Anxiety sensitivity: Relations to psychopathy, DSM-IV personality disorder features, and personality traits

Background. Psychiatric disorders are purported to play a role in the aetiology of violent crime, but evidence for their role in sexual offending is less clear. The authors investigated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and personality disorders in elderly incarcerated sex offenders compared with elderly non-sex offenders.Method. One hundred and one sex offenders and 102 non-sex offenders aged over 59 years were interviewed using standardized semi-structured interviews for psychiatric illness (the Geriatric Mental State) and the personality disorder (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV personality disorders). Data on demographic, offence and victim characteristics were collected.Results. Six per cent of the elderly sex offenders had a psychotic illness, 7% a DSM-IV major depressive episode and 33% a personality disorder; and 1% had dementia. These prevalence figures were not different from the elderly non-sex offenders interviewed in this study. Differences emerged at the level of personality traits with sex offenders having more schizoid, obsessive–compulsive, and avoidant traits, and fewer antisocial traits compared with non-sex offenders.Conclusions. Elderly sex offenders and non-sex-offenders have similar prevalence rates of mental illness. However, elderly sex offenders have increased schizoid, obsessive–compulsive, and avoidant personality traits, supporting the view that sex offending in the elderly is associated more with personality factors than mental illness or organic brain disease.

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Relating DSM-5 section III personality traits to section II personality disorder diagnoses

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291715002226 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 647-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

L. C. Morey ◽

K. T. Benson ◽

A. E. Skodol

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Alternative Model ◽

Work Group ◽

Taxonomic Structure ◽

Personality Functioning ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Criterion A ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundThe DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group formulated a hybrid dimensional/categorical model that represented personality disorders as combinations of core impairments in personality functioning with specific configurations of problematic personality traits. Specific clusters of traits were selected to serve as indicators for six DSM categorical diagnoses to be retained in this system – antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive–compulsive and schizotypal personality disorders. The goal of the current study was to describe the empirical relationships between the DSM-5 section III pathological traits and DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II personality disorder diagnoses.MethodData were obtained from a sample of 337 clinicians, each of whom rated one of his or her patients on all aspects of the DSM-IV and DSM-5 proposed alternative model. Regression models were constructed to examine trait–disorder relationships, and the incremental validity of core personality dysfunctions (i.e. criterion A features for each disorder) was examined in combination with the specified trait clusters.ResultsFindings suggested that the trait assignments specified by the Work Group tended to be substantially associated with corresponding DSM-IV concepts, and the criterion A features provided additional diagnostic information in all but one instance.ConclusionsAlthough the DSM-5 section III alternative model provided a substantially different taxonomic structure for personality disorders, the associations between this new approach and the traditional personality disorder concepts in DSM-5 section II make it possible to render traditional personality disorder concepts using alternative model traits in combination with core impairments in personality functioning.

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DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder Dysfunctional Personality Traits as Predictors of Self-Reported Aggression in an Italian Sample of Consecutively Admitted, Personality-Disordered Psychotherapy Patients

Journal of Personality Disorders ◽

10.1521/pedi_2019_33_430 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonella Somma ◽

Robert F. Krueger ◽

Kristian E. Markon ◽

Valentina B. M. Alajmo ◽

Emanuela Arlotta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Physical Aggression ◽

Alternative Model ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Personality Disordered

In order to assess the relationships between DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) maladaptive personality traits and self-reports of aggression, 508 Italian adult participants who met at least one DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II personality disorder (PD) diagnosis were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Analysis results showed that multiple regression results, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking trait scale scores explained a large amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression (PA) scores. Moreover, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking explained more than 20% of the variance in the AQ Physical Aggression scale scores that was left unexplained by selected continuously scored DSM-IV Axis II/ DSM-5 Section II PDs, whereas SCID-II Paranoid, Narcissistic, Borderline, and Antisocial PDs added only 4% of variance to the amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression scores that was already explained by the PID-5 trait scale scores.

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Personality traits in social phobia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00555-7 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 143-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

I. Marteinsdottir ◽

T. Furmark ◽

M. Tillfors ◽

M. Fredrikson ◽

L. Ekselius

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Indirect Aggression ◽

Normative Sample ◽

Avoidant Personality Disorder ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

The Social ◽

Axis I ◽

Dsm Iv

SummaryThe purpose was to assess personality traits in subjects with a DSM-IV diagnosis of social phobia. Thirty-two subjects were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for Axes I and II disorders (SCID I and II). Personality traits were assessed by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Current and lifetime axis I co-morbidity was diagnosed in 28% and 53% of the subjects, respectively. In total, 59% had at least one personality disorder and 47% were diagnosed with an avoidant personality disorder.The social phobics scored significantly higher than a Swedish normative sample on the KSP measuring anxiety proneness, irritability, detachment, and indirect aggression but lower on the scales for socialisation and social desirability. The presence as compared to absence of avoidant personality disorder in the social phobics was associated with significantly higher psychic anxiety and inhibition of aggression. In addition, symptom severity was higher in social phobics with an avoidant personality disorder. Generally, the results support the view that social phobia and avoidant personality disorder reflect different aspects of a social anxiety spectrum.

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Personality Disorders in the DSM-5: Proposed Revisions and Critiques

Journal of Mental Health Counseling ◽

10.17744/mehc.34.1.w3364g3u72541724 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emily Good

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Personality Functioning ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Categorical Model ◽

Dsm Iv

This article discusses the Personality and Personality Disorder Work Group's proposed changes for Personality Disorders in the DSM-5: (a) adoption of a hybrid dimensional-categorical model; (b) utilization of 6 personality disorder types instead of the previous 10 personality disorders; (c) addition of personality traits and facets to define personality disorders; (d) addition of a rating scale for levels of personality functioning; (e) revised diagnostic criteria; and (f) the collapsing of Axes I, II, and III. Also discussed are ways in which the DSM-5 proposals are reactions to criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) and criticisms of the proposed changes.

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