Chemical composition of precipitation and wet deposition of major ions on the Korean peninsula

The purpose of this study is to analyze the chemical composition of wet precipitation in samples collected at three stations in the Candiota region in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Samples were collected in 2004. Variables analyzed in wet precipitation were pH, conductivity, and concentration of Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-) F-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, and Cr. SO2 and NO2 distribution over the time were also evaluated. Results have showed that pH < 5.6 are found mostly at Candiota airport (85%), followed by Aceguá (72%) and Três Lagoas (65%). Enrichment Factor of the studied ions in wet deposition revealed higher Ca2+ and SO4(2-) enrichment in Três Lagoas. Factor Analysis applied to metals and major ions allowed identifying the major sources. While Cl-, Na+, Mg2+ are of marine origin, SO4(2-), NO3-, NH4+ ,F- come from anthropogenic sources. Except for Fe and Mn originating from the soil dust, the metals studied showed to have anthropogenic influence The average SO2 and NO2 concentration, as well as SO4(2-) and NO3- in wet precipitation in the Candiota region showed higher concentrations during the warmer months.

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Dynamics of the chemical composition of rainwater throughout Hurricane Irene

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-13-2321-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2321-2330 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

K. M. Mullaugh ◽

J. D. Willey ◽

R. J. Kieber ◽

R. N. Mead ◽

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Major Ions ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Back Trajectory ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Total Chloride ◽

Hurricane Irene

Abstract. Sequential sampling of rainwater from Hurricane Irene was carried out in Wilmington, NC, USA on 26 and 27 August 2011. Eleven samples were analyzed for pH, major ions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hurricane Irene contributed 16% of the total rainwater and 18% of the total chloride wet deposition received in Wilmington NC during all of 2011. This work highlights the main physical factors influencing the chemical composition of tropical storm rainwater: wind speed, wind direction, back trajectory and vertical mixing, time of day and total rain volume. Samples collected early in the storm, when winds blew out of the east, contained dissolved components indicative of marine sources (salts from sea spray and low DOC). The sea-salt components in the samples had two maxima in concentration during the storm the first of which occurred before the volume of rain had sufficiently washed out sea salt from the atmosphere and the second when back trajectories showed large volumes of marine surface air were lifted. As the storm progressed and winds shifted to a westerly direction, the chemical composition of the rainwater became characteristic of terrestrial storms (high DOC and NH4+ and low sea salt). This work demonstrates that tropical storms are not only responsible for significant wet deposition of marine components to land, but terrestrial components can also become entrained in rainwater, which can then be delivered to coastal waters via wet deposition. This study also underscores why analysis of one composite sample can lead to an incomplete interpretation of the factors that influence the chemically divergent analytes in rainwater during extreme weather events.

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Long term variation in chemical composition of precipitation and wet deposition of major ions at Minicoy and Portblair : Islands in Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v57i3.493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 489-498

Author(s):

VIJAY KUMAR SONI ◽

P. S. KANNAN ◽

S. G. GHANEKAR ◽

USHA RAVINDRAN ◽

A. N. GAIKWAD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Bay Of Bengal ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Major Ions ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Winter Season ◽

Deposition Flux ◽

Wet Deposition Flux

Lkkj & bl ’kks/k Ik= esa vjc lkxj ds feuhdkW; rFkk caxky dh [kkM+h ds iksVZCys;j }hi ds nks LFkkuksa ds o"kZ 1981 ls 2002 rd ds 22 o"kkZsa ds jklk;fud feJ.k ds dsoy vknzZ&o"kZ.k vk¡dM+kas dk fo’ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA fofo/k vk;fud ldsUnzh;dj.k ds chp ds lglaca/kksa dks Li"V djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA ’kjn_rq ds nkSjku gqbZ o"kkZ ds ty esa lYQsV] ukbVªsV vkSj gkbMªkstu vk;uksa dh vf/kdre lkUnzrk ikbZ xbZ gS A _rq okj oxhZdj.k ds nkSjku ekWulwu _rq esa lHkh vk;uksa ds vknZz o"kZ.k vfHkokg ds vf/kdre gksus dk irk pyk gS A nksuksa gh LFkkuksa ij vEyh; fu{ksi.k esa c<+ksrjh dh izo`fr ns[kh xbZ gS A futZu}hi ij Tokykeq[kh dh fØ;k’khyrk iksVZCys;j ds o"kkZty esa jklk;fud feJ.k dks izHkkfor djrh gS A lYQsV vk;u ¼½ dk okf"kZd vknzZ o"kZ.k feuhdkW; esa 15-6 fd-xzk- izfr gsDVs;j izfr o"kZ rFkk iksVZCys;j es 25-5 fd-xzk- izfr gsDVsvj izfr o"kZ ik;k x;k gS rFkk ukbVªsV vk;u ¼½ dh fu{ksfir ek=k feuhdkW; esa 38-0 fd-xzk- izfr gsDVs;j izfr o"kZ vkSj iksVZCys;j esa 74-6 fd-xzk- izfr gsDVs;j izfr o"kZ rd ikbZ xbZ gS A /kuk;u vk;uksa esa lksfM;e vk;u ¼Na+½ rFkk dSfY’k;e vk;u ¼Ca2+½ ds rRo vf/kd ek=k esa tek gksrs gSa ftuesa eSXusf’k;e vk;u ¼Mg2+½ds lkFk&lkFk iksVkf’k;e vk;u ¼K+½ Hkh feys gksrs gSa A The data on chemical composition of wet only precipitation from two island stations Minicoy in Arabian Sea and Portblair in Bay of Bengal, representing 22 year period, 1981-2002 have been analyzed. An attempt has been made to explain the correlation between various ionic concentrations. The maximum concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and hydrogen ions in rainwater are observed during winter season. When classified by season the wet deposition flux for all the ions is greatest in the monsoon season during which precipitation is substantially high. A tendency for increase in acidic deposition is observed at both the stations. The volcanic activity at Barren island appears to influence the chemical composition of rainwater at Portblair. The annual wet deposition of SO42- ranged from 15.6 kg ha-1 yr-1 at Minicoy to 25.5 kg ha-1 yr-1 at Portblair, and the corresponding amounts of NO3- deposited ranged from 38.0 kg ha-1 yr-1 at Minicoy to 74.6 kg ha-1 yr-1 at Portblair. Of the cations Na+ and Ca2+ are the elements deposited in largest quantities followed by Mg2+ and K+.

