D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) polymorphism is associated with severity of alcohol dependence

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Connor ◽  
R.McD. Young ◽  
B.R. Lawford ◽  
T.L. Ritchie ◽  
E.P. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
D2 Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Drd2 Gene ◽  
Allele Status ◽  
Alcohol Detoxification ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

SummaryThe A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene has been associated with alcohol dependence. However, the expression of this allele risk on the severity of drinking behavior in patients with alcohol dependence has not been systematically explored. The present study examines the association between DRD2 A1+(A1/A1 and A1/A2 genotypes) and A1– (A2/A2 genotype) allele status and key drinking parameters in alcohol-dependent patients. A sample of Caucasian adults was recruited from an alcohol detoxification unit. A clinical interview and the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) questionnaire provided data on consumption, dependence, chronology of drinking and prior detoxification. A1+ allele compared to A1– allele patients consumed higher quantities of alcohol, commenced problem drinking at an earlier age, experienced a shorter latency between first introduction to alcohol to the onset of problem drinking and had higher ADS scores. Moreover, A1+ allele patients had more detoxification attempts than their A1– allele counterparts. In sum, alcohol-dependent patients with the DRD2 A1 allele compared to patients without this allele are characterized by greater severity of their disorder across a range of problem drinking indices. The implications of these findings are discussed.

The DRD2 gene and the risk for alcohol dependence in bipolar patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gorwood ◽  
F. Bellivier ◽  
J. Adès ◽  
M. Leboyer
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
D2 Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Drd2 Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Bipolar Patients

SummaryThe high co-morbidity between bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence may have different explanations, one of them being the existence of common genetic factors for the two disorders. Several candidate genes may be involved but the genes acting in the dopaminergic pathway may be more specifically involved. We have thus tested the role of the gene encoding the D2 dopamine receptor (TaqI A1 allele) in the potentially shared vulnerability to alcohol dependence and bipolar disorder.One hundred and twenty-two French (for at least two generations) patients were recruited on the basis of hospital or outpatient files and were interviewed with the DIGS. The A1 allele frequencies were compared between four groups, namely, with bipolar patients and co-morbid alcohol dependence (N = 21), with bipolar patients without alcohol morbidity (N = 31), with alcohol dependence without mood disorder (N = 35) and unaffected controls (N = 35).The Hardy Weinberg equilibrium for the DRD2 Taq1 A1 genotypes was respected for the sample as a whole, and for each subsample. We observed that 42.9% of control subjects have at least one A1 allele, a frequency which is not significantly different from the one observed in the affected sample as a whole (39.1%), neither from patients with alcohol dependence (37.1%), patients with bipolar disorder (48.4%) nor patients with alcohol dependence and bipolar disorder (28.6%). The regression analysis based on the three variables (bipolar disorder, alcohol dependence and interaction between these two disorders) does not explain the presence of the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene.We thus found no evidence for a significant role of the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene in the specific association between bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence in our sample.

scholarly journals A Seizure Attributed to Ofloxacine in a Woman Undergoing Detoxification for Alcohol Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Lahmek ◽  
Laurent Michel ◽  
Nadine Meunier ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Detoxification ◽  
Oral Ofloxacin ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Objective. To report one case of seizure following administration of ofloxacin.Case Summary. A 38-year-old woman with alcohol dependence but no prior history of seizure disorder admitted in our inpatient alcohol detoxification program was prescribed ofloxacin four days after admission for a lower urinary tract infection. She was currently prescribed diazepam 30 mg per day. This treatment was continued without modification following admission. Forty eight hours after starting ofloxacin and after receiving five doses of oral ofloxacin, the patient experienced a seizure. Ofloxacin treatment was stopped and no further seizures occurred. Neurological examination of the patient, laboratory tests, computerized tomography with contrast enhancement and electroencephalography did not detect any abnormalities. Up to the last consultation, six months after admission, the patient has reported no recurrence of the seizure.Discussion. Quinolone antibiotics vary in their ability to induce seizures, with ofloxacin having one of the least potentials. In the present case, the seizure could be attributed in all probability to taking ofloxacin; since she had no previous history of seizures, she did not present an alcohol withdrawal syndrome, benzodiazepine treatment was not modified, the seizure occurred 48 h after taking ofloxacin, but seven days after stopping drinking, no alternative aetiologies for the seizure could be identified and no seizure recurrence was reported over the following seven months. Of reported cases of seizures in patients treated with fluoroquinolones, none concerned patients with alcohol dependence or patients treated with benzodiazepines.Conclusions. The present case alerts us to the possibility that seizures may occur in alcohol dependent patients treated with benzodiazepines who concomitantly prescribed a fluoroquinolone. These widely-used antibiotics should thus be prescribed with caution to patients undergoing detoxification for alcohol dependence, particularly if they are also taking benzodiazepines, irrespective of whether they have a previous history of seizures or not.

