Neuropsychological Test Performance in Framingham: A Descriptive Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1040
Author(s):  
Mary E. Farmer ◽  
Lon R. White ◽  
Steven J. Kittner ◽  
Edith Kaplan ◽  
Elizabeth Moes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Framingham Study ◽  
Hearing Impairments

In 1976–1978, a battery of eight neuropsychologic tests was administered to 2,123 participants in the Framingham Study aged 55 to 89 yr. The battery was designed to sample multiple areas of cognitive function including language skills, memory, learning, reproduction of designs, attention, and abstract thinking. Performance is described for several groups in this population: a large community-dwelling sample, those with hearing impairments, and those with documented strokes. Performance is described by age, sex, and education strata for the community sample. This normative information should be useful for interpreting individual test performance on neuropsychological tests.

scholarly journals Neuropsychology of Illiteracy

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rosselli
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Cognitive Sequelae

It is proposed that analysis of illiteracy can not only discern the influence of schooling background on neuropsychological test performance, but also contributes to obtaining a better understanding about the cerebral organization of cognitive activity. Brain organization of cognition, and cognitive sequelae of brain pathology in illiterates are reviewed. It is concluded that: (1) cognitive abilities, as measured by standard neuropsychological tests, are significantly influenced by schooling background; and (2) educational and cultural variables may affect the degree (albeit, not the direction) of hemispheric dominance for language, and other cognitive abilities. A more bilateral representation of cognitive abilities in illiterates is hypothesized.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Test Performance Among Native and Non-Native Swedes: Second Language Effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stålhammar ◽  
Per Hellström ◽  
Carl Eckerström ◽  
Anders Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Score Interpretation ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Language Effects ◽  
Verbal Component

Abstract Objective We aimed to study second language effects on neuropsychological (NP) test performance. Method We administered an NP test battery in Swedish to 322 healthy community dwelling participants, recruited through the Gothenburg Pilot phase of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS Pilot). All participants were conversationally fluent Swedish speakers (237 native, 85 non-native, mean age 61.1 years). We compared the NP scores of native and non-native participants. We also investigated the influence of (a) age of arrival to Sweden, (b) majority language family of the birth country, and (c) proficiency in Swedish as assessed with a 30 item Boston naming test (BNT). Results Native speakers obtained better results on all NP tasks with a verbal component, whereas no significant differences were seen on completely nonverbal tasks (Rey complex figure). For non-native speakers, lower age at arrival to Sweden, arrival from a country where Swedish was also spoken, or arrival from a country with a majority language closer to Swedish, were all linked to better NP scores. Dichotomizing by BNT showed that normally-to-highly proficient non-native speakers obtained better scores. Conclusions Second language effects may contribute to misclassification of non-native speakers. Assumptions of fluency based on short conversations may be misleading. A proficiency assessment with BNT may improve NP score interpretation among non-native speakers.

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST PERFORMANCE IN FRAMINGHAM: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3c) ◽  
pp. 1023-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY E. FARMER ◽  
LON R. WHITE ◽  
STEVEN J. KITTNER ◽  
EDITH KAPLAN ◽  
ELIZABETH MOES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Descriptive Study

