Selected Topics in Point-of-Care Testing: Urinalysis, Pregnancy Testing, Microbiology, Fecal Occult Blood, and Other Tests

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lee-Lewandrowski ◽  
Kent Lewandrowski
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Pregnancy Testing

Occult blood fecal tests for self-control and point of care testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Charchut ◽  
Magdalena Wójcik ◽  
Barbara K. Kościelniak ◽  
Przemysław J. Tomasik
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Fecal Tests

Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is a non-invasive and easy-to-carry, self-performed assay. It is often conducted in the diagnosis of various gastrointestinal diseases, especially as a screening test for colorectal cancer. This test is aimed at detecting blood which is not visible macroscopically in a stool sample. The purpose of this paper is to discuss various types of FOB tests: chemical, immunochroma- tographic and DNA tests. Despite the similarity in their performance, these tests use different methods and thus differ in their ability to detect blood from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the interfering factors in the various assays and the proper preparation of the patient before the test are discussed in detail. The knowledge of the differences between these tests will allow to correct performance and interpretation of the results obtained with each tests.

scholarly journals Novel Toilet Paper–Based Point-Of-Care Test for the Rapid Detection of Fecal Occult Blood: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yao Wang ◽  
Ting-Wei Lin ◽  
Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu ◽  
Wan-Ying Lin ◽  
Song-Bin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Toilet Paper

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer screening by fecal occult blood testing has been an important public health test and shown to reduce colorectal cancer–related mortality. However, the low participation rate in colorectal cancer screening by the general public remains a problematic public health issue. This fact could be attributed to the complex and unpleasant operation of the screening tool. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to validate a novel toilet paper–based point-of-care test (ie, JustWipe) as a public health instrument to detect fecal occult blood and provide detailed results from the evaluation of the analytic characteristics in the clinical validation. METHODS The mechanism of fecal specimen collection by the toilet-paper device was verified with repeatability and reproducibility tests. We also evaluated the analytical characteristics of the test reagents. For clinical validation, we conducted comparisons between JustWipe and other fecal occult blood tests. The first comparison was between JustWipe and typical fecal occult blood testing in a central laboratory setting with 70 fecal specimens from the hospital. For the second comparison, a total of 58 volunteers were recruited, and JustWipe was compared with the commercially available Hemoccult SENSA in a point-of-care setting. RESULTS Adequate amounts of fecal specimens were collected using the toilet-paper device with small day-to-day and person-to-person variations. The limit of detection of the test reagent was evaluated to be 3.75 µg of hemoglobin per milliliter of reagent. Moreover, the test reagent also showed high repeatability (100%) on different days and high reproducibility (>96%) among different users. The overall agreement between JustWipe and a typical fecal occult blood test in a central laboratory setting was 82.9%. In the setting of point-of-care tests, the overall agreement between JustWipe and Hemoccult SENSA was 89.7%. Moreover, the usability questionnaire showed that the novel test tool had high scores in operation friendliness (87.3/100), ease of reading results (97.4/100), and information usefulness (96.1/100). CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a toilet paper–based fecal occult blood test for use as a point-of-care test for the rapid (in 60 seconds) and easy testing of fecal occult blood. These favorable characteristics render it a promising tool for colorectal cancer screening as a public health instrument.

scholarly journals Use of Fecal Occult Blood Test in Hospitalized Patients: Survey of Physicians Practicing in a Large Central Canadian Health Region and Canadian Gastroenterologists

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ip ◽  
AbdulRazaq AH Sokoro ◽  
Al Buchel ◽  
Debrah Wirtzfeld ◽  
Gerald Konrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Test ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Occult Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Canadian Association

BACKGROUND: Although the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) was developed for colorectal cancer screening in the outpatient setting, it continues to be used among hospitalized patients. No previous study has evaluated the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of practicing physicians on the use of FOBT among hospitalized patients and compared practices among physicians with different medical specialty training.OBJECTIVE: To survey physicians in the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA) and Canadian gastroenterologists (GIs) on the use of FOBT in hospitals.METHODS: A survey was distributed by e-mail to internists (n=198), emergency medicine (EM) physicians (n=118), general surgeons (n=47) and family medicine (FM) physicians with admitting privileges (n=29) in the WRHA. Canadian GIs were surveyed through the membership database of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG) (n=449). The survey included items regarding demographics of the respondents and their current use of FOBT in hospitals.RESULTS: Response rates ranged from 18% among CAG members to 69% among FM physicians in the WRHA. General internal medicine, general surgeon and GI respondents were less likely to order a FOBT and less likely to believe that an FOBT was useful in assessing emergency room or hospitalized patients when compared with FM and EM respondents (P<0.001). The most common indications for ordering a FOBT were black stools and anemia with and without iron deficiency. Two-thirds of EM physicians preferred point-of-care testing rather than laboratory reporting of FOBT.CONCLUSIONS: The present survey suggests that FOBTs are commonly used in hospitals by EM and FM physicians for indications such as anemia and black stools.

