Finger dexterity, skin temperature, and blood flow during auxiliary heating in the cold

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 758-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Brajkovic ◽  
Michel B. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Finger Dexterity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forearm Skin ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Finger Skin ◽  
Forearm Muscle ◽  
Body Heat

The primary purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two forms of hand heating and to discuss specific trends that relate finger dexterity performance to variables such as finger skin temperature (Tfing), finger blood flow (Q̇fing), forearm skin temperature (Tfsk), forearm muscle temperature (Tfmus), mean weighted body skin temperature (T̄sk), and change in body heat content (ΔHb). These variables along with rate of body heat storage, toe skin temperature, and change in rectal temperature were measured during direct and indirect hand heating. Direct hand heating involved the use of electrically heated gloves to keep the fingers warm (heated gloves condition), whereas indirect hand heating involved warming the fingers indirectly by actively heating the torso with an electrically heated vest (heated vest condition). Seven men (age 35.6 ± 5.6 yr) were subjected to each method of hand heating while they sat in a chair for 3 h during exposure to -25°C air. Q̇fing was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher during the heated vest condition compared with the heated gloves condition (234 ± 28 and 33 ± 4 perfusion units, respectively), despite a similar Tfing (which ranged between 28 and 35°C during the 3-h exposure). Despite the difference in Q̇fing, there was no significant difference in finger dexterity performance. Therefore, finger dexterity can be maintained with direct hand heating despite a low Q̇fing. ΔHb, T̄sk, and Tfmus reached a low of -472 ± 18 kJ, 28.5 ± 0.3°C, and 29.8 ± 0.5°C, respectively, during the heated gloves condition, but the values were not low enough to affect finger dexterity.

Relationship between body heat content and finger temperature during cold exposure

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2445-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Brajkovic ◽  
Michel B. Ducharme ◽  
John Frim
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Finger Temperature ◽  
Finger Dexterity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Finger Skin ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Partitional Calorimetry

The purpose of the present experiment was to examine the relationship between rate of body heat storage (S˙), change in body heat content (ΔHb), extremity temperatures, and finger dexterity. S˙, ΔHb , finger skin temperature (Tfing), toe skin temperature, finger dexterity, and rectal temperature were measured during active torso heating while the subjects sat in a chair and were exposed to −25°C air. S˙ and ΔHb were measured using partitional calorimetry, rather than thermometry, which was used in the majority of previous studies. Eight men were exposed to four conditions in which the clothing covering the body or the level of torso heating was modified. After 3 h, Tfing was 34.9 ± 0.4, 31.2 ± 1.2, 18.3 ± 3.1, and 12.1 ± 0.5°C for the four conditions, whereas finger dexterity decreased by 0, 0, 26, and 39%, respectively. In contrast to some past studies, extremity comfort can be maintained, despite S˙ that is slightly negative. This study also found a direct linear relationship between ΔHb and Tfing and toe skin temperature at a negative ΔHb. In addition, ΔHb was a better indicator of the relative changes in extremity temperatures and finger dexterity over time than S˙.

Effect of high local temperature on reflex cutaneous vasodilation

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Taylor ◽  
J. M. Johnson ◽  
D. O'Leary ◽  
M. K. Park
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Basal Tone ◽  
Forearm Skin ◽  
Local Warming ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Average Rise ◽  
Reflex Cutaneous Vasodilation ◽  
Body Heat

We examined the effect of high local forearm skin temperature (Tloc) on reflex cutaneous vasodilator responses to elevated whole-body skin (Tsk) and internal temperatures. One forearm was locally warmed to 42 degrees C while the other was left at ambient conditions to determine if a high Tloc could attenuate or abolish reflex vasodilation. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was monitored in both arms, increases being indicative of increases in skin blood flow (SkBF). In one protocol, Tsk was raised to 39–40degrees C 30 min after Tloc in one arm had been raised to 42 degrees C. In a second protocol, Tsk andTloc were elevated simultaneously. In protocol 1, the locally warmed arm showed little or no change in blood flow in response to increasing Tsk and esophageal temperature (average rise = 0.76 +/-1.18 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1), whereas FBF in the normothermic arm rose by an average of 8.84 +/- 3.85 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1. In protocol 2, FBF in the normothermic arm converged with that in the warmed arm in three of four cases but did not surpass it. We conclude that local warming to 42 degrees C for 35–55 min prevents reflex forearm cutaneous vasodilator responses to whole-body heat stress. The data strongly suggest that this attenuation is via reduction or abolition of basal tone in the cutaneous arteriolar smooth muscle and that at a Tloc of 42 degrees C a maximum forearm SkBF has been achieved. Implicit in this conclusion is that local warming has been applied for a duration sufficient to achieve a plateau in FBF.

