Accuracy of precipitation network in different geophysical regions in India

For any type of hydro meteorological studies it Is imperative that an optimum design of network of raingauge stations is determined taking into consideration various factors influencing specific purpose for which such designs are envisaged. In the present paper an attempt has been made to determine the relative accuracy of the precipitation network designed for estimation of normal areal precipitation in comparison to the standard prescribed by World Meteorological Orgamsatlon. It is observed that III the present case the proposed network is fairly accurate for the purpose for which it has been designed.

Study on Relative Accuracy and Verification Method of High-Definition Maps for Autonomous Driving

High-definition maps (HDM) for autonomous driving (AD) are an important component of AD systems. HDMs accurately provide a priori information, including lane lines, and road signs, for AD systems. It is an important task to make a reasonable accuracy assessment of the HDM. The current methods for relative accuracy evaluation of general maps in the field of mapping are not fully applicable to HDMs. In this study, a method based on point set alignment and resampling is used to evaluate the relative accuracy of lane lines, and experiments are conducted based on relevant real HDM data. The results show that the relative accuracy of the lane lines is more detailed and relevant than the traditional method. This has implications for the quality control of HDM production.

A multilaboratory validation study of LC/MS biomarker assays for three lysophosphatidylcholines

Aim: Although the fit-for-purpose approach has been proposed for validation procedures and acceptance criteria for biomarker assays, practical biomarker assays to facilitate clinical application and regulatory documents on biomarker assays remain limited. Materials & methods: We assigned six independent laboratories and selected three lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs): LPC(16:0), LPC(18:0) and LPC(18:1) as model biomarkers. Using LC–MS, the following key validation parameters were evaluated: calibration curve, carryover, parallelism, precision and relative accuracy and these values were similar among all laboratories. Further, we determined LPC levels in six lots of rat plasma at unknown concentrations and compared them among the laboratories. Conclusion: Our multilaboratory validation and reproducibility data are useful for the development of future biomarker assay validation procedures, as well as regulatory documents.

The effect of mobile camera selection on the capacity to predict water turbidity

Recently, cameras of mobile phones emerged as an alternative for quantifying water turbidity. Most of these studies lack a strategy to determine the water turbidity for new samples, focusing mainly on one particular device. Nevertheless, widespread use of these approaches requires a predictive capacity on out-of-the-sample images acquired in devices of different capabilities. We studied the influence of mobile device camera sensors on the predictive performance of water turbidity for non-previously observed turbid images. For this, a reference database with turbid images acquired for different mobile devices was constructed. A machine learning method based on image quality measures and linear classifiers (least squares and LASSO) was proposed to perform predictions on each mobile device. Relative accuracy and precision were evaluated. Results suggest that these approaches may provide accurate predictions reaching most than 80% of relative accuracy with high test-retest reliability (>.99). Nevertheless, our results also indicate that the predictive performance levels dropped in low capacity quality sensors. Therefore, despite the high performance that can be reached using these approaches, widespread use on multiple mobile devices may require further developments of low-quality sensors and a better understanding of their operative ranges.

108 Attentional Control Deficits during Total Sleep Deprivation: Independence from Reduced Vigilant Attention

Introduction Total sleep deprivation (TSD) has been shown to impair performance on a two-phase attentional control task, the AX-type continuous performance task with switch (AX-CPTs). Here we investigate whether the observed AX-CPTs impairments are a downstream consequence of TSD-induced non-specific effects (e.g., reduced vigilant attention) or reflect a distinct impact on attentional control. Methods N=55 healthy adults (aged 26.0±0.7y; 32 women) participated in a 4-day laboratory study with 10h baseline sleep (22:00-08:00) followed by 38h TSD and then 10h recovery sleep. At baseline (09:00 day 2) and after 25h and 30h TSD (09:00 and 14:00 day 3), subjects were tested on a 10min psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), an assay of vigilant attention, and on the AX-CPTs. The AX-CPTs required subjects to differentiate designated target from non-target cue-probe pairs. In phase 1, target trials occurred frequently, which promoted prepotent anticipatory responses; in phase 2, the target pair was switched. Accuracy of responses to various different AX-CPTs trial types was expressed relative to accuracy on phase 1 neutral (non-target cue and probe) trials, which should capture non-specific impairments on the task. For all three test sessions, these relative accuracy measures, along with accuracy on phase 1 neutral trials and lapses (RT>500ms) on the PVT, were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Results The PCA revealed three statistically independent factors. Following varimax rotation, factor 1 (36.3% variance explained) and factor 3 (14.8% variance explained) each had high loadings for relative accuracy on multiple AX-CPTs trial types from phases 1 and 2; whereas factor 2 (17.9% variance explained) had high loadings for accuracy on phase 1 neutral trials, relative accuracy on phase 1 target trials, and PVT lapses. Conclusion These results indicate a statistical separation between AX-CPTs phase 1 neutral trials and phase 1 target trials, in conjunction with PVT lapses, versus the various other AX-CPTs trial types. This suggests a dissociation between TSD-induced, non-specific impairments on the task—potentially related to reduced vigilant attention—and TSD-induced specific impairments related to attentional control. Thus, TSD-induced deficits in attentional control are unlikely to be a downstream consequence of non-specific impairments. Support (if any) CDMRP grant W81XWH-16-1-0319

How Do We Decide Which of Two Case Formulations Is Correct? Commentary on Westerman and Critchfield et al.

