Methylene blue and azure B oxidation by horseradish peroxidase: a comparative evaluation of class II and class III peroxidases

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viridiana S. Ferreira-Leitão ◽  
José Godinho da Silva ◽  
Elba P.S. Bon
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Azure B ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidases

Preparation of aqueous polyaniline-vesicle suspensions with class III peroxidases. Comparison between horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C and soybean peroxidase

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Junker ◽  
Ivan Gitsov ◽  
Nick Quade ◽  
Peter Walde
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Salt Form ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Soybean Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzyme ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidases ◽  
Optimal Reaction

AbstractAniline was polymerised enzymatically in aqueous solution at pH = 4.3 and 25°C in the presence of submicrometer-sized vesicles formed from sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulphosuccinate (AOT). H2O2 served as oxidant and the enzyme used was either horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRPC) or soybean peroxidase (SBP), both being class III peroxidases. From previous studies with HRPC, it is known that stable vesicle suspensions containing the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) can be obtained within 1–2 days with a 90–95 % yield, provided that optimal reaction conditions are applied. Unfortunately, HRPC becomes inactivated during polymerisation. In the present study, a linear dendritic block copolymer was added to HRPC, resulting in higher operational enzyme stability; the stabilising effect, however, was too small to afford a substantial decrease in the required amount of enzyme. Moreover, replacing HRPC with SBP was of no advantage, although SBP is known to be more stable towards inactivation by H2O2 than HRPC. By contrast, SBP was found to be much slower in oxidising aniline, and complete inactivation of SBP occurred before all the aniline monomers were oxidised, leading to low yields and the formation of over-oxidised products. The same was observed for HRP isoenzyme A2. Reactions without vesicles indicated that peroxidase inactivation was probably caused by PANI-ES.

scholarly journals Histochemical differentiation of complex carbohydrates with variants of the concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase method.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Katsuyama ◽  
S S Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase Method ◽  
Hrp Method ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells

Various treatments carried out prior to the concanavalin A-horseradish perioxidase (HRP) method have been found to affect the staining and have permitted differentiation of three main classes of complex carbohydrates in the rat alimentary tract. Class I mucosubstances lose and class II and III paradoxically gain concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase reactivity after periodate oxidation. Class II mucosubstances lose whereas class III retain or increase their reactivity with a reduction step interposed between oxidation and concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase staining. Mucous neck cells, pyloric glands, Brunner's glands and mast cells exhibit strong class III staining, whereas other sites such as intestinal goblet and salivary gland acini differ widely in their type of staining. Liver glycogen stains like mucosubstances in an unstable subgroup of class III. The paradoxical increase in concanavalin A binding during oxidation correlates with the appearance of Schiff reactivity implicating oxidation of vicinal hydroxyls as the basis for the effect. The periodate-induced staining is therefore, thought to result from an oxidative disruption of linkages between vicinal hydroxyls of neighboring sugars and hydroxyls of mannose required for concanavalin A binding. Staining with the described concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase variants appears to afford information concerning cytochemical distribution of mannose-rich glycoproteins as well as differences among these substances in the relation of mannose to neighboring sugars.

scholarly journals Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Chen ◽  
Jason Chen-Chieh Fang ◽  
Chia-Jung Chang ◽  
Ti-Feng Wu ◽  
I-Kuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Class I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Urine Cadmium ◽  
The Mean

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Genetic Control of Recombination Partner Preference in Yeast Meiosis: Isolation and Characterization of Mutants Elevated for Meiotic Unequal Sister-Chromatid Recombination

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn A Thompson ◽  
Franklin W Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Recombination Checkpoint ◽  
Recombination Pathway ◽  
Checkpoint Genes ◽  
Sister Chromatid Recombination

AbstractMeiotic exchange occurs preferentially between homologous chromatids, in contrast to mitotic recombination, which occurs primarily between sister chromatids. To identify functions that direct meiotic recombination events to homologues, we screened for mutants exhibiting an increase in meiotic unequal sister-chromatid recombination (SCR). The msc (meiotic sister-chromatid recombination) mutants were quantified in spo13 meiosis with respect to meiotic unequal SCR frequency, disome segregation pattern, sporulation frequency, and spore viability. Analysis of the msc mutants according to these criteria defines three classes. Mutants with a class I phenotype identified new alleles of the meiosis-specific genes RED1 and MEK1, the DNA damage checkpoint genes RAD24 and MEC3, and a previously unknown gene, MSC6. The genes RED1, MEK1, RAD24, RAD17, and MEC1 are required for meiotic prophase arrest induced by a dmc1 mutation, which defines a meiotic recombination checkpoint. Meiotic unequal SCR was also elevated in a rad17 mutant. Our observation that meiotic unequal SCR is elevated in meiotic recombination checkpoint mutants suggests that, in addition to their proposed monitoring function, these checkpoint genes function to direct meiotic recombination events to homologues. The mutants in class II, including a dmc1 mutant, confer a dominant meiotic lethal phenotype in diploid SPO13 meiosis in our strain background, and they identify alleles of UBR1, INP52, BUD3, PET122, ELA1, and MSC1-MSC3. These results suggest that DMC1 functions to bias the repair of meiosis-specific double-strand breaks to homologues. We hypothesize that the genes identified by the class II mutants function in or are regulators of the DMC1-promoted interhomologue recombination pathway. Class III mutants may be elevated for rates of both SCR and homologue exchange.

scholarly journals Genetics and epigenetics of class II and class III malocclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1943 (1) ◽  
pp. 012091
Author(s):  
M Subono ◽  
I R N Alima ◽  
E I Auerkari
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii

scholarly journals Lifestyle modification for weight loss: effects on cardiorespiratory capacity in Patients with Class II and Class III Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Wammer ◽  
Andrea Haberberger ◽  
Anita Dyb Linge ◽  
Tor Åge Myklebust ◽  
Sveinung Vemøy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Obesity

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nasolabial Angle in Orthodontic Diagnosis: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Quinzi ◽  
Licia Coceani Paskay ◽  
Nicola D’Andrea ◽  
Arianna Albani ◽  
Annalisa Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Palatal Expansion ◽  
Rapid Palatal Expansion ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Teeth Extraction

Background: This study is a systematic literature review aiming at identifying the variation of the average nasolabial angle (NLA) in various orthodontic situations. The NLA is one of the key factors to be studied in an orthodontic diagnosis for the aesthetics of the nose and facial profile. Methods: Out of 3118 articles resulting from four search engines (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP) and SciELO), the final study allowed the analysis and comparison of only 26 studies. These included studies have considered the NLA in the following cases: teeth extraction, class II malocclusion, class III malocclusion, rapid palatal expansion (RPE), orthognathic surgery, and non-surgical rhinoplasty with a hyaluronic acid filler. Results: The results indicate that teeth extraction and the use of hyaluronic acid fillers significantly affect the NLA. Conclusions: This systematic review shows that a statistically significant change in NLA values occurs in: extractive treatments of all four of the first or second premolars in class I patients; in class II patients with upper maxillary protrusion; in patients with maxillary biprotrusion, except for cases of severe crowding; and in patients undergoing non-surgical rhinoplasty with a hyaluronic acid filler. Trial registration number: PROSPERO CRD42020185166

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