scholarly journals Study of wet precipitation and its chemical composition in South of Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elba C. Teixeira ◽  
Daniela Migliavacca ◽  
Sadi Pereira Filho ◽  
Andréa C.M. Machado ◽  
Juliana B. Dallarosa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Wet Precipitation ◽  
South Of Brazil

The purpose of this study is to analyze the chemical composition of wet precipitation in samples collected at three stations in the Candiota region in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Samples were collected in 2004. Variables analyzed in wet precipitation were pH, conductivity, and concentration of Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-) F-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, and Cr. SO2 and NO2 distribution over the time were also evaluated. Results have showed that pH < 5.6 are found mostly at Candiota airport (85%), followed by Aceguá (72%) and Três Lagoas (65%). Enrichment Factor of the studied ions in wet deposition revealed higher Ca2+ and SO4(2-) enrichment in Três Lagoas. Factor Analysis applied to metals and major ions allowed identifying the major sources. While Cl-, Na+, Mg2+ are of marine origin, SO4(2-), NO3-, NH4+ ,F- come from anthropogenic sources. Except for Fe and Mn originating from the soil dust, the metals studied showed to have anthropogenic influence The average SO2 and NO2 concentration, as well as SO4(2-) and NO3- in wet precipitation in the Candiota region showed higher concentrations during the warmer months.

Lake Superior Atmospheric Wet Deposition 1980-1983

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
C. H. Chan ◽  
L. H. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Relative Accuracy ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Wet Precipitation ◽  
Percentage Basis ◽  
Nitrogen Loadings

Abstract Wet deposition estimates were computed from monthly wet precipitation samples collected in the Lake Superior Basin. Sulphate and nitrogen loadings from wet precipitation corresponded to 142 and 40 thousand tonnes per year. On a percentage basis, wet deposition of sulphate and nitrogen accounted for 21% and 54%, respectively, of the total load. Atmospheric sources for other major ions ranged from 1 to 10%. Atmospheric deposition at the eastern end of Lake Superior was higher than the western end of the Basin. The relative accuracy of these estimates were examined in relation to the changes in lake chemistry in Lake Superior from 1973 to 1983.

New records of the occurrence of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species in rural area of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, in the South of Brazil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Somavilla Lignon ◽  
Emanuelle de Souza Farias ◽  
Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa ◽  
Eduarda Maria Trentin Santi ◽  
Lucas Alexandre Farias de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
New Records ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Santa Maria

scholarly journals Use of LST images from MODIS/AQUA sensor as an indication of frost occurrence in RS

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 920-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora de S. Simões ◽  
Denise C. Fontana ◽  
Matheus B. Vicari
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Aqua Satellite ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
June July ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

ABSTRACTAlthough frost occurrence causes severe losses in agriculture, especially in the south of Brazil, the data of minimum air temperature (Tmin) currently available for monitoring and predicting frosts show insufficient spatial distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the MDY11A1 (LST – Land Surface Temperature) product, from the MODIS sensor on board the AQUA satellite as an estimator of frost occurrence in the southeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. LST images from the nighttime overpass of the MODIS/AQUA sensor for the months of June, July and August from 2006 to 2012, and data from three conventional weather stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used. Consistency was observed between Tmin data measured in weather stations and LST data obtained from the MODIS sensor. According to the results, LSTs below 3 ºC recorded by the MODIS/AQUA sensor are an indication of a favorable scenario to frost occurrence.

scholarly journals Adaptability and stability of white oat cultivars in relation to chemical composition of the caryopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maraisa Crestani Hawerroth ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽  
Luiz Carlos Gutkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Oat Cultivars

The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical properties of white oat (Avena sativa) caryopsis and to determine the adaptability and stability of cultivars recommended for cultivation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The trials were carried out in the 2007, 2008 and 2009 crop seasons, in three municipalities: Augusto Pestana, Capão do Leão, and Passo Fundo. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The contents of protein, lipid, and nitrogen-free extract were evaluated in the caryopsis. Cultivar performances for the measured characters varied according to location and year of cultivation. The cultivar URS Guapa showed high content of nitrogen-free extract and low contents of protein and lipid in the caryopsis. 'FAPA Louise' showed high content of lipid, whereas 'Albasul', 'UPF 15', and 'UPF 18' showed high content of protein and low content of nitrogen-free extract. There is no evidence of an ideal biotype for the evaluated characters, which could simultaneously show high average performance, adaptability to favorable and unfavorable environments, and stability.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES IN URBAN AREAS OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL-PRELIMINARY STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
E. Teixeira ◽  
J. Fachel Braga ◽  
J.D. D. Migliavacca ◽  
M.L.L.Fomoso Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Steel Industries

