Neuropsychological test performance in a cognitively intact sample of older Japanese American adults

Abstract Objective The Motivation Behaviors Checklist (MBC) was designed as an observational rating scale to assess effort during baseline evaluations (Rabinowitz, Merritt, and Arnett, 2016). This study aims to explore the MBC in relation to a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, including paper-and-pencil tests. Method Participants included 291 (M = 213, F = 78) student-athletes from a Division I University sports concussion program. Seventeen neuropsychological test indices were used to create a neurocognitive composite. The 18-item MBC was scored such that higher values indicate greater motivation/effort. Across test indices, the number of impaired scores (below the 80th percentile) was also calculated. Individuals were placed into impairment groups (Impaired ≥3 impaired scores) and motivation groups based on their MBC scores (High Motivation = score greater than the median of 49). Results Bivariate correlations demonstrated a significant relationship (ρ = .39, p < .001) between cognitive performance and the MBC total score. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that significantly more of the 81 individuals in the Impaired group were also in the Low Motivation group (n = 56, 69%), χ2 (1, N = 291) = 18.53, p < .001, Φ = −.25. Conclusions Higher motivation scores on the MBC are related to better cognitive performance. Compared with cognitively intact individuals, those who were cognitively impaired were significantly more likely to score below the cut off score of 49 on the MBC. Future work will explore different cutoff values that maximize sensitivity and specificity for test performance in order to provide guidelines for clinicians wishing to utilize the MBC.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Exacerbates Emotional Complaints but not Cognitive Impairments in Individuals Suffering from Postconcussional Disorder after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000132 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 35-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara C. Schroeder ◽

Ronald M. Ruff ◽

Lutz Jäncke

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Test Performance ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Composite Scale

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on (a) neuropsychological test performance and (b) self-reported emotional complaints within individuals suffering from postconcussional disorder (PCD) after a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). A two-group comparative research design was employed. Two MTBI samples with and without PTSD were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery and the Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory (RNBI). On the neurocognitive test performances no significant between group differences were found, but the MTBI group with PTSD endorsed a significantly greater number of emotional complaints, especially in the RNBI subscales of anxiety and depression. The patients with PTSD also endorsed a significantly greater number of premorbid sequelae in the RNBI emotional composite scale as well as the RNBI premorbid subscales of pain, anxiety and abuse. In sum, PTSD has a negative impact on emotional but not cognitive functioning within individuals suffering from PCD after a mild TBI.

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Third Party Observers and Neuropsychological Test Performance: A Meta-Analysis

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e629922010-001 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Angela D. Eastvold ◽

Pamela M. Dean ◽

Heather Belanger ◽

Rodney D. Vanderploeg

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Third Party

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Supplemental Material for Neuropsychological Test Performance in Depressed and Nondepressed Collegiate Athletes Following Concussion

Neuropsychology ◽

10.1037/neu0000582.supp ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Collegiate Athletes

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Every second counts: A comparison of four dot counting test scoring procedures for detecting invalid neuropsychological test performance.

Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1037/pas0000970 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tasha Rhoads ◽

Zachary J. Resch ◽

Gabriel P. Ovsiew ◽

Daniel J. White ◽

Dayna A. Abramson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Test Scoring

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neuropsychological test performance in soldiers with blast-related mild TBI.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.3060962.2742061 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

James J Hill III

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Mild Tbi

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Halstead-Reitan Test Battery: A Problem of Differential Diagnosis

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/003151258005000249 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 611-630

Author(s):

Irmingard I. Lenzer

Keyword(s):

Brain Damage ◽

Test Performance ◽

Construct Validation ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Summary Score ◽

Test Battery ◽

Medical Patients ◽

Test Taking ◽

Limited Applicability ◽

Schizophrenic Patients

The Halstead-Reitan Test Battery is one of the most widely recognized neuropsychological test batteries. Many claims have been made as to its validity. Despite these claims, doubts persist. A critical review of the literature shows that the battery can separate brain-damaged patients from normal patients, general medical patients, and patients with certain psychiatric disorders. However, the battery cannot separate brain-damaged patients as a group from schizophrenics as a group, though in individual cases there may exist pathognomonic signs indicating brain damage. The impairment index, as a summary score of the basic tests, as well as other “methods of inference,” fail at this point. Four alternatives are discussed. First, brain-damaged patients differ from schizophrenic patients not in test performance but in test-taking behavior. Second, the battery is a valid measure of brain damage but has limited applicability. Third, the battery is a measure not of brain damage but of degree of degradation of psychological processes. And fourth, schizophrenics perform poorly on the battery because they have undetected brain damage. Only the third and fourth alternatives appear viable. Both question the validity of the traditional criteria of brain damage. It is argued that future validation studies of the battery should be of construct validation type and not of the criterion-oriented type, as these are defined by Cronbach and Meehl (1955). Possible procedures for construct validation are briefly discussed.

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Neuropsychological Test Performance in Framingham: A Descriptive Study

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294187060003-201.1 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 60 (3_part_2) ◽

pp. 1023-1040

Author(s):

Mary E. Farmer ◽

Lon R. White ◽

Steven J. Kittner ◽

Edith Kaplan ◽

Elizabeth Moes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Language Skills ◽

Community Sample ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Abstract Thinking ◽

Framingham Study ◽

Hearing Impairments

In 1976–1978, a battery of eight neuropsychologic tests was administered to 2,123 participants in the Framingham Study aged 55 to 89 yr. The battery was designed to sample multiple areas of cognitive function including language skills, memory, learning, reproduction of designs, attention, and abstract thinking. Performance is described for several groups in this population: a large community-dwelling sample, those with hearing impairments, and those with documented strokes. Performance is described by age, sex, and education strata for the community sample. This normative information should be useful for interpreting individual test performance on neuropsychological tests.

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