Blood Flow in the Arm Under Brachial Plexus Anaesthesia

Changes in blood blow and skin temperature have been measured in the arms of twenty patients under brachial plexus anaesthesia. A rise in each was noted in every patient. The patients were subdivided into two groups of ten. The anaesthetic administered to the patients of one group contained adrenaline (1 in 100,000), and the patients in the other group received the same anaesthetic but with no added adrenaline. The rise in flow volume, flow velocity and temperature was greater in the group which received adrenaline. The difference in change of flow volume was significant (P<0.05), the difference in temperature rise highly significant (P<0.01), but the difference in change of flow velocity was not significant.

Download Full-text

Influence of Acetazolamide and CO 2 on Extracranial Flow Volume and Intracranial Blood Flow Velocity

Stroke ◽

10.1161/01.str.30.1.76 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 76-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

B. M. Eicke ◽

E. Buss ◽

R. R. Bähr ◽

G. Hajak ◽

W. Paulus

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Flow Volume

Download Full-text

Changes in hemodynamics of the carotid and middle cerebral arteries before and after endoscopic sympathectomy in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis: preliminary results

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1999.90.3.0463 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 463-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jiann-Shing Jeng ◽

Ping-Keung Yip ◽

Sheng-Jean Huang ◽

Ming-Chien Kao

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Palmar Hyperhidrosis ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Content Type ◽

Blood Flow Volume ◽

Before And After ◽

Fine Print

Object. The purpose of this study was to analyze the change in carotid and middle cerebral artery (MCA) hemodynamics before and after endoscopic upper thoracic sympathectomy in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis (PH).Methods. Sixty-eight patients with PH (35 males and 33 females) for whom the average age was 24.5 ± 10.7 years (± standard deviation) were recruited into this study. These patients all underwent routine upper T-2 sympathectomy to treat their PH. Ultrasonography studies of the carotid arteries (CAs) and MCA were obtained in each patient before and after T-2 sympathectomy. The blood flow volume, flow velocity, and resistivity index (RI) in the bilateral common CAs (CCAs), internal CAs (ICAs), and external CAs (ECAs) were evaluated using duplex ultrasonography. The systolic peak velocity, mean velocity, diastolic peak velocity, pulsatility index, and RI of the bilateral MCAs were evaluated using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Blood pressure and heart rate were also recorded during this study. The Student paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between studies before and after bilateral T-2 sympathectomy. There was a significant reduction in diastolic pressure after T-2 sympathectomy (p = 0.003), but not in systolic pressure or heart rate. The vessel diameter was increased after sympathectomy in the left CAs and right CCA. The T-2 sympathectomy led to significant elevation of blood flow volume and RI in the left CCA, ICA, and ECA (p < 0.05). The authors found significant increases in maximum flow velocity and RI in the left MCA (p < 0.05).Conclusions. Patients who underwent T-2 sympathectomy demonstrated a significant increase in blood flow volume and flow velocities of the CAs and MCA, especially on the left side. Asymmetry of sympathetic influence on the hemodynamics of the CAs and MCA was noted. The usefulness of sympathectomy for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deserves further investigation.

Download Full-text

Abstract W P76: Parent Artery Curvature May Help Determine the Effectiveness of Flow Diverter Treatment

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.45.suppl_1.wp76 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Brando Dimapasoc ◽

Aichi Chien

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Volume Flow Rate ◽

Volume Flow ◽

Parent Artery ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Aneurysm Neck ◽

Flow Reduction ◽

Before And After

Introduction: Flow diverters (FDs) aim to treat intracranial aneurysms by altering intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics. Reports have suggested aneurysm and parent artery shape may affect flow reduction in FD-treatment. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the way in which aneurysm shape and parent artery curvature influence the ability of FDs to redirect flow. Hypothesis: Aneurysm dome size and parent artery curvature affect FD-induced flow reduction within an aneurysm. Methods: FD models constructed based on the Pipeline Embolization Device with 35% area coverage, 30 um strand diameter, and 4 mm nominal diameter were implemented for hemodynamic simulation analysis. The flow reduction effects were tested using aneurysm models featuring different dome sizes and parent artery curvatures. Aneurysm blood flow was analyzed before and after FD stenting in regions of the aneurysm neck, body, and dome. Results: We found that aneurysms with higher parent artery curvature had increased systole flow volume entering aneurysms before and after stenting, regardless of aneurysm size, with pre-FD volume flow rates for curvatures of 20 and 30 degrees, respectively, 1.54 and 2.40 times those for 10 degree curvature. Furthermore, FD reduced flow less in aneurysms with higher curvature. For parent artery curvatures of 10, 20, and 30 degrees, overall reductions of flow volume entering the aneurysm were 91.1±0.56%, 88.2±1.2%, and 85.5±0.28%, respectively. 97.2% of models had more flow reduction at the aneurysm dome than neck. Figure 1 shows representative, post-FD flow in 10 and 30 degree parent arteries, with a greater volume flow rate in (b) depicted by denser streamlines. Aneurysm dome size was not found to have a significant effect on volume flow rate. Conclusions: We found that artery curvature may have a large influence on FD flow reduction, indicating that FD may be less effective at reducing blood flow entering aneurysms located within higher curvature arteries.