This work reports the determination of the concentration and chemical composition of atmospheric particles in the urban districts of Charqueadas and Sapucaia do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Chemical composition, morphology, and particle size were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x=ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS). Cluster analysis showed that there were six types of particles: Fe-Zn, Fe, Si=Al, Si, Ca-S, and Na. Factorial analysis from cluster data showed that particles rich in Fe-Zn, Si-Al, and Ca-S appeared more frequently, indicating anthropogenic influence (vehicles, steel plants, coal-fired power stations). The experimental results and consideration of the wind directions show that the main source of pollution in Charqueadas appears to be due to coal mining and steel industries, while in Sapucaia do Sul due to steel plants and vehicles.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on the case of black rain in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A synoptic point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1268
Author(s):  
Maicon Moraes Santiago ◽  
Gabriel Borges dos Santos ◽  
Iulli Pitone Cardoso ◽  
André Becker Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
South Of Brazil

Particles of soot from forest fires are transported by the wind, reaching distant locations and being deposited on the soil through precipitation, which clears the atmosphere, taking suspended particulate matter into its drops. The general circulation over South America indicates the possibility of soot from forest fires in the Amazon and Pantanal to be transported to southern Brazil. The event called “black rain” was observed in the period from 11 to 13 September 2020 at São Francisco de Assis City, in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), and so this work aims to analyze if there were any anomalies of the flow that favored the occurrence of this event, given that there was a large number of fires in this period. Through ERA5 reanalysis data and GOES-16 satellite images, it was observed that on the three days under study low-level flow to the south of Brazil was more intense than normal, with the Low Level Jet occurrences, and on days 12 and 13 such flow to the south was also observed at 500 hPa. The precipitation was due to the instability of an extended trough from the Northwestern Argentinean Low. Thus, it is believed that there was a contribution from circulation at low and mid levels in the occurrence of black rain over RS.

scholarly journals Practices of sexual education: an analysis in municipal schools in the south of Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Denise Regina Quaresma da Silva ◽  
Oscar Ulloa Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
South Of Brazil

This article approaches a characterization of the practices of sexual education in educative institutions in Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the precocious gestations have a significative extension. We rescued some theoretical contributions to understand the sexual education, specifically from the pos-structuralism, and from current researches about this topic. Besides, we show qualitative results from the interviews with directives and teachers of the fifty six schools of the municipality.

scholarly journals Aquatic macrophytes of six subtropical shallow lakes, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Amaral Pereira ◽  
Cláudio Rossano Trindade Trindade ◽  
Edélti Faria Albertoni ◽  
Cleber Palma-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
The Family ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
The University

The aim of this study was to document the richness of aquatic macrophytes in six shallow lakes at Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Qualitative surveys were carried out during 2008. Specimens were deposited at the university herbarium (HURG). We recorded 44 species belonging to 35 genera and 21 families. The majority of species were present all year. The family with highest diversity was Cyperaceae (eight species). Other studies have reported approximately 170 species for wetlands in the south of Brazil. This study documented approximately 25% of these species. The flora of the area should be preserved and monitored. 

scholarly journals Dynamics of the chemical composition of rainwater throughout Hurricane Irene

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2321-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Mullaugh ◽  
J. D. Willey ◽  
R. J. Kieber ◽  
R. N. Mead ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Hurricane Irene

Abstract. Sequential sampling of rainwater from Hurricane Irene was carried out in Wilmington, NC, USA on 26 and 27 August 2011. Eleven samples were analyzed for pH, major ions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hurricane Irene contributed 16% of the total rainwater and 18% of the total chloride wet deposition received in Wilmington NC during all of 2011. This work highlights the main physical factors influencing the chemical composition of tropical storm rainwater: wind speed, wind direction, back trajectory and vertical mixing, time of day and total rain volume. Samples collected early in the storm, when winds blew out of the east, contained dissolved components indicative of marine sources (salts from sea spray and low DOC). The sea-salt components in the samples had two maxima in concentration during the storm the first of which occurred before the volume of rain had sufficiently washed out sea salt from the atmosphere and the second when back trajectories showed large volumes of marine surface air were lifted. As the storm progressed and winds shifted to a westerly direction, the chemical composition of the rainwater became characteristic of terrestrial storms (high DOC and NH4+ and low sea salt). This work demonstrates that tropical storms are not only responsible for significant wet deposition of marine components to land, but terrestrial components can also become entrained in rainwater, which can then be delivered to coastal waters via wet deposition. This study also underscores why analysis of one composite sample can lead to an incomplete interpretation of the factors that influence the chemically divergent analytes in rainwater during extreme weather events.

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