Ethnic variation in emotion regulation: do cultural differences end where psychopathology begins?

IntroductionEmotion regulation (ER) via cognitive reappraisal (CR) has been shown to be superior to the use of expressive suppression (ES) in terms of several aspects of mental well-being. However, a cultural perspective suggests that the consequences of ES may be moderated by cultural values (Western/individualistic vs. Eastern/collectivistic values).ObjectiveTo test this hypothesis that ES may be associated with better outcomes in collectivistic cultures (e.g. Turkey) than in individualistic cultures (e.g. Germany) not only in healthy individuals but also in patients with mental disorders.AimThis study aims to gather knowledge to what extent associations of ER strategies and mental health are universal or rather culturally specific.MethodsWe investigated healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 30) German women and healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 30) Turkish immigrants living in Germany. Groups were compared in terms of frequency of ER strategies (CR and ES) and their consequences for different aspects of mental well-being.ResultsHealthy Turkish immigrants exhibited a greater ER flexibility (frequent use of ES plus frequent use of CR) what was associated with more positive outcomes of ES in Turkish than in German women. None of these differences were found between patient samples, both of which showed a greater use of ES than CR.ConclusionsResults suggest that cultural moderation of ES consequences are associated with a greater ER flexibility in healthy Turkish individuals. Depressed Turkish patients may not profit from ES due to their more rigid use of ES.

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Effect of an Emotion Regulation Training Program on Mental Well-Being

International Journal of Group Psychotherapy ◽

10.1080/00207284.2016.1203585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 108-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sara LeBlanc ◽

Bilge Uzun ◽

Katere Pourseied ◽

Changiz Mohiyeddini

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Training Program ◽

Well Being ◽

Mental Well Being

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Emotion Regulation and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Subjective Well-being in Doctors

Management and Labour Studies ◽

10.1177/0258042x19894084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Prachi Sharma ◽

Urmila Rani Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Well Being ◽

Future Research ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Specialty Hospitals ◽

Intrinsic Job Satisfaction

This study examined the role of emotion regulation and job satisfaction in predicting affective (positive and negative affect) and cognitive (life satisfaction) components of subjective well-being (SWB) in doctors. The predictors used were the dimensions of job satisfaction—intrinsic, extrinsic job satisfaction as well as the total score of job satisfaction and the following dimensions of intra-personal emotion regulation—cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The participants included in the study were doctors from multi-specialty hospitals in Gurgaon district of Haryana. A total of 102 doctors were included in the study using convenience sampling. Correlational and step-wise multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the predictions. The results of the analysis confirmed the predictions as intrinsic job satisfaction and cognitive reappraisal significantly and positively predicted life satisfaction. The findings were discussed in the light of available research along with implications of the study and possible avenues for future research.

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Creating an Internal Environment of Cognitive and Psycho-Emotional Well-Being through an External Movement-Based Environment: An Overview of Quadrato Motor Training

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16122160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 2160 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Antonio De Fano ◽

Rotem Leshem ◽

Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Emotional State ◽

Well Being ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Motor Training ◽

Emotional States ◽

Sensorimotor Training ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Movement Training ◽

Mental Well Being

In this overview, we discuss the internal and external environmental factors associated with cognitive and psycho-emotional well-being in the context of physical activity and Mindful Movement. Our key argument is that improved cognitive and emotional functions associated with mental well-being can be achieved by an external, Mindful Movement-based environment training called Quadrato Motor Training (QMT). QMT is a structured sensorimotor training program aimed at improving coordination, attention, and emotional well-being through behavioral, electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, and molecular changes. In accordance with this argument, we first describe the general neurobiological mechanisms underpinning emotional states and emotion regulation. Next, we review the relationships between QMT, positive emotional state, and increased emotion regulation, and discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these relationships. We consider the relationships between motion, emotion, and cognition, and highlight the need for integrated training paradigms involving these three trajectories. Such training paradigms provide cognitively engaging exercises to improve emotion regulation, which in turn affects adaptive behaviors. Finally, we address the broader implications of improving cognitive and emotional functioning through Mindful Movement training for environmental research and public health.

