A New Example of the Scientific Bias Caused by the English Language: the American Guide for Treating Tobacco Use

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
José Ignacio de Granda-Orive ◽  
Segismundo Solano-Reina ◽  
Carlos Jiménez-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
English Language

scholarly journals Portrayal of smoking in Nigerian online videos: a medium for tobacco advertising and promotion?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegoke Oloruntoba Adelufosi ◽  
Olukayode Abayomi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Home Video ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Home Videos ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Cigarette Brand ◽  
Online Videos ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Specific Search

The Nigerian home video industry, popularly known as <em>Nollywood</em> is a booming industry, with increasing numbers of easily accessible online videos. The aim of this study was to analyse the contents of popular Nigerian online videos to determine the prevalence of smoking imageries and their public health implications. Using specific search terms, popular English language and indigenous Yoruba language, Nigerian home videos uploaded on <em>YouTube</em> in 2013 were identified and sorted based on their view counts. Data on smoking related scenes such as smoking incidents, context of tobacco use, depiction of cigarette brand, gender of smokers and film rating were collected. Of the 60 online videos whose contents were assessed in this study, 26 (43.3%) had scenes with cigarrete smoking imageries. The mean (SD) smoking incident was 2.7 (1.6), giving an average of one smoking incident for every 26 to 27 min of film. More than half (53.8%) of the films with tobacco use had high smoking imageries. An average of 2 characters per film smoked, mostly in association with acts of criminality or prostitution (57.7%) and alcohol use (57.7%). There were scenes of the main protagonists smoking in 73.1% of the films with scenes of female protagonists smoking (78.9%) more than the male protagonists (21.1%). Smoking imageries are common in popular Nigerian online movies. Given the wide reach of online videos, their potential to be viewed by people from different cultures and to negatively influence youngsters, it is important that smoking portrayals in online movies are controlled.

Tobacco content in video on demand services in low- and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Fitzpatrick ◽  
D Byrne ◽  
J Cranwell ◽  
A Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Smoking Uptake ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background There is clear evidence that exposure to tobacco is linked to smoking uptake. The economic and social burden of diseases associated with smoking is particularly high in low-and middle-income countries, where smoking uptake is high and exposure to tobacco use and branded content is widespread. Streamed content exhibits consistently higher levels of tobacco content than broadcast media and these levels have increased. The prevalence of smoking and tobacco content in video-on-demand (VOD) services is troubling given their popularity with youth audiences and the ease with which content can be accessed by children. This is because barriers to youth consumption that exist for film or broadcast media, including content gatekeepers, are absent. Methods The most popular VOD series from 10 low- and middle-income countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Ukraine and Vietnam) were identified based on demand expressions and coded for individual depictions of tobacco. 18 series were analysed, representing a mix of international content in several languages. 111 episodes, totalling 81.4 hours of coded content, were analysed for tobacco depictions and characterisation of smoking characters. Results Tobacco content was prevalent and particularly prominent in non-English language series, where readily identifiable “stars” frequently partook in smoking. Cigarettes dominated tobacco imagery, with other forms (pipes and electronic nicotine delivery systems) rarely appearing. Notably, there were several incidents featuring well-known brands. Given that access to VOD services is difficult to moderate, youth audiences can easily access programming featuring high levels of tobacco use by identifiable characters, played by well-known actors. A lack of control regarding consumption of streamed content means that it is extremely important for content producers like Netflix and Amazon to ensure VOD content is suitable for youth audiences. Key messages Tobacco content in video-on demand services is increasing. Tobacco exposure is linked to smoking uptake.

scholarly journals PhenX: Host: Social/Cognitive measures for tobacco regulatory research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s5-s12
Author(s):  
Megan E Piper ◽  
Darigg C Brown ◽  
Tabitha P Hendershot ◽  
Gary E Swan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Research Collection

A working group (WG) of experts from diverse fields related to nicotine and tobacco addiction was convened to identify elements and measures from the Host: Social/Cognitive domain to include in the Tobacco Regulatory Research Collection in the PhenX Toolkit, a catalogue of measures for biomedical research. This paper describes the methods used to identify, select, approve and include measures in the toolkit with potential relevance to users of both conventional and newer tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). In addition to 25 complementary measures primarily focused on cigarette use already present in the PhenX Toolkit, the WG recommended 11 additional social/cognitive measures focused on children and adult users or potential users of tobacco products. Of these, 10 were self-administered measures: frequency of communication with parents about smoking, quality of communication with parents about smoking, susceptibility to tobacco use, behaviour economics/purchase behaviour, motivation to quit (both single and multi-item measures), hedonic tone or response to pleasurable situations, multigroup ethnic identity, peer and family influence on smoking, attentional control and house rules about tobacco use. The remaining selected measure was computer based (distress tolerance). Although validated tools for use in the Host: Social/Cognitive realm are available, much remains to be done to develop, standardise and validate the tools for application to users of e-cigarettes and other non-combusted tobacco products, non-English language speakers and adolescents.

