal women

Introduction. Obesity is one of the most important public health problems in the world. Among obese people, there are those who, apart from excessive body weight, do not exhibit other metabolic dysfunctions, have a lower risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and show lower mortality. According to the theory, they are referred as metabolically healthy obese (MHO), in contrast to metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Metabolic disturbances occurring with obesity have been well established to be associated with oxidative stress. Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyse the association between selected anthropometric and biochemical parameters with oxidative stress in MHO, MUO, and normal weight young adults. Material and Methods. Individuals with age between 18 and 36 years with no history of chronic diseases and use of medicaments, with or without obesity, participated in the study. Complete blood counts, biochemical measurements, and parameters of oxidative stress such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), ceruloplasmin, thiol groups and lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), concentration of lipofuscin (LPS) in erythrocytes, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Results. 422 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Among the study participants, 208 people (49.29%) were offspring of patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease. Among the participants, 16 patients have been included in the group of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) people and 61 patients in the group of metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) people and 345 patients had normal body weight. Significant differences between metabolically unhealthy obese and normal weight patients, as well as between women and men, have been found. Conclusions. We showed significant differences in the selected parameters of oxidative stress between metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) individuals and young volunteers with normal body weight as well as without significant medical history.

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Fatty liver disease determines the progression of coronary artery calcification in a metabolically healthy obese state

10.26226/morressier.59d51842d462b80296ca3676 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kang Yu Mi

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Healthy Obese ◽

Metabolically Healthy

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Characterization of Differentially Expressed Circulating miRNAs in Metabolically Healthy versus Unhealthy Obesity

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9030321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 321

Author(s):

Susana Rovira-Llopis ◽

Rubén Díaz-Rúa ◽

Carmen Grau-del Valle ◽

Francesca Iannantuoni ◽

Zaida Abad-Jimenez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Insulin Signalling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Obese individuals without metabolic comorbidities are categorized as metabolically healthy obese (MHO). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be implicated in MHO. This cross-sectional study explores the link between circulating miRNAs and the main components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the context of obesity. We also examine oxidative stress biomarkers in MHO vs. metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). We analysed 3536 serum miRNAs in 20 middle-aged obese individuals: 10 MHO and 10 MUO. A total of 159 miRNAs were differentially expressed, of which, 72 miRNAs (45.2%) were higher and 87 miRNAs (54.7%) were lower in the MUO group. In addition, miRNAs related to insulin signalling and lipid metabolism pathways were upregulated in the MUO group. Among these miRNAs, hsa-miR-6796-5p and hsa-miR-4697-3p, which regulate oxidative stress, showed significant correlations with glucose, triglycerides, HbA1c and HDLc. Our results provide evidence of a pattern of differentially expressed miRNAs in obesity according to MetS, and identify those related to insulin resistance and lipid metabolism pathways.

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Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults

JAMA Internal Medicine ◽

10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.0936 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 177 (7) ◽

pp. 930 ◽

Cited By ~ 146

Author(s):

John F. Trepanowski ◽

Cynthia M. Kroeger ◽

Adrienne Barnosky ◽

Monica C. Klempel ◽

Surabhi Bhutani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Alternate Day Fasting ◽

Healthy Obese ◽

Metabolically Healthy

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Abstract 17843: Visceral Adipose Tissue Secretion of Adiponectin Decreases with Increased Body Mass Index

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.17843 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Lenore R Rengel ◽

Brittaney Obi ◽

Jon Gould ◽

Matthew Goldblatt ◽

Andrew Kastenmeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Healthy Obese ◽

