Emotion Regulation: Antecedents and Well-Being Outcomes of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression in Cross-Cultural Samples

This study examined the role of emotion regulation and job satisfaction in predicting affective (positive and negative affect) and cognitive (life satisfaction) components of subjective well-being (SWB) in doctors. The predictors used were the dimensions of job satisfaction—intrinsic, extrinsic job satisfaction as well as the total score of job satisfaction and the following dimensions of intra-personal emotion regulation—cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The participants included in the study were doctors from multi-specialty hospitals in Gurgaon district of Haryana. A total of 102 doctors were included in the study using convenience sampling. Correlational and step-wise multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the predictions. The results of the analysis confirmed the predictions as intrinsic job satisfaction and cognitive reappraisal significantly and positively predicted life satisfaction. The findings were discussed in the light of available research along with implications of the study and possible avenues for future research.

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Psychological Well-Being, Stress, and Emotion Regulation in First Year College Student during COVID-19

JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi ◽

10.21009/jppp.101.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 51-64

Author(s):

Aditya Gunawan ◽

Dini Rahma Bintari

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

College Student ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Well Being ◽

First Year ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

First Year College

Stres merupakan salah satu reaksi psikologis yang menyertai mahasiswa selama pandemic COVID-19. Tingkat stres dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa. Terdapat penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang menemukan hubungan antara regulasi emosi dengan stres maupun kesejahteraan psikologis, dimana tingkat stress yang tinggi akan menurunkan kesejahteraan psikologis dan regulasi emosi mampu mengurangi stress serta menjaga kesejahteraan psikologis individu. Strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression dan cognitive reappraisal diartikan sebagai cara individu dalam mempengaruhi, merasakan, serta mengekspresikan emosi yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression dan cognitive reappraisal sebagai moderator antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis. Sebanyak 119 mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia 2020 terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Stres diukur menggunakan Perceived Stres Scale-10 for COVID-19 (PSS-10-C); regulasi emosi diukur menggunakan Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ); dan kesejahteraan psikologis diukur menggunakan Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being (RPWB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) stres dapat menjadi prediktor kesejahteraan psikologis secara signifikan; (2) strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression signifikan dalam memperkuat hubungan negatif antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis; (3) strategi regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal signifikan dalam memperlemah hubungan negatif antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis.

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Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response self-reporters showed higher scores for cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11474

Author(s):

Ricardo Morales ◽

Daniela Ramírez-Benavides ◽

Mario Villena-Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Well Being ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Psychological Constructs ◽

Tingling Sensation ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Sound Sensitivity

Background Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) describes the experience of a pleasant tingling sensation along the back of the head, accompanied with a feeling of well-being and relaxation, in response to specific audio-visual stimuli, such as whispers, soft sounds, and personal attention. Previous works have assessed individual variations in personality traits associated with ASMR, but no research to date has explored differences in emotion regulation associated with ASMR. This omission occurred even when ASMR, a sensory-emotional experience, has been proposed to be located in a sound sensitivity spectrum as the opposite end of misophonia, a phenomenon associated with difficulties regulating emotions. The present work aimed to assess group differences between ASMR self-reporters and non-ASMR controls associated with emotion regulation strategies. Methods We used the validated Spanish version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess individual differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Results Our results showed that participants who experience ASMR had higher scores in the cognitive reappraisal subscale of the emotion regulation questionnaire than the non-ASMR group. Conclusions Individuals who experience ASMR reported higher use of cognitive reevaluation of emotionally arousing situations, suggesting more effectiveness in regulating emotions. Our finding further elucidates individual differences related to this experience, supporting that ASMR is a real psychophysiological phenomenon associated with other psychological constructs and has remarkable consequences in affective/emotional dimensions and general well-being.

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Emotion regulation contributes to the well-being of patients with autoimmune diseases through illness-related emotions: A prospective study

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105318787010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (13-14) ◽

pp. 2096-2105 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evangelos C Karademas ◽

Georgia Dimitraki ◽

Emmanouil Papastefanakis ◽

Georgia Ktistaki ◽

Argyro Repa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Well Being ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Relationship Of

This prospective study aimed to examine whether illness-related negative emotions mediate the relationship of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression to the well-being of 99 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis. After adjusting for disease and patient-related parameters, only cognitive reappraisal was associated with physical and psychological well-being through emotions. Expressive suppression was associated with psychological well-being only for patients reporting less use of cognitive reappraisal. These results underscore the need for prospective studies that will investigate the long-term impact of emotion regulation on adaptation to chronic illness and the conditions under which this impact takes place.