Download Full-text

The Effect Of Hand Exercise On Grip Strength, Forearm Circumference, Diameter Of Vein, Blood Flow Volume And Velocity In Patient Who Underwent Arteriovenous Fistula Surgery And On Routine Haemodialysis

Surabaya Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.20473/spmrj.v1i1.2019.14-24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Jufri Febriyanto Poetra ◽

Andriati Andriati ◽

Dewi Poerwandari

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Cephalic Vein ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Blood Flow Volume ◽

Before And After ◽

Vein Diameter

Background: The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is considered the gold standard for haemodialysis access. The fistula needs time to be mature and functional. Maturation process respond to increases in blood flow. Exercise stimulates vascular response as such an increase of blood flow. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of hand exercise in increasing grip muscle performance, and its effectiveness in supporting maturation process of fistula.Methods: This experimental study done on 14 patients underwent AVF procedure and on routine haemodialysis. Randomly, 7 subjects allocated on intervention group by doing hand exercise using hand gripper (HG) for 5 weeks, and 7 subjects allocated as control group without introduction to hand gripper. Grip strength and forearm circumference were measured before and after 5 weeks of intervention. Cephalic vein diameter, blood flow volume and velocity were measured using Doppler USG on AVF arm. The comparison of intervention effects between groups treatment were analyzed based on effect size (ES).Results: Grip strength and forearm circumference increased significantly on intervention group before and after exercise intervention (p<.001, p=.001). Cephalic vein diameter and blood flow were increased significantly in this group (p=.027, p=.033). Blood flow velocity showed no difference before and after exercise intervention. Significant results were found on increased grip strength, forearm circumference, cephalic vein diameter and blood flow volume in comparison between treated group (p<.001; ES=.94, p<.001; ES=.4, p=.046; ES=.84, p=.035; ES=.53). There were no differences on cephalic vein blood flow velocity between these two groups.Conclusion: Five weeks hand exercise were effective to increase grip strength, forearm circumference, cephalic vein diameter and blood flow volume, nonetheless ineffective to increase cephalic vein blood flow velocity in post AVF procedure patients with routine haemodialysis.

Download Full-text

Focused Ultrasound PC-6 Stimulation Effects on Blood Flow Volume, Skin Temperature, and Coldness of the Finger and Toe

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000501149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 404-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noriko Tsuruoka ◽

Shingo Katayama ◽

Takashi Seki ◽

Tadao Matsunaga ◽

Ryuta Iijima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Focused Ultrasound ◽

Acupuncture Point ◽

Skin Surface ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Blood Flow Volume ◽

Before And After ◽

Vas Scores ◽

Acupoint Stimulation

Introduction: Focused ultrasound can stimulate a specific point of tissue and can be a noninvasive method for acupoint stimulation. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of acupoint stimulation by focused ultrasound on blood flow volume and coldness of the fingers and toes. Materials and Methods: Forty healthy volunteers were included in this experiment. The blood flow volume and the skin temperature of a finger and toe were measured before and after stimulation of the pericardium 6 acupuncture point (PC-6) by focused ultrasound. Subjective coldness of the fingers and toes was also assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after stimulation. Results: The maximum blood flow volumes of the finger and toe were significantly larger (p < 0.01) than those before stimulation. The maximum skin surface temperatures of the fingers were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those before stimulation. The VAS scores for subjective coldness of the toes after stimulation were significantly higher (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The blood flow volume and skin temperature tended to increase after PC-6 stimulation. The VAS scores also indicated a tendency toward a warmer sensation in the toes after stimulation.

Download Full-text

Effects of regional alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia on small pulmonary vessels in cats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1986.61.2.440 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 440-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

M. Shirai ◽

K. Sada ◽

I. Ninomiya

Keyword(s):

Flow Velocity ◽

Volume Flow ◽

The Other ◽

Internal Diameter ◽

Lung Region ◽

Pulmonary Vessels ◽

Small Arteries ◽

X Ray ◽

Other Hand ◽

Alveolar Hypoxia

Using an X-ray TV system, we analyzed responses in the internal diameter (ID), flow velocity, and volume flow in small pulmonary vessels (100–600 microns ID) during unilobar hypoxia and hypercapnia in cats. In the hypoxic and hypercapnic lobes, the ID reduced in proportion to the degree of hypoxia and hypercapnia, respectively. The ID reduction was larger in the arteries than in the veins for a given stimulus. In the arteries, the ID reduced nonuniformly in the series-arranged vessels in response to both stimuli. The percentage ID reduction was maximal in the arteries of 200–300 microns ID, in which it was 21, 26, 28, and 36% with 5% O2, 0% O2, 5% CO2, and 10% CO2 inhalations, respectively. On the other hand, in the veins, uniform ID reduction occurred for a given stimulus. In the contralateral normoxic lobe, the ID did not change significantly. In both hypoxic and hypercapnic lobes, the flow velocity and volume flow of the small arteries decreased, with 5% O2, by 18 and 40%, respectively, and, with 5% CO2, by 23 and 50%, respectively. In contrast, in the normoxic lobe, they increased significantly during 5% O2 and 5% CO2 inhalations. We concluded that regional alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia induced a local vasoconstriction particularly in the small arteries of 200–300 microns ID and decreased the flow velocity and volume flow in the same lung region.