Family Burden in Alcohol Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Paparrigopoulos ◽  
E. Tzavellas ◽  
D. Karaiskos ◽  
N. Stefanis ◽  
I. Mourikis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Alcohol Detoxification ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Supportive Intervention ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Objective:There are no published data on how family burden changes over time in alcoholism. We present 6-month follow-up data on the burden of families of alcohol dependent individuals.Methods:The sample comprised 87 caregivers (63 females, 24 males) of alcohol dependent individuals who completed a 4-6 week inpatient alcohol detoxification in the Specialized Drug and Alcohol Addiction Clinic at the Eginition Hospital, Athens University Medical School. During hospitalization, a brief supportive intervention for the relatives took place. After detoxification all participants were followed-up as outpatients for a 6-month period in an affiliated service. Burden and psychopathology of caregivers were assessed with the Burden of Care Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). T-tests for paired samples were used for comparisons between different time points (admission-discharge-six months). A logistic regression model was used to identify factors which influence relatives’ relief.Results:Caregivers exhibited high scores of burden in terms of financial, household, interpersonal relations and parental roles at admission; mild psychopathological symptoms were also recorded. By the end of detoxification scores significantly decreased in most relatives (admission vs. discharge, p< .000); this improvement was determined by the patients’ soberness.Conclusions:Alcohol dependence may have a considerable impact on family interaction as shown by the high scores of burden and mild psychopathology recorded in the caregivers. Our findings suggest that the relatives’ relief was dependent on the achievement of abstinence and the number of relapses. Therefore, a brief supportive intervention is recommended.

scholarly journals Alcohol Problems among Prisoners: Subgroup Variations, Concurrent Drug Problems, and Treatment Needs

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hilde Pape ◽  
Ingeborg Rossow ◽  
Anne Bukten
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Alcohol problems in the prison population are understudied, underdetected, and undertreated. Our aims were to identify subgroups of inmates whose pre-prison drinking behavior indicated a high need for alcohol-related interventions, to assess the prevalence of concurrent alcohol and drug problems, and to compare dual-dependent inmates and those who were alcohol-dependent alone with respect to the severity of their drinking problems. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data stemmed from the nationwide Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) study. Both male (<i>n</i> = 1,356) and female (<i>n</i> = 90) inmates took part in the study, representing about 40% of the prison population in Norway at the time of the data collection (2013–2014). Pre-prison substance use problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A majority (55%) had an AUDIT positive screen (score ≥8), which is indicative of alcohol problems of some severity, and 18% were possible alcohol-dependent (score ≥20). A positive screen was associated with younger age, lower education, violent offending, driving while intoxicated (DWI), and previous criminal convictions. Two-thirds (68%) of those who screened positive on the AUDIT had also a DUDIT positive screen (score ≥6), and a similar overlap between possible alcohol dependence and possible drug dependence (score ≥25) was observed. Inmates with possible dual dependence (12% of all) had higher mean scores on the AUDIT than those with possible alcohol dependence only (7% of all). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> More than half of the prisoners in Norway had AUDIT scores that indicated they could benefit from alcohol-related interventions, and the prevalence was elevated in younger, less educated groups of previously convicted DWI, and violent offenders. Alcohol problems were most often combined with drug problems, and possible dual dependence was associated with particularly severe drinking problems.

D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene, P300, and personality in children of alcoholics

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Antolin ◽  
Steven M. Berman ◽  
Bradley T. Conner ◽  
Tulin Z. Ozkaragoz ◽  
Courtney L. Sheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Children Of Alcoholics ◽  
D2 Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Drd2 Gene

scholarly journals Heavy nicotine and alcohol use in alcohol dependence is associated with D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) polymorphism

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Connor ◽  
Ross McD. Young ◽  
Bruce R. Lawford ◽  
John B. Saunders ◽  
Terry L. Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
D2 Dopamine Receptor

The A1 allele of the DRD2 gene (TaqI A polymorphisms) is associated with antisocial personality in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ponce ◽  
M.A Jimenez-Arriero ◽  
G Rubio ◽  
J Hoenicka ◽  
I Ampuero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Drd2 Gene ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

AbstractBackground. –Presence of A1 allele of the DRD2 gene has been associated with a predisposition for alcoholism although there are limited data about its phenotypic expression in alcoholism.Objectives. –To determine the importance of the A1 allele in clinical variables of alcohol dependence.Methodology. –A sample of 103 alcohol-dependent males was studied. All patients were recruited consecutively from the general hospital and community settings. The diagnostics were made with the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID); and the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). Diagnosis of family alcoholism was made by direct interview or with the Research Diagnostic Criteria-Family History (RDC-FH). The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Scale (SADS) were used to assess alcohol dependence severity. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods.Results. –Approximately 39% of the sample carried the A1 allele (A1+ group). This group had higher prevalences of antisocial personality disorder (60% vs. 15.9%); and alcoholism family history (72.5% vs. 52.4%). Also A1+ had early onset alcohol abuse and more drinking problems. The presence of A1+ was the main factor to explain the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, but the weight of this factor was not sufficient to explain the complications assessed by the ASI.Conclusions. –Our results support the existence of an association between the A1 allele and factors resulting from dopaminergic deficiency, otherwise denominated reward deficiency syndrome.

Association between dopamine receptor D3 gene BalI polymorphism and cognitive impulsiveness in alcohol-dependent men

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Limosin ◽  
L. Romo ◽  
P. Batel ◽  
J. Adès ◽  
C. Boni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Specific Subgroup ◽  
Drd3 Gene ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

AbstractThe gene coding for the dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) is considered as a major candidate gene in various addictive disorders. Association studies in alcohol-dependence for this gene are nevertheless controversial. We made the hypothesis that phenotypical heterogeneity of alcohol-dependence (i.e. the DRD3 gene is a vulnerability gene in a specific subgroup of patients only) could explain these spurious findings, focusing on a core dimension of addictive disorders, namely impulsiveness. In our sample of 108 French alcohol-dependent patients, patients above the median value for cognitive impulsiveness (one of the three dimensions of the Barratt scale) were more frequently heterozygous than both alcohol-dependent patients with lower impulsiveness (OR = 2.51, P = 0.019) and than 71 healthy controls (OR = 2.32, P = 0.025). Age at interview, antisocial personality disorder, other comorbid addictive disorder, age at onset of alcohol-dependence, and lifetime mood disorders did not constitute confusing intermediate factors.

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