This commentary takes a meta-view of the articles in this module by Westerman (2021a), and by Critchfield, Dobner-Pereira and Stucker (2021a), which offer two overlapping but also different formulations of the same case. It raises the question of whether there is only one true formulation of a clinical case (correspondence theory), or whether any one of several would qualify as accurate (coherence theory). A third alternative is that the truth-value of a formulation is a function of its ability to predict which therapist interventions will most help the client (pragmatic theory). A study is described in which the relative accuracy of two different formulations of the same case was put to the test in predicting which therapist interventions led to client progress. I propose that the current authors compare the pragmatic value of their formulations in a similar manner.

ОГЛЯД СПОСОБІВ ВИМІРЮВАННЯ МЕТАКОГНІТИВНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ

Purpose. Of special importance of the current study is the observation of some theoretical and methodological aspects of the peculiarities of measures of metacognitive monitoring. In particular, we highlight some common in the psychological research approaches to the measures and discrepancies of metacognitive monitoring. We provide the description of the factors that can moderate metacognitive monitoring judgments accuracy, the reasons of its importance, the summary of three general classes of cues, and some significant studies about the measures of metacognitive monitoring. The types of outcome measures of metacognitive monitoring (such as absolute accuracy, relative accuracy, bias, scatter, and discrimination) are also analyzed. Moreover, we describe some major impacts of effective calibration on the assessment of subjective confidence.Methods. The theoretical and comparative methods of studying metacognitive monitoring accuracy and peculiar nature of different measures of metacognitive monitoring have been taken into account. The necessity in studying such aspects of metacognitive monitoring accuracy measures has been caused by its impact on students’ learning activity.Results. Metacognitive monitoring is an important component of metacognition, as well as of self-regulated learning. The research provides hindsight into the background of metacognitive monitoring measures. The current intention was to describe some theoretical and methodological aspects of the accuracy and discrepancies of metacognitive judgments. The learners’ ability to discriminate what is known and how it is possible to get to accurate knowledge judgments is an inevitable part of the learning process and is worthy further investigation in both psychological and educational studies.Conclusions. The results of the theoretical analysis found in the study play a significant role in the studying of metacognitive monitoring of university students’ learning activity. The peculiarities of measures of metacognitive monitoring are an important issue for future research.Key words: metacognitive monitoring, measures, absolute accuracy, relative accuracy, calibration. Мета. Стаття зосереджена на аналізі деяких теоретичних та методологічних аспектів огляду способів вимірювання метакогнітивного моніторингу. Зокрема, ми виділяємо деякі наявні в психологічних дослідженнях підходи до вивчення способів вимірювання точності та розбіжностей метакогнітивного моніторингу. Ми досліджуємо чинники, які можуть зменшити точність суджень метакогнітивного моніторингу, причини важливості питання, подаємо короткий аналіз трьох загальних класів підказок метакогнітивних суджень, а також опис цілої низки важливих досліджень щодо особливостей вимірювання точності метакогнітивного моніторингу. Також аналізуються види показників точності, що вини-кають у результаті здійснення суджень метакогнітивного моніторингу (це абсолютна точність, відносна точність, упередженість, розкид (розсіювання) значень та дискримінація). Навіть більше, ми описуємо деякі основні наслідки ефективного калібрування на оцінку суб’єктивної впевненості студентів.Методи. У дослідженні використані теоретичні та порівняльні методи вивчення точності метакогнітивного моніторингу та способів її вимірювання. Необхідність вивчення таких аспектів цього питання зумовлена впливом точності метакогнітивного моніторингу на навчальну діяльність студентів. Результати. Метакогнітивний моніторинг є важливим складником як метапізнання, так і саморегульованого навчання. У дослідженні здійснено огляд способів вимірювання метакогнітивного моніторингу. Метою було – здійснити аналіз особливостей способів вимірювання метакогнітивного моніторингу, описати деякі теоретичні та методологічні аспекти точності та розбіжностей метакогнітивних суджень. Здатність тих, хто навчається, розрізняти між тим, що відомо і що ні, а також способи сприяння точності метакогнітивних суджень, є невід’ємною частиною навчального процесу, і тому питання потребує подальшого вивчення.Висновки. Pезультати теоретичного аналізу, виявлені в дослідженні, відіграють вагому роль у вивченні метакогнітивного моніторингу навчальної діяльності студентів. Врахування особливостей способів вимірювання метакогнітивного моніторингу є важливим для подальших досліджень.Ключові слова: метакогнітивний моніторинг, вимірювання, абсолютна точність, відносна точність, калібрування.