Pilot study of the effect of gastrointestinal diets on fecal occult blood testing in cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-663
Author(s):  
Kate E Spies ◽  
Jennifer E Slovak
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Hydrolyzed Protein ◽  
Set Up

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the methodology of guaiac-based fecal occult blood (FOB) testing in healthy cats, and to examine the effect of feeding selected gastrointestinal diets (canned and dry) on FOB results. Methods Stool obtained from three cats was mixed with incremental quantities of EDTA whole blood. FOB tests were performed in triplicate and interpreted at 5 mins, and at 24, 48 and 72 h post-test set-up. Ten cats were fed their normal diets, a dry hydrolyzed protein diet, a dry gastrointestinal diet and then transitioned back to their normal diet over a 7-week period. A subsequent study was repeated with similar hydrolyzed protein and gastrointestinal canned diets. Two fecal samples were tested per cat each week using human point-of-care guaiac tests. Results Ten microliters of whole feline blood could be reliably detected in feline stool at all time points evaluated. There was no evidence of an association between the dry hydrolyzed and dry gastrointestinal diets and a positive FOB test result ( P = 0.33). Cats fed a canned gastrointestinal diet had a significantly higher probability of producing a positive FOB result than when on their normal diet ( P <0.01). Feeding the canned hydrolyzed diet was not associated with an increased probability of a positive FOB test vs the normal diet ( P = 0.94). Conclusions and relevance Small amounts of blood in feline stool can be reliably and repeatedly detected as early as 5 mins post-FOB test set-up, making this a user-friendly bench-top screening test in a veterinary setting. Cats fed a single dry hydrolyzed, dry gastroenteric or canned hydrolyzed diet in this study had a low chance of false-positive FOB test results, while those fed the canned gastrointestinal diet had a significantly greater likelihood of producing false-positive results.

scholarly journals Novel Toilet Paper–Based Point-Of-Care Test for the Rapid Detection of Fecal Occult Blood: Instrument Validation Study

10.2196/20261 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. e20261
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yao Wang ◽  
Ting-Wei Lin ◽  
Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu ◽  
Wan-Ying Lin ◽  
Song-Bin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Toilet Paper

Background Colorectal cancer screening by fecal occult blood testing has been an important public health test and shown to reduce colorectal cancer–related mortality. However, the low participation rate in colorectal cancer screening by the general public remains a problematic public health issue. This fact could be attributed to the complex and unpleasant operation of the screening tool. Objective This study aimed to validate a novel toilet paper–based point-of-care test (ie, JustWipe) as a public health instrument to detect fecal occult blood and provide detailed results from the evaluation of the analytic characteristics in the clinical validation. Methods The mechanism of fecal specimen collection by the toilet-paper device was verified with repeatability and reproducibility tests. We also evaluated the analytical characteristics of the test reagents. For clinical validation, we conducted comparisons between JustWipe and other fecal occult blood tests. The first comparison was between JustWipe and typical fecal occult blood testing in a central laboratory setting with 70 fecal specimens from the hospital. For the second comparison, a total of 58 volunteers were recruited, and JustWipe was compared with the commercially available Hemoccult SENSA in a point-of-care setting. Results Adequate amounts of fecal specimens were collected using the toilet-paper device with small day-to-day and person-to-person variations. The limit of detection of the test reagent was evaluated to be 3.75 µg of hemoglobin per milliliter of reagent. Moreover, the test reagent also showed high repeatability (100%) on different days and high reproducibility (>96%) among different users. The overall agreement between JustWipe and a typical fecal occult blood test in a central laboratory setting was 82.9%. In the setting of point-of-care tests, the overall agreement between JustWipe and Hemoccult SENSA was 89.7%. Moreover, the usability questionnaire showed that the novel test tool had high scores in operation friendliness (87.3/100), ease of reading results (97.4/100), and information usefulness (96.1/100). Conclusions We developed and validated a toilet paper–based fecal occult blood test for use as a point-of-care test for the rapid (in 60 seconds) and easy testing of fecal occult blood. These favorable characteristics render it a promising tool for colorectal cancer screening as a public health instrument.

scholarly journals Fecal Occult Blood and Fecal Calprotectin as Point-of-Care Markers of Intestinal Morbidity in Ugandan Children with Schistosoma mansoni Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaya L. Bustinduy ◽  
José C. Sousa-Figueiredo ◽  
Moses Adriko ◽  
Martha Betson ◽  
Alan Fenwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult

Sensitivity of fecal occult blood testing in the cat

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J Rudinsky ◽  
Julien Guillaumin ◽  
Chen Gilor
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
The Impact

Objectives The impact of dietary factors on fecal occult blood (FOB) testing has been previously evaluated in cats, but the analytical sensitivity of this point-of-care test remains unexamined. The primary goal of this study was to assess the analytical sensitivity of the FOB test in cats. Methods Five cats were used in a repeated measures study. Following oral administration of blood, feces were collected and tested every 12 h for FOB and melena. All cats were fed an animal protein-free diet starting the week before entry into the study. Blood was administered on a milligram of hemoglobin per kilogram of body weight basis, and dosed at 1.5, 3, 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg hemoglobin in series with a wash-out period between each trial. Results FOB was detected in one cat at 1.5 mg/kg hemoglobin, three cats at 3 mg/kg hemoglobin and in all five cats at 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg hemoglobin. Melena was noted in one cat at 30 mg/kg and four cats at 45 mg/kg, but not at lower doses. Conclusions and relevance Administration of 15 mg/kg hemoglobin (equivalent to about 1.5 ml blood) was sufficient for positive results in all cats. However, detection occurred with as little as 1.5 mg/kg hemoglobin. Thus, FOB has good analytical sensitivity in cats under appropriate clinical situations.

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