Changes in Sensory Motor Behavior in Aging

Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Taylor E. Branyan ◽  
Amutha Selvamani ◽  
Min Jung Park ◽  
Kriti E. Korula ◽  
Kelby F. Kosel ◽  
...  

AbstractMicroRNAs have gained popularity as a potential treatment for many diseases, including stroke. This study identifies and characterizes a specific member of the miR-17–92 cluster, miR-20a-3p, as a possible stroke therapeutic. A comprehensive microRNA screening showed that miR-20a-3p was significantly upregulated in astrocytes of adult female rats, which typically have better stroke outcomes, while it was profoundly downregulated in astrocytes of middle-aged females and adult and middle-aged males, groups that typically have more severe stroke outcomes. Assays using primary human astrocytes and neurons show that miR-20a-3p treatment alters mitochondrial dynamics in both cell types. To assess whether stroke outcomes could be improved by elevating astrocytic miR-20a-3p, we created a tetracycline (Tet)-induced recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) construct where miR-20a-3p was located downstream a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter. Treatment with doxycycline induced miR-20-3p expression in astrocytes, reducing mortality and modestly improving sensory motor behavior. A second Tet-induced rAAV construct was created in which miR-20a-3p was located downstream of a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter. These experiments demonstrate that neuronal expression of miR-20a-3p is vastly more neuroprotective than astrocytic expression, with animals receiving the miR-20a-3p vector showing reduced infarction and sensory motor improvement. Intravenous injections, which are a therapeutically tractable treatment route, with miR-20a-3p mimic 4 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) significantly improved stroke outcomes including infarct volume and sensory motor performance. Improvement was not observed when miR-20a-3p was given immediately or 24 h after MCAo, identifying a unique delayed therapeutic window. Overall, this study identifies a novel neuroprotective microRNA and characterizes several key pathways by which it can improve stroke outcomes.


2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Martin ◽  
Laura Donarummo ◽  
Antony Hacking

This study examined the effects of blocking neural activity in sensory motor cortex during early postnatal development on prehension. We infused muscimol, either unilaterally or bilaterally, into the sensory motor cortex of cats to block activity continuously between postnatal weeks 3–7. After stopping infusion, we trained animals to reach and grasp a cube of meat and tested behavior thereafter. Animals that had not received muscimol infusion (unilateral saline infusion; age-matched) reached for the meat accurately with small end-point errors. They grasped the meat using coordinated digit flexion followed by forearm supination on 82.7% of trials. Performance using either limb did not differ significantly. In animals receiving unilateral muscimol infusion, reaching and grasping using the limb ipsilateral to the infusion were similar to controls. The limb contralateral to infusion showed significant increases in systematic and variable reaching end-point errors, often requiring subsequent corrective movements to contact the meat. Grasping occurred on only 14.8% of trials, replaced on most trials by raking without distal movements. Compensatory adjustments in reach length and angle, to maintain end-point accuracy as movements were started from a more lateral position, were less effective using the contralateral limb than ipsilateral limb. With bilateral inactivations, the form of reaching and grasping impairments was identical to that produced by unilateral inactivation, but the magnitude of the reaching impairments was less. We discuss these results in terms of the differential effects of unilateral and bilateral inactivation on corticospinal tract development. We also investigated the degree to which these prehension impairments after unilateral blockade reflect control by each hemisphere. In animals that had received unilateral blockade between postnatal weeks (PWs) 3 and 7, we silenced on-going activity (after PW 11) during task performance using continuous muscimol infusion. We inactivated the right (previously active) and then the left (previously silenced) sensory motor cortex. Inactivation of the ipsilateral (right) sensory motor cortex produced a further increase in systematic error and less frequent normal grasping. Reinactivation of the contralateral (left) cortex produced larger increases in reaching and grasping impairments than those produced by ipsilateral inactivation. This suggests that the impaired limb receives bilateral sensory motor cortex control but that control by the contralateral (initially silenced) cortex predominates. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the normal development of skilled motor behavior requires activity in sensory motor cortex during early postnatal life.


