scholarly journals P357 Treatment practice for IBD-associated anaemia remains out of tune with recommendations a two year follow-up survey in five European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S151-S152
Author(s):  
J. Stein ◽  
P.B.S. Bager ◽  
R. Befrits ◽  
C. Gasche ◽  
B. Kamcev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Treatment Practice

scholarly journals Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Mehanović ◽  
Federica Vigna-Taglianti ◽  
Fabrizio Faggiano ◽  
Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽  
Barbara Zunino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

scholarly journals Development and validation of two SCORE-based cardiovascular risk prediction models for Eastern Europe: a multicohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (35) ◽  
pp. 3325-3333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taavi Tillmann ◽  
Kristi Läll ◽  
Oliver Dukes ◽  
Giovanni Veronesi ◽  
Hynek Pikhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Risk Prediction Models ◽  
Derivation Cohort ◽  
Score Model ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Aims Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models are used in Western European countries, but less so in Eastern European countries where rates of CVD can be two to four times higher. We recalibrated the SCORE prediction model for three Eastern European countries and evaluated the impact of adding seven behavioural and psychosocial risk factors to the model. Methods and results We developed and validated models using data from the prospective HAPIEE cohort study with 14 598 participants from Russia, Poland, and the Czech Republic (derivation cohort, median follow-up 7.2 years, 338 fatal CVD cases) and Estonian Biobank data with 4632 participants (validation cohort, median follow-up 8.3 years, 91 fatal CVD cases). The first model (recalibrated SCORE) used the same risk factors as in the SCORE model. The second model (HAPIEE SCORE) added education, employment, marital status, depression, body mass index, physical inactivity, and antihypertensive use. Discrimination of the original SCORE model (C-statistic 0.78 in the derivation and 0.83 in the validation cohorts) was improved in recalibrated SCORE (0.82 and 0.85) and HAPIEE SCORE (0.84 and 0.87) models. After dichotomizing risk at the clinically meaningful threshold of 5%, and when comparing the final HAPIEE SCORE model against the original SCORE model, the net reclassification improvement was 0.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02–0.11] in the derivation cohort and 0.14 (95% CI 0.04–0.25) in the validation cohort. Conclusion Our recalibrated SCORE may be more appropriate than the conventional SCORE for some Eastern European populations. The addition of seven quick, non-invasive, and cheap predictors further improved prediction accuracy.

Is adjuvant oxaliplatin (Ox) overutilized in colon cancer (CC)? 408 cases from the practices of 102 oncologists.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 479-479
Author(s):  
Neil Love ◽  
Axel Grothey ◽  
Alan Paul Venook ◽  
Atif Mahmoud Hussein ◽  
Jonathan Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Score ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Treatment Benefit ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Physician Perceptions ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Asco 2012

479 Background: Recent long-term clinical trial follow-up suggests that adding Ox to a fluoropyrimidine (FP) may provide less benefit in adjuvant CC than originally believed (Tournigand JCO 2012). In addition, emerging data on tissue biomarkers such as microsatellite mismatch repair (MMR) and the 12-gene Recurrence Score (RS) suggest these assays may be helpful in better defining treatment benefit, and a new report provides evidence that RS may specifically predict the value of Ox. (O’Connell ASCO 2012) In view of these developments we sought to document current use of adjuvant chemotherapy and physician perceptions about these decisions. Methods: US-based oncologists were recruited to complete a survey and contribute treatment data for their last 3 patients (pts) with stage II disease and last pt with a stage III tumor. Results: 25 gastrointestinal cancer clinical investigators and 77 practicing oncologists participated, providing data from a total of 408 cases (92% treated since 2011). Findings from the 2 groups are similar and are presented in aggregate. A median of 9 and 15 pts annually were evaluated with stage II and III tumors, respectively. Clinicians stated that they require a median of a 5% absolute reduction in relapse rate to use a FP alone and an additional 5% reduction to add Ox. Ox/FP was administered to 95 of 102 pts with stage III tumors (93%) and 85 of 306 pts with stage II disease (28%), particularly to those under age 70 or with T4 tumors (Table). MMR was evaluated in 127 pts (42%) with stage II and 20 pts (20%) with stage III disease. RS was obtained for 46 pts (15%) with stage II tumors, but only 2 pts (2%) with stage III. Conclusions: Adjuvant Ox is employed extensively in spite of the fact that it may provide less benefit than many oncologists report requiring to initiate its use. However, several recent research developments may be laying the groundwork for a change in this treatment practice. [Table: see text]

Increasing Shelf Life of Strawberries Using an Irradiation-Cooling Process

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahacine Amrani
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Impact Study ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Micro Organisms

The strawberry culture in Morocco knew a fast development since the first tests of modern culture in the areas of favorable microclimates. This culture covers up to 20% of the cultures under shelter and is intended not only for local consumption and for the Moroccan agro-industrial sector but also for export to European countries. The strawberry is a fragile fruit which is degraded easily. Its high content of sugar allows for the development of the micro-organisms and the rate of rot of the fruit. In fact, it is of interest to develop and improve techniques of conservation in order to limit the post-harvest losses. In this work, an impact study of refrigeration combined with ionization was carried out with the aim of optimizing the shelf life of the strawberry without deteriorating its organoleptic qualities. A follow-up of the evolution of the mesoaerobes, yeasts, and moulds, as well as coliforms, was carried out for the ionized strawberries with various doses and preserved at 2 and 7 °C, with an aim of determining the best combination dose-temperature of storage for the strawberries.