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Lake Superior Atmospheric Wet Deposition 1980-1983

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1987.028 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 365-376

Author(s):

C. H. Chan ◽

L. H. Perkins

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Deposition ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Major Ions ◽

Lake Superior ◽

Relative Accuracy ◽

Lake Chemistry ◽

Total Load ◽

Wet Precipitation ◽

Percentage Basis ◽

Nitrogen Loadings

Abstract Wet deposition estimates were computed from monthly wet precipitation samples collected in the Lake Superior Basin. Sulphate and nitrogen loadings from wet precipitation corresponded to 142 and 40 thousand tonnes per year. On a percentage basis, wet deposition of sulphate and nitrogen accounted for 21% and 54%, respectively, of the total load. Atmospheric sources for other major ions ranged from 1 to 10%. Atmospheric deposition at the eastern end of Lake Superior was higher than the western end of the Basin. The relative accuracy of these estimates were examined in relation to the changes in lake chemistry in Lake Superior from 1973 to 1983.

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Productivity and Quality Responses of Salt-Stressed Roses to Supplemental Calcium

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898.32.3.155 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 155-162

Author(s):

Alma R. Solís-Pérez ◽

Raul I. Cabrera

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Major Ions ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Sodium Accumulation ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Counter Ions ◽

Supplemental Calcium ◽

Leaf Tissues ◽

Chlorophyll Index

Plants of Rosa × spp. L. ‘Happy Hour’ grafted on the rootstocks R. × ‘Manetti’ and R. × ‘Natal Briar’ were salinized with 12 mM NaCl and received supplemental calcium (Ca) applications (as CaSO4) of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mM. Additional plants were salinized with 6 mM Na2SO4 and supplemented with 5 mM CaSO4 and compared to non-salinized, no supplemental Ca control plants. Cumulative flowers harvested, shoot length and leaf chlorophyll index were similar for both rootstocks across salt treatments, but Manetti plants had higher dry weights in flowers and most plant tissues except roots. Productivity and water relations in NaCl-salinized plants were not responsive to supplemental Ca. Conversely, calcium-supplemented plants salinized with Na2SO4 had better productivity and quality than those with NaCl, and were similar to non-stressed control plants. Salt injury symptoms were evident only on NaCl-treated plants, regardless of Ca supplements, and closely associated with chloride, but not sodium, accumulation, in leaf tissues. The extent of the ameliorative properties of supplemental calcium applications on salinized rose plants is influenced by the salinity level, the chemical composition of the salinizing solution (major ions and counter-ions) and the cultivar (scion) and rootstock selection.

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Chemical composition of rainfall and wet deposition over northern Britain

Atmospheric Environment (1967) ◽

10.1016/0004-6981(84)90369-x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1921-1932 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

J.N. Cape ◽

D. Fowler ◽

J.W. Kinnaird ◽

I.S. Paterson ◽

I.D. Leith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Wet Deposition

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Spatial and Temporal Variation of Rainwater Chemistry in Ile-Ife and Its Environ, Osun State, Nigeria

Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.5539/jsd.v10n2p203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aderonke Adetutu Okoya ◽

Bamikole Walter Osungbemiro ◽

Temi E. Ologunorisa

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Temporal Variation ◽

Major Ions ◽

Rain Water ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Rainwater Chemistry ◽

