Reversible cold lesions of the parahippocampal gyrus in monkeys result in deficits on the delayed match-to-sample and other visual tasks

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. George ◽  
James A. Horel ◽  
Richard A. Cirillo
Keyword(s):  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Visual Tasks

Neural Encoding Correlates of High and Low Verbal Memory Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Heinze ◽  
Gudrun Sartory ◽  
Bernhard W. Müller ◽  
Armin de Greiff ◽  
Michael Forsting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Premotor Area ◽  
High Performers ◽  
Rehearsal Strategy ◽  
Common Memory

Neuroimaging studies have indicated involvement of left prefrontal cortex and temporal areas in verbal memory processes. The current study used event-related functional neuroimaging to compare encoding of subsequently recalled and not recalled words in high and low memory performers. Fifteen healthy volunteers were given lists of words to learn with immediate recall and to read as a control condition. High performers reported to have visualized the words whereas low performers used a rehearsal strategy. Compared to reading, unsuccessful encoding was associated with thalamic and left premotor area (BA 6) activity. Comparing successful with unsuccessful learning yielded widespread activity of the left prefrontal and posterior temporal gyrus as well as the left superior parietal lobe in the whole group. Low performers showed activation of the left premotor area throughout learning and additionally of the left middle temporal and parahippocampal gyrus during successful encoding. High performers showed increased activation in the extrastriate cortex throughout learning and additionally in the left parietal post- and paracentral areas as well as in the right precuneus during successful encoding. The results suggest that high verbal memory performance is the result of spatiovisual activation concomitant to imagery and low performance of hippocampal and motor activation, the latter being associated with rehearsal, with a common memory circuit subserving both groups.

Delayed match-to-sample in golden-lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett L. Schwartz ◽  
Megan L. Hoffman ◽  
Genevieve P. Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Lion Tamarins ◽  
Leontopithecus Rosalia ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Golden Lion Tamarins

Differential Use of Verbal Coding by Young and Older Adults in Static and Dynamic Visual Tasks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Horne ◽  
Ian Deary ◽  
Louise Brown ◽  
Robert H. Logie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Tasks

Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus of Hypothalamus: A Possible Target for Deep Brain Stimulation for Treating Sexual Dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3 And 4) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Fariborz Ghaffarpasand ◽  
◽  
Mousa Taghipour ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus ◽  
Deep Brain

Sexual function and orientation is a complex platform of human personality which is being modulated by several brain circuities which is less understood currently. Recently, several studies have demonstrated interesting results regarding the role of several brain locations in sexual behaviors and orientation. Sexual arousal in homosexual men is associated with activation of the left angular gyrus, left caudate nucleus, Ventrolateral Preoptic (VLPO) Nucleus of Hypothalamus and right pallidum; while it is associated with bilateral lingual gyrus, right hippocampus, and right parahippocampal gyrus in heterosexual men. We postulate that sexual-orientation behaviors are being mediated by several circuits in the brain in the center of which the VLPO is playing an indistinguishable role. We hypothesize that the different aspects of the sexual dysfunction could be associated with innate or acquired lesions of VLPO. Accordingly, the electrical stimulation of the nucleus in those with sexual dysfunction would be a treatment option. Thus the VLPO could be considered a target for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in individuals with impaired sexual function.

scholarly journals The impact of a multi-domain intervention on cerebral glucose metabolism: analysis from the randomized ancillary FDG PET MAPT trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Delrieu ◽  
Thierry Voisin ◽  
Laure Saint-Aubert ◽  
Isabelle Carrie ◽  
Christelle Cantet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
Brain Glucose Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) was designed to assess the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, multidomain intervention (MI), or a combination of both on cognition. Although the MAPT study was negative, an effect of MI in maintaining cognitive functions compared to placebo group was showed in positive amyloid subjects. A FDG PET study (MAPT-NI) was implemented to test the impact of MI on brain glucose metabolism. Methods MAPT-NI was a randomized, controlled parallel-group single-center study, exploring the effect of MI on brain glucose metabolism. Participants were non-demented and had memory complaints, limitation in one instrumental activity of daily living, or slow gait. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to “MI group” or “No MI group.” The MI consisted of group sessions focusing on 3 domains: cognitive stimulation, physical activity, nutrition, and a preventive consultation. [18F]FDG PET scans were performed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline. The primary objective was to evaluate the MI effect on brain glucose metabolism assessed by [18F]FDG PET imaging at 6 months. The primary outcome was the quantification of regional metabolism rate for glucose in cerebral regions involved early in Alzheimer disease by relative semi-quantitative SUVr (FDG-based AD biomarker). An exploratory voxel-wise analysis was performed to assess the effect of MI on brain glucose metabolism without anatomical hypothesis. Results The intention-to-treat population included 67 subjects (34 in the MI group and 33 in the No MI group. No significant MI effect was observed on primary outcome at 6 months. In the exploratory voxel-wise analysis, we observed a difference in favor of MI group on the change of cerebral glucose metabolism in limbic lobe (right hippocampus, right posterior cingulate, left posterior parahippocampal gyrus) at 6 months. Conclusions MI failed to show an effect on metabolism in FDG-based AD biomarker, but exploratory analysis suggested positive effect on limbic system metabolism. This finding could suggest a delay effect of MI on AD progression. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT01513252.

scholarly journals Lighting for pedestrians: Does multi-tasking affect the performance of typical pedestrian tasks?

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352110026
Author(s):  
Y Mao ◽  
S Fotios
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
Visual Tasks

Obstacle detection and facial emotion recognition are two critical visual tasks for pedestrians. In previous studies, the effect of changes in lighting was tested for these as individual tasks, where the task to be performed next in a sequence was known. In natural situations, a pedestrian is required to attend to multiple tasks, perhaps simultaneously, or at least does not know which of several possible tasks would next require their attention. This multi-tasking might impair performance on any one task and affect evaluation of optimal lighting conditions. In two experiments, obstacle detection and facial emotion recognition tasks were performed in parallel under different illuminances. Comparison of these results with previous studies, where these same tasks were performed individually, suggests that multi-tasking impaired performance on the peripheral detection task but not the on-axis facial emotion recognition task.

scholarly journals In vivo exploration of synaptic projections in frontotemporal dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Salmon ◽  
Mohamed Ali Bahri ◽  
Alain Plenevaux ◽  
Guillaume Becker ◽  
Alain Seret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Input Function ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory research is to provide data on synaptopathy in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Twelve patients with probable bvFTD were compared to 12 control participants and 12 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Loss of synaptic projections was assessed with [18F]UCBH-PET. Total distribution volume was obtained with Logan method using carotid artery derived input function. Neuroimages were analyzed with SPM12. Verbal fluency, episodic memory and awareness of cognitive impairment were equally impaired in patients groups. Compared to controls, [18F]UCBH uptake tended to decrease in the right anterior parahippocampal gyrus of bvFTD patients. Loss of synaptic projections was observed in the right hippocampus of AD participants, but there was no significant difference in [18F]UCBH brain uptake between patients groups. Anosognosia for clinical disorder was correlated with synaptic density in the caudate nucleus and the anteromedial prefrontal cortex. This study suggests that synaptopathy in bvFTD targets the temporal social brain and self-referential processes.

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