Reaching the plateau: A follow up study on active adolescent Catholics.

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rymarz
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Follow Up Study

The weakening of religious identity amongst young people from so-called mainstream Churches is a well-described phenomenon in Australia as well as a number of European countries. This paper attempts to get a better understanding of this process by reinterviewing, three years after initial. contact, six active Catholic adolescents on their religious beliefs, practices, and identity. As a way of explaining the disaffiliation process, the concept of a Catholic plateau is introduced. It is typified by reaching a level of maximum commitment relatively early. and then 'experiencing a stabilization often followed by a gradual reduction in commitment. The paper will focus on factors such as changing social networking to help explain this phenomenon. The paper will rely on the narratives of these adolescents to illustrate various stages of the Catholic plateau.

scholarly journals Title: “Using data on snus use in Sweden to compare different modelling approaches to estimate the population health impact of introducing a smoke-free tobacco product”

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smilja Djurdjevic ◽  
Laszlo Pecze ◽  
Rolf Weitkunat ◽  
Frank Luedicke ◽  
John Fry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Abstract Background We have developed an approach for modelling the health impact of introducing new smoke-free tobacco products. We wished to compare its estimates with those of alternative approaches, when applied to snus, used in Sweden for many years.Methods Modelling was restricted to men aged 30-79 years for 1980-2009 and to four smoking-related diseases. Mortality data were extracted for Sweden and other European countries. Published data provided Swedish prevalence estimates for combinations of never/former/current smoking and snus use, and smoking prevalence estimates for other European countries. Approach 1 compares mortality in Sweden and in other countries with a smoking prevalence similar to Sweden’s prevalence of combined smoking/snus use. Approaches 2 and 3 compare mortality in Sweden with hypothetical mortality had snus users smoked. Approach 3 uses our health impact model, individuals starting with the tobacco prevalence of Sweden in 1980. Tobacco histories during 30-year follow-up were then estimated using transition probabilities, with risk derived using a negative exponential model. Approach 2 uses annual tobacco prevalence estimates coupled with estimates of relative risk of current and former smokers regardless of history. The main applications of Approaches 2 and 3 assume that only smoking affects mortality, though sensitivity analyses using Approach 3 allow for risk to vary in snus users and dual users.Results Using Approach 2, estimated mortality increases in Sweden in 1980-2009 had snus not been introduced were: lung cancer 8,786; COPD 1,781; IHD 10,409; stroke 1,720. The main Approach 3 estimates were similar (7,931; 1,969; 12,501; 1,901). They decreased as risk in snus users and dual users increased. Approach 1 estimates differed wildly (77,762; 32,538; 77,438; 76,946), remaining very different following correction for differences between Sweden and the comparison countries in non-smoking-related disease mortality.Conclusions Approach 1 is unreliable, accounting inadequately for non-tobacco factors affecting mortality. Approaches 2 and 3 provide reasonably similar approximate estimates of the mortality increase had snus not been available, but have differing advantages and disadvantages. Only Approach 3 considers tobacco history, but develops histories using tobacco transition probabilities, which is possibly less reliable than using estimated tobacco prevalences at each follow-up year.

De invloed van psychosociale en fysieke werkgerelateerde factoren op vroegpensioen in elf Europese landen

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan J.W. Robroek ◽  
Tilja I.J. Van den Berg ◽  
Alex Burdorf
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Share Study

The role of work-related factors on early retirement in 11 European countries The role of work-related factors on early retirement in 11 European countries Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 24, November 2011, nr. 4, pp. 451-463.With the ageing population there is a need to increase work participation. The longitudinal ‘Survey on Health and Ageing in Europe’ (SHARE-study) makes it possible to identify possible predictors of early retirement. The hypothesis is that poor working conditions might predict early retirement. The SHARE-study contains data from 4,673 workers aged 50-60 year with paid employment at baseline and information on work status during the four-year follow-up. During the follow-up period 14% of the workers exited the workforce due to early retirement. A low educational level, excessive alcohol consumption, a reduced self-perceived health, and a lack of job control were the most important predictors of early retirement. Preventive interventions aimed to prevent health problems might contribute to the prevention of early exit from work.

Characteristics of offenders deemed not guilty by reason of insanity in Portugal

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Almeida ◽  
Olindina Graça ◽  
Fernando Vieira ◽  
Nuno Almeida ◽  
Jorge Costa Santos
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Special Population ◽  
Inpatient Stay ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Special Hospital

In Portugal, offenders found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI), may be given a restricted order to a special hospital as an alternative to prison. In European countries there is a recognized need for data concerning this special population. The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of all the NGRI subjects ( n = 274) detained in the country in a descriptive and retrospective survey conducted in January 2009. Offence committed, demographic factors, diagnosis at admission, background of substance abuse and diagnostic stability were recorded. Schizophrenia was the commonest diagnosis (51.5%). Mean population age was 42.6 years, with only 6.2% women. Homicide was the most common offense (41.2%). A background of substance abuse was found in 42.3% of subjects. There were significant differences in the schizophrenia and mental retardation patient groups when compared individually with the other diagnoses concerning homicide and arson as the offence. Mean duration of inpatient stay did not differ significantly between diagnoses. The findings also point to poor follow-up of the NGRI patients after admission.

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