Reflex regulation of sweat rate by skin temperature in exercising humans

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Johnson ◽  
D. S. O'Leary ◽  
W. F. Taylor ◽  
M. K. Park
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Reflex Regulation ◽  
Forearm Skin

To find whether sweat rate (SR) and forearm skin blood flow ( SkBF ) were reflexly affected by skin temperature (Tsk) we used water-perfused suits to rapidly elevate Tsk during exercise. With this elevation in Tsk, there was a period of little net change in esophageal temperature (Tes) but marked responses in SR and SkBF . During this period a rise in Tsk of 4.2 +/- 0.3 degrees C was associated with an increase in SR of 0.44 +/- 0.09 mg X cm-2 X min-1 and an increase in SkBF of 3.27 +/- 0.42 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1. Multiple linear regression analysis as well as comparison with control studies in which Tsk was kept cool also reveal a consistent role for Tsk in the reflex regulation of SR and SkBF . Responses in SR and FBF were much more marked at levels of Tsk below 33 degrees C. Below a Tsk of 33 degrees C, SR rose 0.30 +/- 0.06 mg X cm-2 X min-1 per degrees C rise in Tsk, whereas above 33 degrees SR rose only 0.05 +/- 0.01 mg X cm2 X min per degrees C. FBF rose 2.81 +/- 0.60 and 0.77 +/- 0.18 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1 per degrees C rise in Tsk at the lower and upper ranges of Tsk, respectively.

Splanchnic hemodynamics in portal-hypertensive rats: measurement with gamma-labeled microspheres

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. G156-G160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Groszmann ◽  
J. Vorobioff ◽  
E. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Splanchnic Hemodynamics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
The Difference

A method to quantitate hepatic arterial flow (HA), portal venous flow (PBF), and blood flow through portal-systemic shunts (ShBF) in portal-hypertensive rats is described. This method relies on the injection of two differently radiolabeled microspheres (15 micrometers) into the left ventricle and spleen. To evaluate the usefulness of this technique, studies were performed on normal, cirrhotic, and portal vein-ligated rats anesthetized with ketamine. With this method, PBF is calculated indirectly from the sums of the blood flow of the splanchnic organs that drain into the portal vein. In the portal-hypertensive animals with portal-systemic shunting, this technique allows for the determination of PBF perfusing the liver [hepatic fraction of portal flow (HFP)] and PBF escaping through portal-systemic shunts (ShBF). The portal vein-ligated rats have higher HA flow (0.68 +/- 0.08 ml . min-1 . g-1) and lower HFP (0.08 +/- 0.01 ml . min-1 . g-1) than either the cirrhotic (HA: 0.27 +/- 0.03 ml . min-1 . g-1, P less than 0.01; HFP: 1.20 +/- 0.20 ml . min-1 . g-1, P less than 0.01) or the normal rat (HA: 0.29 +/- 0.06 ml . min-1 . g-1, P less than 0.01; HFP: 1.39 +/- 0.16 ml . min-1 . g-1, P less than 0.01). No significant difference was found between the cirrhotic and normal rats. The ShBF was higher in the portal vein-ligated rats (21.4 +/- 2.8 ml/min) than in the cirrhotic (4.6 +/- 2.5 ml/min, P less than 0.001) or normal rats (0.03 +/- 0.005 ml/min, P less than 0.01). The difference between the cirrhotic and normal animals was also significant (P less than 0.05). This is a simple, rapid, and reliable technique that allows for the quantitation of splanchnic hemodynamics in experimental models with portal hypertension.

Interactions between local and reflex influences on human forearm skin blood flow

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Johnson ◽  
G. L. Brengelmann ◽  
L. B. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Human Forearm ◽  
Forearm Skin ◽  
Forearm Muscle

A three-part experiment was designed to examine interactions between local and reflex influences on forearm skin blood flow (SkBF). In part I locally increasing arm skin temperature (Tsk) to 42.5 degrees C was not associated with increases in underlying forearm muscle blood flow, esophageal temperature (Tes), or forearm blood flow in the contralateral cool arm. In part II whole-body Tsk was held at 38 or 40 degrees C and the surface temperature of one arm held at 38 or 42 degrees C for prolonged periods. SkBF in the heated arm rose rapidly with the elevation in body Tsk and arm Tsk continued to rise as Tes rose. SkBF in the arm kept at 32 degrees C paralleled rising Tes. In six studies, SkBF in the cool arm ultimately converged with SkBF in the heated arm. In eight other studies, heated arm SkBF maintained an offset above cool arm SkBF throughout the period of whole-body heating. In part III, local arm Tsk of 42.5 degrees C did not abolish skin vasoconstrictor response to lower body negative pressure. We conclude that local and reflex influences to skin interact so as to modify the degree but not the pattern of skin vasomotor response.

