Determination of seepage velocity in streambed using temperature record of Russian River, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-wei Wu ◽  
Han-zhou Song ◽  
Ji-xiang Huo
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Record ◽  
Seepage Velocity ◽  
Russian River

scholarly journals How to correctly apply Gaussian statistics in a non-stationary climate?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Steinacker
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Filter Methods ◽  
Periodic Time Series ◽  
Past Data

AbstractTime series with a significant trend, as is now being the case for the temperature in the course of climate change, need a careful approach for statistical evaluations. Climatological means and moments are usually taken from past data which means that the statistics does not fit to actual data anymore. Therefore, we need to determine the long-term trend before comparing actual data with the actual climate. This is not an easy task, because the determination of the signal—a climatic trend—is influenced by the random scatter of observed data. Different filter methods are tested upon their quality to obtain realistic smoothed trends of observed time series. A new method is proposed, which is based on a variational principle. It outperforms other conventional methods of smoothing, especially if periodic time series are processed. This new methodology is used to test, how extreme the temperature of 2018 in Vienna actually was. It is shown that the new annual temperature record of 2018 is not too extreme, if we consider the positive trend of the last decades. Also, the daily mean temperatures of 2018 are not found to be really extreme according to the present climate. The real extreme of the temperature record of Vienna—and many other places around the world—is the strongly increased positive temperature trend over the last years.

scholarly journals Solar Activity and Global Temperature

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eigil Friis-Christensen ◽  
Knud Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Sunspot Number ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature ◽  
Solar Cycle Length

A major problem in the determination of the magnitude of a possible solar effect on climate is that no physical parameter of solar energy output exists that has been observed long enough to be used for long-term analyses. Therefore, a number of indirect parameters have been proposed, with the sunspot number as the most commonly used parameter. Recently it has been suggested that climatic effects may be more directly associated with the length of the solar cycle. Whereas the magnitude of the sunspot number is only believed to be reliable back to 1750, determination of solar activity minima may be based on other types of data. A recent reconstructed series of solar cycle lengths back to 1500 gives new information about solar activity in particular before and during the Maunder Minimum. A comparison with reconstructed temperature records has revealed that the good agreement between the solar cycle length and the global temperature found for the modern instrumental temperature record is also characteristic for the total series of reconstructed temperature data. A further result is that the response of the temperature during the pre-instrumental era is the same as for the modern temperature record. This finding confirms the close association beween terrestrial temperature and solar activity measured in terms of the solar cycle length.

scholarly journals Effects of seasonal variability of accumulation on yearly mean δ18O values in Antarctic snow

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (151) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Record ◽  
Antarctic Snow ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Isotope Content

AbstractThe annual mean oxygen-isotope content of Antarctic snow is strongly influenced by the seasonal variability of accumulation. Since the annual mean δ18O value is frequently used to derive mean annual temperatures from ice cores, changes in atmospheric circulation pattern can lead to large errors in the deduced temperature record. At the German Antarctic wintering base, Neumayer, accumulation measurements have been carried out continuously over the last 16 years. Weekly readings of accumulation stakes combined with snow pits and shallow firn cores are used to investigate the influence of the seasonal variability of accumulation on the annual mean δ18O values and to estimate the possible error in the determination of annual mean temperatures from ice cores by using the oxygen-isotope record.

scholarly journals Effects of seasonal variability of accumulation on yearly mean δ18O values in Antarctic snow

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (151) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Record ◽  
Antarctic Snow ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Isotope Content

AbstractThe annual mean oxygen-isotope content of Antarctic snow is strongly influenced by the seasonal variability of accumulation. Since the annual mean δ18O value is frequently used to derive mean annual temperatures from ice cores, changes in atmospheric circulation pattern can lead to large errors in the deduced temperature record. At the German Antarctic wintering base, Neumayer, accumulation measurements have been carried out continuously over the last 16 years. Weekly readings of accumulation stakes combined with snow pits and shallow firn cores are used to investigate the influence of the seasonal variability of accumulation on the annual mean δ18O values and to estimate the possible error in the determination of annual mean temperatures from ice cores by using the oxygen-isotope record.

scholarly journals Determination of The Intensity and Georeferencing of Urban Heat Islands in Temuco, Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aner Martinez-Soto ◽  
Michelle Vera-Fonseca ◽  
Pablo Valenzuela-Toledo ◽  
Aliwen Melillan-Raguileo
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
The City

Abstract Various methodologies to estimate the intensity of urban heat islands (UHI) have been proposed. However, there is no consensus on their combined or individual use. This study presents and analyzes the validation of the combined use of methodologies to capture data from UHI’a (mobile transects and fixed stations) and the location of the UHI phenomenon by considering the city of Temuco, Chile as a case study. The database used for the fixed station methodology consists of twenty-three stations belonging to the National Monitoring Network of Chile distributed throughout the city. For the mobile transect methodology the database was generated with three cars that crossed the city simultaneously taking one temperature record per minute. The results show that the two methodologies yield similar results, so it is possible to obtain the intensity of the IHU phenomenon using at least one of them. The results also showed that Temuco has a maximum intensity of the UHI phenomenon of 13°C, with this value being one of the highest recorded in UHI studies in the world.

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

Distance to SN 1987A and the LMC

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Nino Panagia
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Distance Modulus ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Sn 1987A

Using the new reductions of the IUE light curves by Sonneborn et al. (1997) and an extensive set of HST images of SN 1987A we have repeated and improved Panagia et al. (1991) analysis to obtain a better determination of the distance to the supernova. In this way we have derived an absolute size of the ringRabs= (6.23 ± 0.08) x 1017cm and an angular sizeR″ = 808 ± 17 mas, which give a distance to the supernovad(SN1987A) = 51.4 ± 1.2 kpc and a distance modulusm–M(SN1987A) = 18.55 ± 0.05. Allowing for a displacement of SN 1987A position relative to the LMC center, the distance to the barycenter of the Large Magellanic Cloud is also estimated to bed(LMC) = 52.0±1.3 kpc, which corresponds to a distance modulus ofm–M(LMC) = 18.58±0.05.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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