Download Full-text

Relationship between Common Carotid Arterial Flow and Age in Nursing Home Residents

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006059202000101 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I Nagatomo ◽

M Nomaguchi ◽

K Matsumoto

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Carotid Blood Flow ◽

Blood Flow Volume

Heart rate and carotid blood flow were measured in 82 elderly nursing home residents in both supine and sitting positions. The subjects had been divided into two groups according to whether or not they had had an episode of chronic cerebrovascular disease. In subjects with chronic cerebrovascular disease, the heart rate in the sitting position was significantly ( P < 0.01) faster than that in the supine position but there were no significant differences in total carotid blood flow volume or in mean carotid blood flow velocity between the positions. In subjects with chronic cerebrovascular disease, there were also no significant correlations between heart rate, total blood flow volume, or mean blood flow velocity, in either position, and age. In subjects without chronic cerebrovascular disease, the results for postural change were the same as those in subjects with chronic cerebrovascular disease but in both positions there was a significant negative correlation between age and both total carotid blood flow volume and mean carotid blood flow velocity.

Download Full-text

Sources and Application of Cooling Water

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3535309 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 367-368

Author(s):

H. K. Jennings

Keyword(s):

Temperature Rise ◽

Cooling Water ◽

Entire Length ◽

The Other ◽

Well Water ◽

Sewer System ◽

Steel Roll ◽

The Difference ◽

Line Pressure ◽

Storm Sewer

Abstract IN the Firestone plants, the application of water for cooling purpose has progressed from year to year along the following lines. The original installation of mill rolls included a stuffing box in one end of the roll, with two 1 1/2″ holes in the end of this stationary box, one being the water inlet with a 1″ perforated standard pipe extending across the entire length of the inside of the roll. The coding water filled the entire cavity of the roll, placing it under line pressure with a drain through a 1″ pipe to the other connection in the stationary stuffing. box. This water is returned to a common header system and finds its way into the storm sewer system. This method of mill roll cooling required approximately 40 gallons of water per mill per minute, the water entering the roll at a temperature of 56° and leaving at approximately 60°, or a temperature rise of only 4° F. With this method, the difference between the temperature of the outgoing water and the stock was 85°. This method was exceedingly inefficient and used a large quantity of this scarce well water. Several years later it became necessary that more efficient means be found for cooling mill rolls. At that time the engineers designed an aluminum fin vane that extended the entire length of the inside roll cavity with a tip that forced the water directly against the inside surface of the steel roll. This aluminum vane also acted as a paddle which kept the water agitated as the roll revolved, and coming more rapidly in contact with the roll surfaces.

Download Full-text

Finger dexterity, skin temperature, and blood flow during auxiliary heating in the cold

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00051.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 758-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Dragan Brajkovic ◽

Michel B. Ducharme

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Heat Content ◽

Finger Dexterity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Forearm Skin ◽

The Difference ◽

Finger Skin ◽

Forearm Muscle ◽

Body Heat

The primary purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two forms of hand heating and to discuss specific trends that relate finger dexterity performance to variables such as finger skin temperature (Tfing), finger blood flow (Q̇fing), forearm skin temperature (Tfsk), forearm muscle temperature (Tfmus), mean weighted body skin temperature (T̄sk), and change in body heat content (ΔHb). These variables along with rate of body heat storage, toe skin temperature, and change in rectal temperature were measured during direct and indirect hand heating. Direct hand heating involved the use of electrically heated gloves to keep the fingers warm (heated gloves condition), whereas indirect hand heating involved warming the fingers indirectly by actively heating the torso with an electrically heated vest (heated vest condition). Seven men (age 35.6 ± 5.6 yr) were subjected to each method of hand heating while they sat in a chair for 3 h during exposure to -25°C air. Q̇fing was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher during the heated vest condition compared with the heated gloves condition (234 ± 28 and 33 ± 4 perfusion units, respectively), despite a similar Tfing (which ranged between 28 and 35°C during the 3-h exposure). Despite the difference in Q̇fing, there was no significant difference in finger dexterity performance. Therefore, finger dexterity can be maintained with direct hand heating despite a low Q̇fing. ΔHb, T̄sk, and Tfmus reached a low of -472 ± 18 kJ, 28.5 ± 0.3°C, and 29.8 ± 0.5°C, respectively, during the heated gloves condition, but the values were not low enough to affect finger dexterity.

Download Full-text