Blood Flow in the Arm Under Brachial Plexus Anaesthesia

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. McGREGOR ◽  
W. K. JONES ◽  
D. PERLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
The Difference

Changes in blood blow and skin temperature have been measured in the arms of twenty patients under brachial plexus anaesthesia. A rise in each was noted in every patient. The patients were subdivided into two groups of ten. The anaesthetic administered to the patients of one group contained adrenaline (1 in 100,000), and the patients in the other group received the same anaesthetic but with no added adrenaline. The rise in flow volume, flow velocity and temperature was greater in the group which received adrenaline. The difference in change of flow volume was significant (P<0.05), the difference in temperature rise highly significant (P<0.01), but the difference in change of flow velocity was not significant.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature on sonographic images of the median nerve for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Chang ◽  
Chii-Jen Chen ◽  
You-Wei Wang ◽  
Valeria Chiu ◽  
Shinn-Kuang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Power Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome

Abstract Background In addition to nerve conduction studies (NCSs), ultrasonography has been widely used as an alternative tool for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Although the results of NCSs are influenced by local skin temperature, few studies have explored the effects of skin temperature on ultrasonography of the median nerve. Since swelling and intraneural blood flow of the median nerve might be influenced by local temperature changes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional area (CSA) and intraneural blood flow of the median nerve under three skin temperatures (30 °C, 32 °C, 34 °C). Methods Fifty patients with CTS and 50 healthy volunteers were consecutively recruited from a community hospital. Each participant received physical examinations and NCSs and underwent ultrasonography, including power Doppler, to evaluate intraneural vascularity. Results The CSA of the median nerve in the CTS patients was significantly larger than that in the healthy controls at all three temperatures. However, significant differences in the power Doppler signals of the median nerve between the two studied groups were observed only at 30 and 32 °C, not at 34 °C. Conclusion The significant difference in the intraneural vascularity of the median nerve between the patients with CTS and the healthy subjects was lost at higher temperatures (34 °C). Therefore, the results of power Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosing CTS should be cautiously interpreted in patients with a high skin temperature or those who reside in warm environments.

Influence of electroacupuncture stimulation on skin temperature, skin blood flow, muscle blood volume and pupil diameter

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kubota ◽  
Hidetoshi Mori ◽  
Tateyuki Morisawa ◽  
Kazuyo Hanyu ◽  
Hiroshi Kuge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Tibialis Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To examine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on multiple physiological indices and to evaluate both local and systemic physiological responses induced by the stimulation. Methods: 15 healthy male college students participated in an experimental crossover study. They received two kinds of interventions: one with EA stimulation and one without EA stimulation on different days. Two disposable acupuncture needles were inserted at two traditional acupuncture points (ST36 and ST38), located along the anterior tibialis muscle. EA stimulation was administered for 10 min. Skin temperature (ST), skin blood flow (SBF) and muscle blood volume (MBV) were recorded near the stimulation sites, while the pupil diameter (PD) was measured before, during and after the interventions. Results: ST, SBF and MBV increased significantly following EA stimulation. PD of the right and left eyes decreased significantly following EA stimulation. There was a significant difference in ST responses between the groups (P=0.001). For SBF, MBV and PD, no significant differences were demonstrated between the groups. Conclusions: Our study showed that 10 min of EA stimulation increased ST, SBF and MBV, and decreased PD, compared to baseline, while no significant change was observed in the control group. This suggests that EA stimulation alters local blood flow and ST, and these responses are likely mediated via segmental spinal reflexes, supraspinal reflexes involving parasympathetic activation, and other mechanisms.

Forearm blood flow during body temperature transients produced by leg exercise

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Wenger ◽  
M. F. Roberts ◽  
J. A. Stolwijk ◽  
E. R. Nadel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Forearm Skin ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Subjects exercised for 30 min on a bicycle ergometer at 30, 50, and 70% of maximal aerobic power in ambient temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 degrees C and vapor pressures of less than 18 Torr. Exercise was used to vary internal temperature during an experiment, and different ambient temperatures were used to vary skin temperatures independently of internal temperature. Forearm skin temperature was fixed at about 36.5 degrees C. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured with a thermocouple at the level of the left atrium, and mean skin temperature (Tsk) was calculated from a weighted mean of thermocouple temperatures at eight skin sites. Forearm blood flow (BF) was measured by electrocapacitance plethysmography. Our data are well accounted for by an equation of the form BF = a1Tes + q2Tsk + b, independent of exercise intensity, although some subjects showed an equivocal vasodilator effect of exercise. The ratios a1/a2 (7.5, 9.6, 11.7) are quite similar to the ratios (8.6, 10.4) of the corresponding coefficients in two recent models of thermoregulatory sweating.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document