Methods for Translating an English-Language Survey Questionnaire on Tobacco Use into Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, and Vietnamese

Field Methods ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara H. Forsyth ◽  
Martha Stapleton Kudela ◽  
Kerry Levin ◽  
Deirdre Lawrence ◽  
Gordon B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Survey Questionnaire

scholarly journals Association between Tobacco and Tuberculosis: A short narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Shilpa Gupta ◽  
Reena Jhamtani C ◽  
Nilesh Jain ◽  
Mahienoor Attarwala Z
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
New Research

Tobacco use increases the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB), and blights the response to treatment of the disease. Although Links between Tobacco and TB have long been suspected, still many Indian patients continue to use tobacco. Our goal is to couple reviews of older and new research to provide definitive evidence of this dangerous connection so as to put an end to the TB epidemic.: Search of studies with English language abstract published between 2000 to June 2020 was undertaken in Google Scholar and PubMed. Search included the use of keywords “tobacco” with “tuberculosis,” “cessation,” or ‘’Tuberculosis Control Programme’’. Reference lists of the articles were examined for other relevant titles that included effective estimates of tobacco exposure in relation to tuberculosis outcomes.: Available evidence shows a strong association between tobacco and tuberculosis. People who use tobacco unknowingly put themselves at high risk of getting this disease. Reduction in the prevalence of tobacco use is urgent to bring about collateral benefits in the control of the TB problem.It is high time that TB control programs must begin to address tobacco control. Within the healthcare system opportunities must be created to provide encouragement for the TB patients so that it is easier for them to overcome this addiction.There urgent need for research in the field of tobacco and tuberculosis so as to reduce the burden of tuberculosis in India.

scholarly journals Use of implementation science in tobacco control intervention studies in the USA between 2000 and 2020: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038617
Author(s):  
Rebecca Selove ◽  
Sarah Neil-Sztramko ◽  
Jennifer Leng ◽  
Philip D Walker ◽  
Ramzi George Salloum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Usa

AbstractIntroductionDespite continuing efforts to reduce tobacco use in the USA, decline in smoking rates have stalled and smoking remains a major contributor to preventable death. Implementation science could potentially improve uptake and impact of evidence-based tobacco control interventions; however, no previous studies have systematically examined how implementation science has been used in this field. Our scoping review will describe the use of implementation science in tobacco control in the USA, identify relevant gaps in research and suggest future directions for implementation science application to tobacco control.Methods and analysisOur team, including a medical research librarian, will conduct a scoping review guided primarily by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. We will search English language peer-reviewed literature published from 2000 to 31 December 2020 for terms synonymous with ‘tobacco use’, ‘prevention’, ‘cessation’ and ‘implementation science’. The databases included in this search are MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (ProQuest), ERIC (ProQuest) and the Cochrane Library (Wiley). We will include cohort and quasi-experimental studies, single-group experiments and randomised trials that report qualitative and/or quantitative data related to applying implementation science to the planning and/or delivery of interventions to prevent or decrease the use of tobacco products. Studies must target potential or active tobacco users, intervention providers such as educators or healthcare professionals, or US policy-makers. A minimum of two reviewers will independently examine each title and abstract for relevance, and each eligible full text for inclusion and analysis. Use of implementation science, demonstrated by explicit reference to implementation frameworks, strategies or outcomes, will be extracted from included studies and summarised.Ethics and disseminationThis study is exempt from ethics board approval. We will document the equity-orientation of included studies with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Equity Extension checklist. Results will be submitted for conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberOpen Science Framework Registry (6YRK8).

Young Spanish-English Language Learners' Cognate Facilitation on Picture Naming

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (Spring) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Leacox ◽  
Carla Wood ◽  
Gretchen Sunderman ◽  
Christopher Schatschneider
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
English Language

Assessment 360°: A Panoramic Framework for Assessing English Language Learners

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Lewis ◽  
Nancy Castilleja ◽  
Barbara J. Moore ◽  
Barbara Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Diverse Student ◽  
Many Sources

This issue describes the Assessment 360° process, which takes a panoramic approach to the language assessment process with school-age English Language Learners (ELLs). The Assessment 360° process guides clinicians to obtain information from many sources when gathering information about the child and his or her family. To illustrate the process, a bilingual fourth grade student whose native language (L1) is Spanish and who has been referred for a comprehensive language evaluation is presented. This case study features the assessment issues typically encountered by speech-language pathologists and introduces assessment through a panoramic lens. Recommendations specific to the case study are presented along with clinical implications for assessment practices with culturally and linguistically diverse student populations.

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