Variations in the ratio of particle to magnetic field energy density, as observed by Ulysses/HI-SCALE

Author(s):  
G. Kasotakis ◽  
E.T. Sarris ◽  
P. Marhavilas ◽  
N. Sidiropoulos ◽  
P. Trochoutsos ◽  
...  
2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 86-1-86-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hnat ◽  
S. C. Chapman ◽  
G. Rowlands ◽  
N. W. Watkins ◽  
W. M. Farrell

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hnat ◽  
S. C. Chapman ◽  
K. Kiyani ◽  
G. Rowlands ◽  
N. W. Watkins

The problem investigated is: what happens to a rotating black hole sunk in a vacuum magnetic field, constantly aligned at angle γ to its rotation axis far from the hole? The Newman-Penrose quantities Φ 0 and ρ -2 Φ 2 , which describe the radiation parts of the external field, are obtained as solutions to the Teukolsky equation with appropriate boundary conditions. From these two quantities the complete distant asymptotic form of the electromagnetic field is constructed via the four-vector potential A i , it by using the method of Chandrasekhar. Changes in the angular momentum of the hole are calculated. The component perpendicular to the field decreases exponentially with time according to the law J ⊥ = ( J ⊥ ) initial exp (- t ⊤ -1 ), Where ⊤ -1 =16/3 π G 2 c -5 (mass of hole) x (distant magnetic field energy-density), while the component parallel to the field remains constant. No energy emerges from the hole, kinetic rotational energy instead transforming into irreducible mass. This is precisely the outcome known from study of the slowly rotating hole. Extension of the result is of astrophysical relevance, since a real black hole may be rotating relatively fast. And it is of some theoretical interest that terms of second and higher order in angular momentum make no difference to the spin-down behaviour.


1990 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
J.C. Henoux ◽  
B.V. Somov

Velocities of electrons, ions and neutrals are computed in the three-fluid approximation for an axisymmetrical magnetic field. By prescribing a radial dependence of the velocity of neutrals in agreement with a downflow, the radial dependence of the magnetic field energy density is derived for a given set of values of the magnetic field at the central and external boundaries. Flux-tube cooling by advection of ionization energy is found to be significant. Vortices in the low photosphere could produce significant electric power and DC current intensity along the coronal magnetic lines of forces. The velocities of neutrals, the size and the number of flux-tubes required to power flares in plage regions, are estimated.


We solve Maxwell’s equations in the vacuum space-time of the slowly rotating black hole (terms of second and higher order in angular momentum are ignored), with a homogeneous magnetic field aligned at angle γ to the rotation axis as boundary condition far from the hole, assuming that the field is always so weak as to have no influence upon the background metric. The solution is used to find the change of angular momentum of the hole. The component perpendicular to the field decreases exponentially with time according to the law J ⊥ = ( J ⊥ ) initial exp ( – t ז -1 ) where ז -1 = 1 6/3π G 2 c -5 (mass of hole) (magnetic field energy density at infinity), while the component parallel to the field remains constant. The axis of rotation of the black hole is thus caused to come into alignment with the magnetic field, although so gradually as to render remote the prospect of observational confirmation for any easily conceived astrophysical situation. With the chosen boundary condition on the field, no energy emerges from the hole, kinetic energy of rotation being transformed instead into irreducible mass.


2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 1591-1601
Author(s):  
R. SCHLICKEISER

In powerful cosmic nonthermal radiation sources with dominant magnetic-field self generation, the generation of magnetic fields at almost equipartition strength by relativistic plasma instabilities operates as fast as the acceleration or injection of ultra-high energy radiating electrons and hadrons in these sources. Consequently, the magnetic field strength becomes time-dependent and adjusts itself to the actual kinetic energy density of the radiating electrons in these sources. This coupling of the magnetic field and the magnetic field energy density to the kinetic energy of the radiating particles changes both the intrinsic temporal evolution of the relativistic particle energy spectrum after injection and the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton emissivities.


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