Water Composition ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Impact

The study of the chemical composition of rain water was conducted in Ile – Ife and environs, an agrarian, commercial, residential and semi-industrialised center of Osun state Nigeria. This was with a view to assessing the impact of land use activities on rain water composition and the temporal variation of rainwater chemistry. Physico-chemical parameters such as Turbidity, pH, TDS, Conductivity, Oxygen parameters, Alkalinity, Acidity, Hardness and Major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NO3-, SO4-, HCO3-) were determined, predominant ions were identified. Turbidity, pH, Conductivity, TDS, D.O B.O.D, Alkalinity, Acidity Hardness ranged between 2.90 - 42.84 NTU, 5.65 - 7.40, 6.71 – 122.33 µScm-1, 4.10 –73.27 mg/L, 3.60 – 10.60 mg/L, 0.13 – 7.20 mg/L, 0.33 – 22.0 mg/L, 2.00 – 15.00 mg/L, 0.04 – 1.23 CaCO3mg/l respectively. The dominant ions detected in the study were HCO3-, Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+. Generally, the mean concentration of ions as expressed in milli-equivalent per Litre showed order of dominance as HCO3- > NO3- > SO42- for the anions and Mg2+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ for cations. The study concluded that land use activities had influence on all the chemical composition of rain water in the study area but more on pH, alkalinity, acidity, bicarbonate. Except sulphate and Nitrate, all other parameters recorded high values in dry season.

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Chemical Composition and Fluxes of Wet Deposition at Elevated Sites (700–3105 m a.s.l.) in the Eastern alps (Austria)

Seasonal Snowpacks ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-75112-7_12 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 273-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

H. Puxbaum ◽

A. Kovar ◽

M. Kalina

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Eastern Alps

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Trace elements and Pb isotope composition of annual tree rings and pine needles growing in highly industrialized region in southern Poland

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9587 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Sensuła ◽

Nathalie Fagel

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Isotope Ratio ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Pine Needles ◽

Pb Isotope ◽

Southern Poland ◽

Icp Ms

Trees can provide annual records of ecosystem changes connected with human activity over several decades. These changes can be recorded in the pattern of variation of tree-rings widths and in the variation in the elemental composition of wood. Analysis of trace metal pollution is based on the assumption that element concentrations in tree foliage and tree rings represent element availability in the environment.We determined the chemical composition of pine needles and annual tree rings to monitor environmental contamination in an urban forest environment in the most industrialized part of southern Poland.The concentrations of trace elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) and the Pb isotope composition were measured in needles from&#160;Pinus sylvestris&#160;L. growing in nine urban forests near five factories. Trace elemental concentration and Pb isotope ratio were determined by ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS, respectively. The needles were characterized based on the concentrations of Cr, ranging from 0.05 to 0.7 mg/kg, Co, from 0.005 to 0.075 mg/kg, Ni, from 0.12 to 0.66 mg/kg, Cu, from 0.49 to 1.0 mg/kg, Zn, from 3.9 to 14 mg/kg, and Pb, from 0.06 to 0.53 mg/kg. The&#160;208Pb/206Pb ratio ranged from 2.08 to 2.11 and the&#160;206Pb/207Pb ratio between 1.15 and 1.17. The heterogeneity of Pb isotope ratio indicates that there are different sources affecting the Pb isotopic composition of pine needles (Sensu&#322;a et al., 2021).In one of the investigated site, a radial trace-element profiles were determined by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (Laser ablation: New Wave Research UP-193 FX Fast Excimer, ICP-MS: Thermo Scientific X-Series2 with CCT -Collision Cell Technology) at Royal Museum for Central Africa (Belgium). LA-ICP-MS provides a repeatable, minimally destructive, sensitive method for determining many elements in wood tissue, with relatively high spatial resolution.Temporal variations of element concentration (median) in annual tree-rings of pines were compared with time series of wet deposition of pollutant and air pollutant concentration in the investigated area.&#160;The similar trends of magnitudes changes can be observed between analysed elements concentration (Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Zn) and total wet deposition of these elements in the environment during vegetation period or these elements concentration in the rain (Sensu&#322;a et al. 2017).&#160;Different space-time patterns of element accumulation in pine needles and annaul tree rings were observed. The variation in isotopic composition reflects a mix between different anthropogenic sources.&#160;References:Sensu&#322;a, B., Wilczy&#324;ski, S., Monin, L., Allan, M., Pazdur, A., & Fagel, N. (2017). Variations of tree ring width and chemical composition of wood of pine growing in the area nearby chemical factories,&#160;Geochronometria,&#160;44(1), 226-239. doi:&#160;https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0064Sensu&#322;a, B., Fagel, N., & Michczy&#324;ski, A. (2021). Radiocarbon, trace elements and pb isotope composition of pine needles from a highly industrialized region in southern Poland.&#160;Radiocarbon,&#160;1-14. doi:10.1017/RDC.2020.132

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