Summary
A novel model has been developed for the prediction of frictional pressure gradient in unstable turbulent oil/water dispersion flow in horizontal pipes. This model uses the friction-factor approach, based on the law of the wall, to predict the pressure gradient. Modification of both the von Karman coefficient κ' and the parameter B' have been carried out in the law of the wall to include the effect of the dispersed phase—namely, the dispersed-phase volume fraction and the characteristic-droplet-size diameters. The developed model applies to both dilute and dense flows, covering the entire range of water cuts. Model predictions have been compared with a comprehensive experimental database collected from literature, resulting in an absolute average error of 9.6%. Also, the comparisons demonstrate that the developed model properly represents the physical phenomena exhibited in unstable turbulent oil/water dispersions. These include drag reduction, increase in frictional pressure gradient with increasing dispersed-phase volume fraction, and the peak in the frictional pressure gradient at the oil/water phase-inversion region.
Estimating the phase volume fraction of multi-phase steel via unsupervised deep learning
