Sol–gel derived germanium sulfide planar waveguides

The development of efficient luminescent systems, such as microcavities, solid state lasers, integrated optical amplifiers, optical sensors is the main topic in glass photonics. The building blocks of these systems are glass-ceramics activated by rare earth ions because they exhibit specific morphologic, structural and spectroscopic properties. Among various materials that could be used as nanocrystals to be imbedded in silica matrix, tin dioxide presents some interesting peculiarities, e.g. the presence of tin dioxide nanocrystals allows increase in both solubility and emission of rare earth ions. Here, we focus our attention on Er3+ - doped silica – tin dioxide photonic glass-ceramics fabricated by sol-gel route. Although the SiO2-SnO2:Er3+ could be fabricated in different geometrical systems: thin films, monoliths and planar waveguides we herein limit ourselves to the monoliths. The effective role of tin dioxide as luminescence sensitizer for Er3+ ions is confirmed by spectroscopic measurements and detailed fabrication protocols are discussed.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Low-Loss, Sol-Gel Planar Waveguides

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac00080a010 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 1254-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Lin. Yang ◽

S. Scott. Saavedra ◽

Neal R. Armstrong ◽

John. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Planar Waveguides ◽

Low Loss ◽

Fabrication And Characterization

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Structural and Spectroscopic Assessment of Er3+-Activated SiO2-HfO2 Glass Ceramics Planar Waveguides

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.55.56 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

L. Minati ◽

Giorgio Speranza ◽

Yoann Jestin ◽

Cristina Armellini ◽

Andrea Chiappini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Treatment ◽

Spinodal Decomposition ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Planar Waveguides ◽

Material Structure ◽

Crystalline Environment ◽

Concentration Threshold

Two series of xHfO2 - (100-x) SiO2 (x=10, 20, 30 mol%) glass-ceramics planar waveguides doped with 0.3 mol% Er3+ ions were prepared by the sol-gel route. A thermal treatment at 1000°C was applied to the second series of samples to nucleate HfO2 crystals. The waveguides were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the effect of the Hf concentration and of the annealing on the material structure. XPS shows that in the first series of samples a Hf concentration threshold exists. Above this threshold the material undergoes a spinodal decomposition with formation of HfO2 rich domains. In the second series of samples the presence of thermal treatment lowers the concentration threshold so that the phase separation occurs also at a Hf concentration of 10%mol. In the waveguides where spinodal decomposition in present, the emission spectra from the Er3+ ions reveal a sensible narrowing of the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 line. This demonstrates the presence of a crystalline environment for the Er3+ ions since the inhomogeneous broadening due to the disordered glassy network is suppressed. These results may have important implications for the fabrication of photonic devices with increased efficiency.

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OPTICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA AND RARE EARTH DOPED ALUMINA PLANAR WAVEGUIDES ELABORATED BY SOL-GEL PROCESS AND BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION

Advances in Energy Transfer Processes ◽

10.1142/9789812810960_0023 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

ANNE PILLONNET

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Pulsed Laser Deposition ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Planar Waveguides ◽

Laser Deposition ◽

Sol Gel Process ◽

Rare Earth Doped

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Characterization and Effect of Hydrogen Treatment and UV Irradiation on Photosensitive Sol−Gel Derived Aluminosilicate Planar Waveguides

The Journal of Physical Chemistry B ◽

10.1021/jp992767n ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 104 (5) ◽

pp. 926-930

Author(s):

J. M. Nedelec ◽

J. Grimblot ◽

S. Turrell ◽

M. Bouazaoui

Keyword(s):

Uv Irradiation ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Planar Waveguides ◽

Hydrogen Treatment

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Impressing technology of optical Bragg’s gratings on planar optical sol-gel waveguides

Opto-Electronics Review ◽

10.2478/s11772-006-0021-1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

T. Pustelny ◽

I. Zielonka ◽

C. Tyszkiewicz ◽

P. Karasiński ◽

B. Pustelny

Keyword(s):

Light Beam ◽

Gas Sensors ◽

Planar Waveguide ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Technical Problem ◽

Waveguide Structure ◽

Planar Waveguides ◽

Optical Systems ◽

Grating Couplers ◽

Toxic Gases

AbstractThe aim of the presented investigations was to develop a technique of producing Bragg’s grating couplers on planar waveguides. Waveguides are obtained by means of the sol-gel technology. The introduction of a light beam into the structure of the waveguide is in the case of planar or strip optical systems always an essential technical problem, requiring simple and reproducible solutions without extending excessively the waveguide structure. The paper presents a technology of producing grating couplers by impressing the pattern of the network while forming the planar waveguide structure applying the sol-gel method. Some remarks concerning the sol-gel technology are also presented. The results of investigations on grating couplers obtained in such a way have been discussed, too.Attention has been drawn to the possibility of using such structures in optoelectronic sensors, particularly gas sensors, including sensors of water vapour as well as toxic gases.

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Sol-Gel Synthesis of thin Films for use as Planar Waveguides

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-180-371 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 180 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G.W. Dale ◽

H.H. Fox ◽

Brian J.J. Zelinski ◽

Laura Weller-Brophy

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Planar Waveguides ◽

Antireflective Coatings ◽

Synthesis Techniques ◽

Prism Coupler ◽

University Of Arizona ◽

The University ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

SiO2-TiO2 sol-gel solutions and synthesis techniques have been developed to produce thin films of proper index, thickness and quality for use as planar waveguides. The composition of the synthesized films ranged from 50 to 68 mole % TiO2 and produced layers with indices ranging from 1.7 to 1.8. Final film thicknesses ranged from 1000 to 3000 A and varied as a function of the coating chemistry and conditions. Also, changes in film shrinkage and index with heat treatment were determined and compared to literature data on similar films used as antireflective coatings. Finally, confirmation of the waveguiding qualities of these films was made through prism coupler measurements conducted by the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center.

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