1985 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Roubertoux ◽  
Catherine Semal ◽  
Sylvie Ragueneau

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Q. Whishaw ◽  
S.D. Oddie ◽  
Robert K. McNamara ◽  
Twila L. Harris ◽  
Bernadette S. Perry
Keyword(s):  

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Kramer ◽  
Jonelle R. May ◽  
Daniel J. Patrick ◽  
Luc Chouinard ◽  
Marilyne Boyer ◽  
...  

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vietze ◽  
Steven Friedman ◽  
Martha Foster

The present study was an initial attempt to investigate the effects of non-contingent periodic and aperiodic stimulation on the sensory-motor behavior of 10-wk.-old infants. Results indicated that visual stimulation presented aperiodically (on a random schedule) in contrast to the same stimulation presented periodically (on a fixed time schedule) produced decreased motor activity, heightened visual attention, and a greater number of smiles.


Author(s):  
И.Г. Капица ◽  
А.А. Алымов ◽  
Т.А. Воронина ◽  
С.Б. Середенин

Введение. Воздействие вальпроевой кислотой во время беременности у грызунов широко используется для моделирования расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС). Цель исследования - изучение ранних поведенческих изменений у мышей BALB/c, пренатально подвергшихся однократному воздействию натриевой соли вальпроевой кислоты (400 мг/кг), и возможности их коррекции афобазолом. Методика. Объект исследования - мыши линии BALB/c с фетальным вальпроат-синдромом (ФВС), которым с 7-х по 14-е сут постнатального развития перорально ежедневно вводили афобазол (10 мг/кг) или 0,9% раствор хлорида натрия. Контрольная группа получала 0,9% раствор хлорида натрия в эквивалентном объеме (0,1 мл на 10 г массы). Состояние мышат изучали с 6-х по 14-е сут постнатального развития, оценивали их физическое развитие, скорость созревания сенсорно-двигательных рефлексов, эмоционально-двигательное поведение и точную координацию движений при помощи батареи «развитийных» тестов. Результаты. Введение самкам мышей на 13-й день беременности вальпроевой кислоты приводило к отставанию созревания у потомства сенсорно-двигательных рефлексов, нарушению эмоционально-двигательного поведения и координации движений в гнездовом периоде. Афобазол, при введении 10 мг/кг перорально ежедневно, начиная с 7-х сут постнатального развития мышам с ФВС, корригировал отмеченные нарушения в тестах, отражающих нарушения развития нервной системы. Заключение. Установлены корригирующие свойства афобазола в отношении нарушений, вызванных пренатальным введением ВПК, что определяет целесообразность дальнейшего изучения афобазола на моделях РАС. Introduction. Exposure of rodents to valproic acid during pregnancy is associated with increased incidence of autism spectrum disorders, and has been extensively used as an appropriate model of autism. Aim. To study early behavioral changes in BALB/c mice prenatally exposed to a single dose of valproic acid sodium salt (400 mg/kg) and a possibility of correcting these changes with afobazole. Methods. The study was performed on BALB/c mice with fetal valproate syndrome (FVS). The mice were daily injected orally afobazole 10 mg/kg or 0.9% sodium chloride from day 7 to day 14 of the postnatal development. The control group was injected with an equivalent volume (0.1 ml per 10 g body weight) of 0.9% sodium chloride. The condition of mice was studied from day 6 to day 14 of the postnatal development with evaluation of their physical development, maturation rate of sensory-motor reflexes, emotional-motor behavior, and precise coordination using a battery of «developmental» tests. Results. Administration of valproic acid to female mice on the 13th day of pregnancy led to delayed maturation of the offspring’s sensory-motor reflexes, impaired emotional-motor behavior and coordination of movements during the nesting period. Afobazole administered to mice with fetal valproate syndrome from day 7 to day 14 of the postnatal development at a dose of 10 mg/kg (daily, orally), corrected the disorders in the tests used for assessing retardation or disruption of nervous system development.


PLoS Genetics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e1001326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishi Liu ◽  
Brigitte LeBeouf ◽  
Xiaoyan Guo ◽  
Paola A. Correa ◽  
Daisy G. Gualberto ◽  
...  

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