Maternal depression during pregnancy: An early life stressor for the fetus?

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. S204-S205
Author(s):  
C. Jairaj ◽  
N. O’Leary ◽  
V. O’Keane
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
Early Life Stressor

The Neurochemistry and Epigenetics of PTSD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Post
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Acute Stress Reaction ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
The Common ◽  
Early Life Stressor ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

This chapter reviews the neurochemistry and epigenetics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Traditional views of the neurochemistry of PTSD focus on alterations in classical central nervous system neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine and pathological reactivity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and these are only briefly noted here. Instead, the chapter emphasizes a series of new conceptualizations and neurochemical data that have recently been elucidated. One is the recognition of the symptoms and neurobiology of PTSD as a moving target, being very different in different stages of illness evolution. Differences are apparent in the neurochemistry involved in early life stressor-related vulnerabilities to PTSD, the acute stress reaction, compensation and resolution phases, or ongoing chronicity with sleep disturbance, nightmares, flashbacks, hyperarousal, and dulling and depression. The neurochemical abnormalities vary as a function of this temporal unfolding and the common acquisition and progression of comorbid syndromes of alcohol and substance abuse.

Alcohol as an early life stressor: Epigenetics, metabolic, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 654-668
Author(s):  
Stefania Ciafrè ◽  
Giampiero Ferraguti ◽  
Antonio Greco ◽  
Antonella Polimeni ◽  
Massimo Ralli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
Early Life Stressor

scholarly journals Growth in early life and the development of obesity by age 9 years: are there critical periods and a role for an early life stressor?

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Giles ◽  
M J Whitrow ◽  
A R Rumbold ◽  
C E Davies ◽  
B de Stavola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
Early Life Stressor

scholarly journals Maternal Depression, Child Temperament, and Early-Life Stress Predict Never-Depressed Preadolescents’ Functional Connectivity During a Negative-Mood Induction

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110164
Author(s):  
Pan Liu ◽  
Matthew R. J. Vandermeer ◽  
Ola Mohamed Ali ◽  
Andrew R. Daoust ◽  
Marc F. Joanisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Cingulate Cortex

Understanding the development of depression can inform etiology and prevention/intervention. Maternal depression and maladaptive patterns of temperament (e.g., low positive emotionality [PE] or high negative emotionality, especially sadness) are known to predict depression. Although it is unclear how these risks cause depression, altered functional connectivity (FC) during negative-emotion processing may play an important role. We investigated whether maternal depression and age-3 emotionality predicted FC during negative mood reactivity in never-depressed preadolescents and whether these relationships were augmented by early-life stress. Maternal depression predicted decreased medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)–amygdala and mPFC–insula FC but increased mPFC–posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) FC. PE predicted increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex–amygdala FC, whereas sadness predicted increased PCC-based FC in insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Sadness was more strongly associated with PCC–insula and PCC–ACC FC as early stress increased. Findings indicate that early depression risks may be mediated by FC underlying negative-emotion processing.

scholarly journals Early life obesity, maternal depression, and telomere length in Latino children

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Wojcicki ◽  
Melvin B. Heyman ◽  
Jue Lin ◽  
Elizabeth H. Blackburn ◽  
Elissa S. Epel
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Latino Children

scholarly journals Early-Life Environmental and Child Factors Associated with the Presence of Disruptive Behaviors in Seven-Year-Old Children with Autistic Traits in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Breider ◽  
Pieter J. Hoekstra ◽  
Klaas J. Wardenaar ◽  
Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker ◽  
Andrea Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Disruptive Behaviors ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Child Factors ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

AbstractWe studied the association of early-life environmental and child factors with disruptive behaviors in children with autistic traits around age 7, in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 6,401). Logistic regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator indicated that disruptive behaviors were associated with prenatal smoking, no seafood-consumption during pregnancy, breech presentation at delivery, neonatal feeding problems, low social-economic situation, suboptimal preschool family environment, maternal depression, maternal antisocial behavior, male sex, and difficult child temperament. Compared to controls, male sex, maternal depression, and suboptimal preschool family environment were related to autistic traits without disruptive behaviors. Thus, there may be a difference in early-life factors related to autism spectrum disorder with and without disruptive behaviors.

scholarly journals Perinatal fluoxetine treatment and dams’ early life stress history have opposite effects on aggressive behavior while having little impact on sexual behavior of male rat offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (9) ◽  
pp. 2589-2600
Author(s):  
Danielle J. Houwing ◽  
Diana C. Esquivel-Franco ◽  
Anouschka S. Ramsteijn ◽  
Kirsten Schuttel ◽  
Eline L. Struik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Offensive Behavior ◽  
Ssri Treatment