Metabolically Healthy ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: Peripheral adiposity is associated with better metabolic health and higher plasma adiponectin (ADPN) levels. Since ADPN is secreted mainly by adipose tissue (AT), it is intriguing that higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with lower ADPN levels and poor metabolic health. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that various AT depots differ in their ability to secrete ADPN. Methods: Paired AT samples (VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)) were collected from 19 subjects (10 women, 15 obese) undergoing elective abdominal surgery. The samples were cultured and the supernatant was collected after 24 hours. ADPN levels released into the supernatant from VAT and SAT were measured using multiplex methods. Subjects were defined as obese or non-obese (NO) based on BMI > or ≤ 30kg/m2 respectively. Obese subjects were further classified as metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) or metabolically healthy obese (MHO) based on presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease at the time of surgery. Results: Mean ADPN secretion levels from SAT and VAT were similar in NO subjects (17.3 ± 3.4 vs. 9.8 ± 13.0 ng/mL/mg, p=0.5) whereas the mean ADPN secretion was lower from VAT among obese subjects (15.9 ± 0.8 vs. 4.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL/mg, p=0.0002). ADPN secretion decreased from VAT (r=-0.16) and increased from SAT (r=0.33) with increased BMI (Fig.1). When MHO and MUO were compared, ADPN secretion from VAT in MHO was reduced only slightly (16.1 ± 8.2 vs. 4.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL/mg, p=0.07) whereas ADPN secretion was significantly reduced in MUO (15.9 ± 5.3 vs. 4.7 ± 4.6 ng/mL/mg, p=0.003). Conclusions: Reduced ADPN secretion from VAT in subjects with increasing BMI may explain lower circulating ADPN levels in obese individuals. Higher ADPN production from SAT and the relatively preserved secretion of ADPN from VAT may explain metabolic health in some obese individuals. Futures studies will help identify factors that control ADPN secretion from AT.

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Do metabolically healthy obese individuals have the same mortality and morbidity risks as normal-weight metabolically healthy individuals?

Evidence-Based Practice ◽

10.1097/01.ebp.0000541945.10872.e1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. E7-E9

Author(s):

Christine Jacobs ◽

Sheran Fernando

Keyword(s):

Normal Weight ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Healthy Obese ◽

Metabolically Healthy ◽

Morbidity Risks

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Abstract 13508: Obesity Phenotype and the Risk of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes: Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Matter?

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.13508 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Sae Young Jae ◽

Mercedes Carnethon ◽

Won Hah Park ◽

Bo Fernhall

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Incident Hypertension ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Healthy Obese ◽

Metabolically Healthy

There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) with incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The role of cardiorespiratory fitness on these associations has not been fully explored. We tested the hypothesis that obesity phenotypes predict incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes, but cardiorespiratory fitness modifies these associations in a prospective study of apparently healthy men. 3800 men (mean age 48±6 yrs, range 20-76 yrs) participated in two health examinations during 1998-2009. All subjects were free of hypertension and type 2 diabetes at baseline examination. MHO was defined as obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) with no more than one metabolic abnormality, and MUNW was defined as body mass index < 23 kg/m2) with two or more abnormalities. Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during a treadmill test. Incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes were defined as blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg and as ≥6.5% of HbA1c or ≥126mg/dl of fasting glucose at second examination, respectively. During an average follow-up of 5 years (1-12 yrs), there were 371 (9.8%) men incident hypertension and 170 (4.5%) men incident type 2 diabetes. MHO and MUNW were present in 844 (22%) and 249 (6.6%) men. Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight men, MHO and MUNW men were at increased risk for hypertension (relative risk (RR) =1.82, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.29-2.56 and 1.75, 1.11-2.74) and type 2 diabetes (RR=3.68, 1.92-7.07 and 5.35, 2.61-10.94), respectively. These risks in MHO and MUNW men were still persisted with adjustment for confounder variables and cardiorespiratory fitness (hypertension=1.57, 1.05-2.34 and 1.59, 1.01-2.51; type 2 diabetes=3.35, 1.63-6.89 and 4.76, 2.32-9.77). Metabolically healthy obese or metabolically unhealthy normal weight men were at increased risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes compared with metabolically healthy normal weight men. However, these associations were not attenuated by cardiorespiratory fitness or other confounder factors.

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