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Emotion Regulation: Antecedents and Well-Being Outcomes of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression in Cross-Cultural Samples

Journal of Happiness Studies ◽

10.1007/s10902-007-9080-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 271-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

Silje Marie Haga ◽

Pål Kraft ◽

Emma-Kate Corby

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Expressive Suppression

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Exploring Emotion Regulation and Perceived Control as Antecedents of Anxiety and Its Consequences During Covid-19 Full Remote Learning

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.675910 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ting Zhao ◽

Zongmei Fu ◽

Xi Lian ◽

Linning Ye ◽

Wei Huang

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Well Being ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Perceived Learning ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Remote Learning

Maintaining the emotional well-being of learners during a pandemic is important. This study explored the effects of two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression) and perceived control on full remote learners' anxiety during Covid-19, and their relationship to perceived learning. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze 239 questionnaires completed by Chinese graduate students taking a course remotely from home for 13 weeks. This study showed that reappraisal was positively related to perceived control, whereas suppression was negatively related to perceived control. Reappraisers perceived more learning, whereas suppressors experienced more anxiety. Anxiety was significantly and negatively related to perceived learning. Mediation analyses showed the existence of different patterns of mediation in the pathways from the two types of emotion regulation to perceived learning. These findings are discussed in relation to relevant studies conducted during non-pandemic periods and Covid-19, and based on the results we highlight the need for interventions aimed at developing adaptive emotion regulation strategies and reducing anxiety in emergency remote learning.

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Psychological Well-Being, Stress, and Emotion Regulation in First Year College Student during COVID-19

JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi ◽

10.21009/jppp.101.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 51-64

Author(s):

Aditya Gunawan ◽

Dini Rahma Bintari

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

College Student ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Well Being ◽

First Year ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

First Year College

Stres merupakan salah satu reaksi psikologis yang menyertai mahasiswa selama pandemic COVID-19. Tingkat stres dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa. Terdapat penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang menemukan hubungan antara regulasi emosi dengan stres maupun kesejahteraan psikologis, dimana tingkat stress yang tinggi akan menurunkan kesejahteraan psikologis dan regulasi emosi mampu mengurangi stress serta menjaga kesejahteraan psikologis individu. Strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression dan cognitive reappraisal diartikan sebagai cara individu dalam mempengaruhi, merasakan, serta mengekspresikan emosi yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression dan cognitive reappraisal sebagai moderator antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis. Sebanyak 119 mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia 2020 terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Stres diukur menggunakan Perceived Stres Scale-10 for COVID-19 (PSS-10-C); regulasi emosi diukur menggunakan Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ); dan kesejahteraan psikologis diukur menggunakan Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being (RPWB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) stres dapat menjadi prediktor kesejahteraan psikologis secara signifikan; (2) strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression signifikan dalam memperkuat hubungan negatif antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis; (3) strategi regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal signifikan dalam memperlemah hubungan negatif antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis.

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Emotion Regulation Strategy Usage Explains Links Between Institutional Caregiving and Elevated Internalizing Symptoms

10.31234/osf.io/6dnkf ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yael Haya Waizman ◽

Adriana Sofia Méndez Leal ◽

Joao F Guassi Moreira ◽

Natalie Marie Saragosa-Harris ◽

Emilia Ninova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Early Adversity ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽

Institutionalized Youth ◽

The Relationship

Early adversity, including institutional orphanage care, is associated with the development of internalizing disorders. Previous research suggests that institutionalization can disrupt emotion regulation processes, which contribute to internalizing symptoms. However, no prior work has investigated how early orphanage care shapes emotion regulation strategy usage (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression) and whether said strategy usage contributes to internalizing symptoms. The present study probed emotion regulation strategy usage and internalizing symptoms in a sample of 36 previously institutionalized and 58 comparison youth. As hypothesized, previously institutionalized youth exhibited higher rates of internalizing symptoms than comparison youth, and more frequent use of suppression partially accounted for the relationship between early institutional care and elevated internalizing symptoms. Contrary to our initial hypotheses, reappraisal use did not buffer previously institutionalized or comparison youth against internalizing symptoms. Our findings highlight the potential utility of targeting emotion regulation strategy usage in adversity-exposed youth in future intervention work.

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Reflective Functioning of Refugee Mothers with Children Born of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082873 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2873

Author(s):

Kimberley Anderson ◽

Elisa van Ee

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Reflective Functioning ◽

Well Being ◽

Average Score ◽

Pilot Data ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

Qualitative Analyses

The ability of a parent to step back from their own experiences in order to understand those of their child, reflective functioning (RF), can be impacted by myriad factors. We explored RF among refugee mothers in the context of having a child born of sexual violence (CBSV). A sample of 10 mothers now residing in the Netherlands, both with (n = 5) and without (n = 5) a CBSV, were interviewed, seeking to explore parents’ representations of their children, themselves as parents, and their relationship with their children. After deriving a score of RF, interview narratives were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis. An ordinary level of reflective functioning was identified in this sample overall (average score 4.5); which was reduced in the group with CBSV (average score 3.0). Trends within the qualitative analyses indicated that emotion regulation and ambivalence as well as parenting challenges are factors that affect RF capabilities for mothers with CBSV. Wider findings show that the asylum process and mental well-being also impinge on RF capabilities. Experiences of having a CBSV as well as those pertaining to being a refugee appear to interact and impact reflective functioning for some mothers. Further investigation would add weight to this pilot data.

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