Abstract Rationale Many depressed women continue antidepressant treatment during pregnancy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment during pregnancy increases the risk for abnormal social development of the child, including increased aggressive or defiant behavior, with unknown effects on sexual behavior. Objectives Our aim was to investigate the effects of perinatal SSRI treatment and maternal depression, both separately and combined, on aggressive and sexual behavior in male rat offspring. Methods Heterozygous serotonin transporter (SERT± ) knockout dams exposed to early life stress (ELSD) were used as an animal model of maternal depression. Early life stress consisted of separating litters from their mother for 6 h a day on postnatal day (PND)2–15, resulting in a depressive-like phenotype in adulthood. Depressive-like dams were treated with fluoxetine (FLX, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle throughout pregnancy and lactation (gestational day 1 until PND 21). Male offspring were tested for aggressive and sexual behavior in adulthood. As lifelong reductions in SERT expression are known to alter behavioral outcome, offspring with normal (SERT+/+) and reduced (SERT± ) SERT expression were assessed. Results Perinatal FLX treatment reduced offensive behavior and the number of animals attacking and increased the latency to attack, especially in SERT+/+ offspring. Perinatal FLX treatment reduced the mounting frequency in SERT+/+ offspring. ELSD increased offensive behavior, without affecting sexual behavior in SERT± offspring. Conclusions Overall, our research demonstrates that perinatal FLX treatment and ELSD have opposite effects on aggressive behavior, with little impact on sexual behavior of male offspring.

scholarly journals Prenatal Maternal Depression Related to Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis in the first 5 Years of Life in Children of the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. ar.2017.8.0213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailiang Zhou ◽  
Gladys Ibanez ◽  
Vincent Miramont ◽  
Magali Steinecker ◽  
Nour Baiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
International Study ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Relationship

Backgroud Evidence about the relationship between prenatal maternal depression and the development of childhood asthma and allergies in early life is scarce. We aimed to examine this relationship by using data set of EDEN mother-child cohort study. A total of 1139 children were followed-up until the age of 5 years. Methods Prenatal maternal depression was self-reported by using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) questionnaire and was classified into binary variable (maternal depression [CES-D score of≥16] and no maternal depression [CES-D score of <16]). Asthma and allergies in the first 5 years were assessed by using the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was estimated for the relationship between prenatal maternal depression and early life asthma and allergies by marginal models through the method of generalized estimating equation (GEE) when adjusting for the confounders. Results In our study population, 13.67 % of the mothers had clinical significant depression (the total scores for CES-D ≥16) during pregnancy. For children ages 5 years, the prevalence of wheezing, physician-diagnosed asthma, physician-diagnosed eczema and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were 46.78, 20.99, 29.17, and 22.54%, respectively. Prenatal maternal depression was associated with ever allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (aOR 1.87 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.33–2.62]). No significant relationships were found between prenatal maternal depression and wheezing, physician-diagnosed asthma and physician-diagnosed eczema (aOR 1.12 [95% CI, 0.91–1.39], aOR 1.23 [95% CI, 0.81–1.85] and aOR 1.17 [95% CI, 0.86–1.61], respecitvely). Conclusion Prenatal maternal depression was related to ever allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the first 5 years of life in children of EDEN mother-child cohort study.

scholarly journals Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice D. Reyes ◽  
Dougal S. Hargreaves ◽  
Hanna Creese
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Maternal Attachment ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Risky Behaviours

Abstract Background Early uptake of multiple risky behaviours during adolescence, such as substance use, antisocial and sexual behaviours, can lead to poor health outcomes without timely interventions. This study investigated how early-life maternal attachment, or emotional bonds between mothers and infants, influenced later risky behaviours in adolescence alongside other potential explanatory pathways using the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. Methods Total maternal attachment scores measured at 9 months using the Condon (1998) Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale compared higher and lower attachment, where mothers in the lowest 10th percentile represented lower attachment. Multiple risky behaviours, defined as two or more risky behaviours (including smoking cigarettes, vaping, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, antisocial behaviour, criminal engagement, unsafe sex, and gambling), were scored from 0 to 8 at age 17. Five multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between maternal attachment and multiple risky behaviours among Millennium Cohort Study members (n = 7796). Mediation analysis sequentially adjusted for blocks of explanatory mechanisms, including low attachment mechanisms (multiple births, infant prematurity, sex, breastfeeding, unplanned pregnancy and maternal age at birth), maternal depression, and social inequalities (single-parent status, socioeconomic circumstance by maternal education and household income) at 9 months and poor adolescent mental health at 14 years. Results Children of mothers with lower maternal attachment at 9 months had 23% increased odds of multiple risky behaviours at 17 years (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00–1.50) in the unadjusted baseline model. All five explanatory blocks attenuated baseline odds. Low attachment mechanisms attenuated 13%, social inequalities 17%, and poor mental health 17%. Maternal depression attenuated the highest proportion (26%) after fully adjusting for all factors (30%). Conclusions Lower maternal attachment in early life predicted increased adolescent multiple risky behaviours. Almost a third of the excess risk was attributable to child, maternal and socioeconomic factors, with over a quarter explained by maternal depression. Recognising the influence of early-life risk factors on adolescent health could innovate current policies and interventions addressing multiple risky behaviour uptake affecting health inequalities across the life course.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document