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Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression relate differentially to longitudinal structural brain development across adolescence

10.31234/osf.io/xw7ua ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lia Ferschmann ◽

Nandita Vijayakumar ◽

Håkon Grydeland ◽

Knut Overbye ◽

Kathryn L. Mills ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Well Being ◽

Structural Development ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

The Brain

Emotional disorders commonly emerge in adolescence, a period characterized by changes in emotion-related processes. Thus, the ability to regulate emotions is crucial for well-being and adaptive social functioning during this period. Concurrently, the brain undergoes large structural and functional changes. We investigated relations between tendencies to use two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and structural development of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures (specifically amygdala and nucleus accumbens given these structures are frequently associated with emotion regulation). A total of 112 participants (59 females) aged 8-26 were followed for up to 3 times over a 7-year period, providing 272 observations. Participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), yielding a measure of tendencies to use cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression at the final time point. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to account for the longitudinal nature of the data. Contrary to expectations, volumetric growth of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens was not associated with either emotion regulation strategy. However, frequent use of expressive suppression was linked to greater regionally-specific apparent cortical thinning in both sexes, while tendency to use cognitive reappraisal was associated with greater regionally-specific apparent thinning in females and less thinning in males. Although cognitive reappraisal is traditionally associated with cognitive control regions of the brain, our results suggest it is also associated with regions involved in social cognition and semantics. The continued changes in cortical morphology and their associations with habitual use of different emotion regulation strategies indicate continued plasticity during this period, and represent an opportunity for interventions targeting emotion regulation for adolescents at risk.

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Supplemental Material for Genetic and Environmental Influences on Emotion Regulation: A Twin Study of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression

Emotion ◽

10.1037/emo0000300.supp ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Twin Study ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Expressive Suppression

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Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2018.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Eliana Silva ◽

Teresa Freire ◽

Susana Faria

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Daily Life ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

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Ethnic variation in emotion regulation: do cultural differences end where psychopathology begins?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72152-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 445-445

Author(s):

E.A. Arens ◽

N. Balkir ◽

S. Barnow

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Well Being ◽

Ethnic Variation ◽

Cultural Perspective ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Turkish Immigrants ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Turkish Patients ◽

Mental Well Being

IntroductionEmotion regulation (ER) via cognitive reappraisal (CR) has been shown to be superior to the use of expressive suppression (ES) in terms of several aspects of mental well-being. However, a cultural perspective suggests that the consequences of ES may be moderated by cultural values (Western/individualistic vs. Eastern/collectivistic values).ObjectiveTo test this hypothesis that ES may be associated with better outcomes in collectivistic cultures (e.g. Turkey) than in individualistic cultures (e.g. Germany) not only in healthy individuals but also in patients with mental disorders.AimThis study aims to gather knowledge to what extent associations of ER strategies and mental health are universal or rather culturally specific.MethodsWe investigated healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 30) German women and healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 30) Turkish immigrants living in Germany. Groups were compared in terms of frequency of ER strategies (CR and ES) and their consequences for different aspects of mental well-being.ResultsHealthy Turkish immigrants exhibited a greater ER flexibility (frequent use of ES plus frequent use of CR) what was associated with more positive outcomes of ES in Turkish than in German women. None of these differences were found between patient samples, both of which showed a greater use of ES than CR.ConclusionsResults suggest that cultural moderation of ES consequences are associated with a greater ER flexibility in healthy Turkish individuals. Depressed Turkish patients may not profit from ES due to their more rigid use of ES.

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The Relationship Between Cognitive Reappraisal and Psychological Well-Being during Early Adolescence: A Scoping Review Protocol

10.31234/osf.io/k3rs2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Shum ◽

Samantha Dockray ◽

Jennifer McMahon

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Well Being ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Early adolescence has been defined as a sensitive developmental period for psychological well-being. As children transition into early adolescence, they begin to regulate their emotions independently of their caregivers and they integrate cognitive processes into their emotion regulation. Brain maturation during early adolescence facilitates the emotion regulation strategy of cognitive reappraisal, whereby adolescents develop the ability to change how they think about an emotion-evoking stimulus to then change how they feel in any given moment. The development of cognitive reappraisal has been found to improve psychological well-being among adults. However, there has been a lack of empirical research identifying the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and psychological well-being among early adolescents. As such, there is a need to highlight gaps in knowledge and to identify and summarise the key findings that have examined cognitive reappraisal and psychological well-being during early adolescence.Methods: The current scoping review will adhere to the guidelines of Arksey and O’Malleys’ scoping review methodology (2005). Five research databases (PsychArticles, PsychINFO, EBSCO, ERIC and Education Source) and two unpublished/grey literature databases (NICE-UK and OpenGrey) will be used to identify relevant literature. Two independent reviewers will then screen the identified studies in accordance with pre-specified eligibility criteria and extract data based on evidence source characteristics, and details regarding the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and psychological well-being. The data will then be charted, organised into main findings and presented as a narrative summary.Discussion: The findings from the scoping review will give an overview of the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and psychological well-being among early adolescents and provide future directions to account for gaps in the research. The results will be disseminated through journals, conferences, blogs and podcasts related to adolescent development, adolescent health and emotion regulation.

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Reduced effective emotion regulation in night owls.

10.31234/osf.io/4jxb5 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ray Norbury

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Self Report ◽

Quality Trait ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Specific Emotion ◽

Depression Symptomatology ◽

Age Range

Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated using multiple regression. Two hundred and fourty participants (age range 18- 80, 189 females) completed validated self-report questionnaires assaying chronotype, neuroticism, depression symptomatology, sleep quality and emotion regulation. Eveningness was associated increased expressive suppression and morningness was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, neuroticism and sleep quality. Trait expressive suppression and reduced cognitive reappraisal are known to increase depression risk. Our results suggest that eveningness is associated with impaired emotion regulation which may confer risk for future depression. These findings suggest modifiable markers that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the onset of depression in late chronotype individuals.

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