scholarly journals 498: Bacteriophage and antibiotic resistance detected by metagenomic sequencing in the cystic fibrosis airway microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S235
Author(s):  
A. Hahn ◽  
A. Burrell ◽  
H. Chaney ◽  
I. Sami ◽  
A. Koumbourlis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Airway ◽  
Airway Microbiome

scholarly journals Untargeted Metagenomic Investigation of the Airway Microbiome of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Moderate-Severe Lung Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bacci ◽  
Giovanni Taccetti ◽  
Daniela Dolce ◽  
Federica Armanini ◽  
Nicola Segata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Taxonomic Profiling ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Airway Microbiome

Although the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung microbiota has been characterized in several studies, little is still known about the temporal changes occurring at the whole microbiome level using untargeted metagenomic analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the taxonomic and functional temporal dynamics of the lower airway microbiome in a cohort of CF patients. Multiple sputum samples were collected over 15 months from 22 patients with advanced lung disease regularly attending three Italian CF Centers, given a total of 79 samples. DNA extracted from samples was subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing allowing both strain-level taxonomic profiling and assessment of the functional metagenomic repertoire. High inter-patient taxonomic heterogeneity was found with short-term compositional changes across clinical status. Each patient exhibited distinct sputum microbial communities at the taxonomic level, and strain-specific colonization of both traditional and atypical CF pathogens. A large core set of genes, including antibiotic resistance genes, were shared across patients despite observed differences in clinical status, and consistently detected in the lung microbiome of all subjects independently from known antibiotic exposure. In conclusion, an overall stability in the microbiome-associated genes was found despite taxonomic fluctuations of the communities.

scholarly journals Polymicrobial Interactions in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome Impact the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Emma Reece ◽  
Pedro H. de Almeida Bettio ◽  
Julie Renwick
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Airway ◽  
Airway Microbiome ◽  
Diverse Community

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most dominant pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease and contributes to significant inflammation, airway damage, and poorer disease outcomes. The CF airway is now known to be host to a complex community of microorganisms, and polymicrobial interactions have been shown to play an important role in shaping P. aeruginosa pathogenicity and resistance. P. aeruginosa can cause chronic infections that once established are almost impossible to eradicate with antibiotics. CF patients that develop chronic P. aeruginosa infection have poorer lung function, higher morbidity, and a reduced life expectancy. P. aeruginosa adapts to the CF airway and quickly develops resistance to several antibiotics. A perplexing phenomenon is the disparity between in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing and clinical response. Considering the CF airway is host to a diverse community of microorganisms or ‘microbiome’ and that these microorganisms are known to interact, the antimicrobial resistance and progression of P. aeruginosa infection is likely influenced by these microbial relationships. This review combines the literature to date on interactions between P. aeruginosa and other airway microorganisms and the influence of these interactions on P. aeruginosa tolerance to antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Changes in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome in Response to CFTR Modulator Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buqing Yi ◽  
Alexander H. Dalpke ◽  
Sébastien Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Treatment Scheme ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Airway ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Airway Microbiome ◽  
Airway Physiology

The development of CFTR modulator therapies significantly changed the treatment scheme of people with cystic fibrosis. However, CFTR modulator therapy is still a life-long treatment, which is not able to correct the genetic defect and cure the disease. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand the effects of such modulation of CFTR function on the airway physiology, especially on airway infections and inflammation that are currently the major life-limiting factors in people with cystic fibrosis. In this context, understanding the dynamics of airway microbiome changes in response to modulator therapy plays an essential role in developing strategies for managing airway infections. Whether and how the newly available therapies affect the airway microbiome is still at the beginning of being deciphered. We present here a brief review summarizing the latest information about microbiome alterations in light of modern cystic fibrosis modulator therapy.

The cystic fibrosis airway microbiome

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey R. Rabin ◽  
Michael G. Surette
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Airway ◽  
Airway Microbiome

scholarly journals Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome: Overturning the Old, Opening the Way for the New

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Airway ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Airway Microbiome ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTThe genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with chronic airway infections that are a proximal cause of death in many patients with this affliction. Classic microbiology studies focusing on canonical pathogens resulted in the development of a common set of views regarding the nature of the airway infections associated with this disease, and these ideas have influenced everything from the way infections are treated to how clinical trials for new CF-targeted antibiotics are designed and the focus of CF-related research topics. Recent culture-independent studies have prompted us to rethink, and in some cases discard, some of these long-held views. In this piece, I argue that an updated view of the complicated chronic infections associated with CF, thanks in large part to culture-independent studies of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, should be leveraged to develop new strategies to treat these recalcitrant infections.

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