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Test Performance of Cognitively Healthy Centenarians: Normative data from the Dutch 100-plus Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Beker ◽  
Sietske A.M. Sikkes ◽  
Marc Hulsman ◽  
Ben Schmand ◽  
Philip Scheltens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe population who reaches the extreme age of 100 years is growing. At this age, dementia incidence is high and cognitive functioning is variable and influenced by sensory impairments. Appropriate cognitive testing requires normative data generated specifically for this group. Currently, these are lacking. We set out to generate norms for neuropsychological tests in cognitively healthy centenarians while taking sensory impairments into account.MethodsWe included 235 centenarians (71.5% female) from the 100-plus Study, who self-reported to be cognitively healthy, which was confirmed by an informant and a trained researcher. Normative data were generated for 15 tests that evaluate global cognition, pre-morbid intelligence, attention, language, memory, executive and visuo-spatial functions by multiple linear regressions and/or percentiles. Centenarians with vision and/or hearing impairments were excluded for tests that required these faculties.ResultsSubjects scored on average 25.6±3.1 (range 17-30, interquartile-range 24-28) points on the MMSE. Vision problems and fatigue often complicated the ability to complete tests, and these problems explained 41% and 22% of the missing test scores respectively, whereas hearing problems (4%) and task incomprehension (6%) only rarely did. Sex and age showed a limited association with test performance, whereas educational level was associated with performance on the majority of the tests.ConclusionsNormative data for the centenarian population is provided, while taking age-related sensory impairments into consideration. Results indicate that, next to vision impairments, fatigue and education level should be taken into account when assessing cognitive functioning in centenarians.

scholarly journals Age, education and gender effects on neuropsychological functions in healthy Indian older adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikesh Tripathi ◽  
Keshav Kumar ◽  
Srikala Bharath ◽  
P. Marimuthu ◽  
Mathew Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Low Education ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Educated

ABSTRACT It is essential to use culturally appropriate, sensitive and specific tests that reflect true cognitive performance. However, several factors including age, education and gender can influence neuropsychological test performance. Objective: To examine the effects of age, education and gender on neuropsychological function in older adults using measures of global cognitive screening, attention, working memory, executive functions, memory, construction, language and parietal focal signs. Methods: This is a cross sectional normative study of 180 community-dwelling normal older adults. All participants were screened with the Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE), Everyday Activities Scale for India (EASI), Edinburgh handedness inventory (EDI) and MINI Screen, and followed by a detailed neuropsychological assessment. Results: Stepwise regression analysis revealed that education was associated with better performance on all the neuropsychological tests. Females performed significantly better on measures of memory. Further, most of the illiterate subjects, including low educated participants, refused to cooperate on measures of executive functioning. Conclusion: Education was found to be the strongest determinant of neuropsychological test performance followed by age and gender. Our study demonstrates that Indian healthy normal older adults with low education perform poorly on measures of planning and working memory. Traditional measures of planning and working memory should be avoided or used cautiously in the presence of low education. There is an urgent need to develop tasks for measuring executive functions, especially in low educated Indian older adults.

scholarly journals Normative data for a brief neuropsychological battery administered to English- and Spanish-speaking community-dwelling elders

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURIE STRICKS ◽  
JOHN PITTMAN ◽  
DIANE M. JACOBS ◽  
MARY SANO ◽  
YAAKOV STERN
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Washington Heights

The use of neuropsychological tests in non-English-speaking populations and among those with less education has been limited because most tests have been standardized for English-speaking populations with relatively high levels of education. In effort to establish norms, a battery of neuropsychological tests was administered, in either English or Spanish, to 995 normal elders with a wide range of educational attainment, residing in the community of Washington Heights–Inwood in northern Manhattan. Results indicate that age, education, and language all influence test performance and should be considered when evaluating neuropsychological measures. (JINS, 1998, 4, 311–318.)

Neuropsychological test performance in Aruaco Indians: An exploratory study

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFREDO ARDILA ◽  
SONIA MORENO
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Cultural Assessment

A sample of 20 right-handed Aruaco Indians (12 male, 8 female; age 8–30 years) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia) participated in this study. A brief neuropsychological test battery (visuoconstructive and visuoperceptual abilities, memory, ideomotor praxis, verbal fluency, spatial abilities, concept formation) was individually administered. In addition, a handedness questionnaire was included. In some neuropsychological tests performance was virtually perfect (Recognition of Overlapped Figures and Ideomotor Praxis Ability test), whereas performance in other tests was impossible (e.g., Block Design using a time limit). It was proposed that two types of variables were significantly affecting performance: (1) educational level; and (2) cultural relevance. Some tests appeared significant and meaningful whereas others were meaningless and even impossible to understand. The appropriateness of current neuropsychological instruments for cross-cultural assessment is discussed. (JINS, 2001, 7, 510–515.)

