Disinfection potential of electrolyzed solutions containing sodium chloride at low concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuko Morita ◽  
Kouichi Sano ◽  
Shinichi Morimatsu ◽  
Hiromasa Kiura ◽  
Toshiyuki Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Low Concentrations

THE EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM, AND IRON ON THE GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF RED HALOPHILIG BACTERIA

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Brown ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Low Concentrations

Maximum growth of the red halophilic bacteria occurs in the presence of 3.0 to 5.0 M sodium chloride, 0.1 to 0.5 M magnesium ion, 50 to 100 p.p.m. (1.3 to 2.5 × 10−3 M) potassium ion, and 0.5 to 1.0 p.p.m. (1 to 2 × 10−5 M) ferrous ion. In magnesium deficient media the rod forms become coccoid. Some strains can be adapted to grow in low concentrations of magnesium (0.01 M) and these adapted strains retain a coccoid form even when transferred to higher concentrations of magnesium. Growth does not occur when potassium is removed from the medium. The potassium requirement may be satisfied by rubidium but not by cesium, lithium, or ammonium ions. Potassium partially replaces the sodium chloride requirement of the red halophiles.

scholarly journals Ultracentrifuge studies of histone fractions from calf thymus deoxyribonucleoprotein

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Edwards ◽  
K V Shooter
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Calf Thymus

Molecular weights and sedimentation coefficients of four major fractions of calf thymus histones were measured. The minimum molecular weights were determined in concentrated solutions of guanidine hydrochloride. The results indicate that, with the possible exception of fraction F3, the fractions are heterogeneous. Comparisons in 0·1m-sodium chloride suggest that fraction F1 does not aggregate and show that fractions F2(a) and F3 aggregate to form larger complexes than does fraction F2(b). The degree of aggregation of each fraction is independent of pH in the range pH1–7. Detailed studies with fraction F2(b) have confirmed that the change in sedimentation coefficient observed as the sodium chloride concentration of the solution is increased results from increases in the apparent molecular weight of the sedimenting units. It has been found that the molecules of fraction F2(b) are present as single molecules only in sodium chloride solutions of 33mm or less. At these low concentrations the effects of charge greatly increase the concentration dependence of the sedimentation rate; the results can, however, be interpreted by using the theory developed by Alexandrowicz & Daniel (1963) and Daniel & Alexandrowicz (1963).

scholarly journals Structure and properties of rat thymus deoxyribonucleoprotein. Solubility properties and effects of precipitation

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth F. Itzhaki
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Electrical And Optical Properties ◽  
Electric Birefringence ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Added Salt

1. Deoxyribonucleoprotein was prepared from rat thymus and was studied chiefly by the method of electric birefringence. The birefringence depends on the electrical and optical properties of the molecules and on their volume; the decay time of birefringence (after the removal of the electric field) depends on molecular length. 2. A comparison was made of the properties of deoxyribonucleoprotein redissolved after precipitation in 0·15m-sodium chloride with those of the original material, the main object being to find if structural changes have occurred in the former. As a preliminary, the dependence of the solubility of the deoxyribonucleoprotein on the concentration of added salt was investigated, and the birefringence properties were also studied after the addition of sodium chloride at low concentrations, after the alteration of pH and after dialysis. 3. It was found that precipitation of deoxyribonucleoprotein occurs in two fractions, beginning at about 0·4mm-sodium chloride. The solubility is minimal at about 0·15m-sodium chloride. 4. The electric birefringence and decay time of the deoxyribonucleoprotein decrease with increasing concentration of added sodium chloride, and the birefringence also decreases after dialysis. Prolonged dialysis leads to precipitation. 5. The properties of deoxyribonucleoprotein redissolved after precipitation with 0·15m-sodium chloride differ considerably from those of the original deoxyribonucleoprotein. This is attributed to some type of disorganization process occurring during precipitation. It is concluded that the organization of the original structure is very specific.

Interaction of an Amphiphilic Drug and Sodium Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate at Low Concentrations in the Absence and Presence of Sodium Chloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1937-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Khan ◽  
Malik Abdul Rub ◽  
Naved Azum ◽  
Dileep Kumar ◽  
Abdullah M. Asiri
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Amphiphilic Drug ◽  
Low Concentrations

OSMOTIC PRESSURE, MOLECULAR WEIGHT, AND VISCOSITY OF SODIUM ALGINATE

1950 ◽  
Vol 28b (3) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Donnan ◽  
R. C. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Low Concentrations

This work shows how the molecular weight of sodium alginate can be determined by measuring the values of the osmotic pressure, P, in the presence of low concentrations of sodium chloride, and extrapolation of P/C to C = 0, where C is the concentration of sodium alginate. For different samples of sodium alginate the slope of the curve P/C against C was independent of the molecular weight. Molecular weight values from 48,000 to 186,000 were obtained. The intrinsic viscosity of the different samples were linearly related to the degree of polymerization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document