Detection of dementia of the Alzheimer type in a population-based sample: Neuropsychological test performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Cahn ◽  
David P. Salmon ◽  
Nelson Butters ◽  
Wigbert C. Wiederholt ◽  
Jody Corey-Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Alzheimer Type

AbstractThe ability to detect dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) in a community-dwelling sample of elderly individuals on the basis of neuropsychological test performance was examined. Three hundred sixty community-dwelling individuals were identified by neurological examination as having probable or possible Alzheimer’s disease, being at risk for Alzheimer’s disease, or having no cognitive impairment. A logistic model comprised of tests of verbal and nonverbal memory, mental flexibility, and confrontation naming correctly classified 82% of DAT subjects and 98% of normal elderly subjects. The logistic model classified 77% of subjects who were diagnosed as at risk for Alzheimer's disease as being cognitively normal. A cross-validation with a clinically based sample of subjects correctly classified 89% of DAT patients and 100% of normal control subjects. The results suggest that psychometric discrimination of dementia may be less accurate in community-dwelling populations than in clinically based samples. (JINS, 1995, I, 252–260.)

The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS): methodology and baseline medical and neuropsychiatric characteristics of an elderly epidemiological non-demented cohort of Australians aged 70–90 years

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1248-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perminder S. Sachdev ◽  
Henry Brodaty ◽  
Simone Reppermund ◽  
Nicole A. Kochan ◽  
Julian N. Trollor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Ageing Study

ABSTRACTBackground:The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (Sydney MAS) was initiated in 2005 to examine the clinical characteristics and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and related syndromes, and to determine the rate of change in cognitive function over time.Methods:Non-demented community-dwelling individuals (N = 1037) aged 70–90 were recruited from two areas of Sydney, following a random approach to 8914 individuals on the electoral roll. They underwent detailed neuropsychiatric and medical assessments and donated a blood sample for clinical chemistry, proteomics and genomics. A knowledgeable informant was also interviewed. Structural MRI scans were performed on 554 individuals, and subgroups participated in studies of falls and balance, metabolic and inflammatory markers, functional MRI and prospective memory. The cohort is to be followed up with brief telephone reviews annually, and detailed assessments biannually.Results:This is a generally well-functioning cohort mostly living in private homes and rating their health as being better than average, although vascular risk factors are common. Most (95.5%) participants or their informants identified a cognitive difficulty, and 43.5% had impairment on at least one neuropsychological test. MCI criteria were met by 34.8%; with19.3% qualifying for amnestic MCI, whereas 15.5% had non-amnestic MCI; 1.6% had impairment on neuropsychological test performance but no subjective complaints; and 5.8% could not be classified. The rate of MCI was 30.9% in the youngest (70–75) and 39.1% in the oldest (85–90) age bands. Rates of depression and anxiety were 7.1% and 6.9% respectively.Conclusions:Cognitive complaints are common in the elderly, and nearly one in three meet criteria for MCI. Longitudinal follow-up of this cohort will delineate the progression of complaints and objective cognitive impairment, and the determinants of such change.

Can Localised Brain Impairment Be Simulated on Neuropsychological Test Profiles?

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Hayward ◽  
Wayne Hall ◽  
Michael Hunt ◽  
Stephen R. Zubrick
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Test Profiles

We asked 28 registered nurses with varying degrees of experience in working with neurological and neurosurgical patients to fake results on 10 neuropsychological tests in such a way as to be congruent with a history of trauma to the left fronto-temporal cortex. We compared these data to those obtained from 21 patients who had been referred with verified cerebral injury and who had a diagnosis of left fronto-temporal dysfunction. The overall hit rate of classification for the two groups was 85.7% and 89.8%, depending on the way in which test scores were combined. Results showed that a knowledgeable group of informed fakers had great difficulty reproducing the test performance of individuals with left fronto-temporal impairment.

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