scholarly journals Solving the Einstein Equations by Lipschitz Continuous Metrics: Shock Waves in General Relativity

2003 ◽  
pp. 501-595
Author(s):  
Jeff Groah ◽  
Joel Smoller ◽  
Blake Temple
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Lipschitz Continuous

scholarly journals Dust content solutions for the Alcubierre warp drive spacetime

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo L. Santos-Pereira ◽  
Everton M. C. Abreu ◽  
Marcelo B. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Burgers Equation ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Massive Particle ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Inviscid Fluid ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
Vacuum Solutions

Abstract The Alcubierre metric is a spacetime geometry where a massive particle inside a spacetime distortion, called warp bubble, is able to travel at velocities arbitrarily higher than the velocity of light, a feature known as the warp drive. This is a consequence of general relativity, which allows for global superluminal velocities but restricts local speeds to subluminal ones as required by special relativity. In this work we solved the Einstein equations for the Alcubierre warp drive spacetime geometry considering the dust matter distribution as source, since the Alcubierre metric was not originally advanced as a solution of the Einstein equations, but as a spacetime geometry proposed without a source gravity field. We found that all Einstein equations solutions of this geometry containing pressureless dust lead to vacuum solutions. We also concluded that these solutions connect the Alcubierre metric to the Burgers equation, which describes shock waves moving through an inviscid fluid. Our results also indicated that these shock waves behave as plane waves.

scholarly journals CAN f(R) GRAVITY MIMIC GENERAL RELATIVITY?

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE-AN GU
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Modified Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Higher Order Differential Equations

We discuss the stability of the general-relativity (GR) limit in modified theories of gravity, particularly the f(R) theory. The problem of approximating the higher-order differential equations in modified gravity with the Einstein equations (2nd-order differential equations) in GR is elaborated. We demonstrate this problem with a heuristic example involving a simple ordinary differential equation. With this example we further present the iteration method that may serve as a better approximation for solving the equation, meanwhile providing a criterion for assessing the validity of the approximation. We then discuss our previous numerical analyses of the early-time evolution of the cosmological perturbations in f(R) gravity, following the similar ideas demonstrated by the heuristic example. The results of the analyses indicated the possible instability of the GR limit that might make the GR approximation inaccurate in describing the evolution of the cosmological perturbations in the long run.

scholarly journals Lagrangian formulation of Newtonian cosmology

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Vieira ◽  
V.B. Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Lagrangian Formulation ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Lagrangian Formalism ◽  
Newtonian Cosmology

In this paper, we use the Lagrangian formalism of classical mechanics and some assumptions to obtain cosmological differential equations analogous to Friedmann and Einstein equations, obtained from the theory of general relativity. This method can be used to a universe constituted of incoherent matter, that is, the cosmologic substratum is comprised of dust.

scholarly journals Kodama Time, Entropy Bounds, the Raychaudhuri  Equation, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gabriel Abreu
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Surface Gravity ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Raychaudhuri Equation ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space ◽  
Entropy Bounds

<p>General Relativity, while ultimately based on the Einstein equations, also allows one to quantitatively study some aspects of the theory without explicitly solving the Einstein equations. These geometrical notions of the theory provide an insight to the nature of more general spacetimes. In this thesis, the Raychaudhuri equation, the choice of the coordinate system, the notions of surface gravity and of entropy, and restrictions on negative energy densities on the form of the Quantum Interest Conjecture, will be discussed. First, using the Kodama vector, a geometrically preferred coordinate system is built. With this coordinate system the usual quantities, such as the Riemann and Einstein tensors, are calculated. Then, the notion of surface gravity is generalized in two different ways. The first generalization is developed considering radial ingoing and outgoing null geodesics, in situations of spherical symmetry. The other generalized surface gravity is a three-vector obtained from the spatial components of the redshifted four acceleration of a suitable set of fiducial observers. This vectorial surface gravity is then used to place a bound on the entropy of both static and rotating horizonless objects. This bound is obtain mostly by classical calculations, with a minimum use of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Additionally, several improved versions of the Raychaudhuri equation are developed and used in different scenarios, including a two congruence generalization of the equation. Ultimately semiclassical quantum general relativity is studied in the specific form of the Quantum Inequalities, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture. A variational proof of a version of the Quantum Interest Conjecture in (3 + 1)–dimensional Minkowski space is provided.</p>

scholarly journals Kodama Time, Entropy Bounds, the Raychaudhuri  Equation, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gabriel Abreu
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Surface Gravity ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Raychaudhuri Equation ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space ◽  
Entropy Bounds

<p>General Relativity, while ultimately based on the Einstein equations, also allows one to quantitatively study some aspects of the theory without explicitly solving the Einstein equations. These geometrical notions of the theory provide an insight to the nature of more general spacetimes. In this thesis, the Raychaudhuri equation, the choice of the coordinate system, the notions of surface gravity and of entropy, and restrictions on negative energy densities on the form of the Quantum Interest Conjecture, will be discussed. First, using the Kodama vector, a geometrically preferred coordinate system is built. With this coordinate system the usual quantities, such as the Riemann and Einstein tensors, are calculated. Then, the notion of surface gravity is generalized in two different ways. The first generalization is developed considering radial ingoing and outgoing null geodesics, in situations of spherical symmetry. The other generalized surface gravity is a three-vector obtained from the spatial components of the redshifted four acceleration of a suitable set of fiducial observers. This vectorial surface gravity is then used to place a bound on the entropy of both static and rotating horizonless objects. This bound is obtain mostly by classical calculations, with a minimum use of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Additionally, several improved versions of the Raychaudhuri equation are developed and used in different scenarios, including a two congruence generalization of the equation. Ultimately semiclassical quantum general relativity is studied in the specific form of the Quantum Inequalities, and the Quantum Interest Conjecture. A variational proof of a version of the Quantum Interest Conjecture in (3 + 1)–dimensional Minkowski space is provided.</p>

scholarly journals Using Algebraic Computing To Teach General Relativity And Cosmology

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Dumitru N. Vulcanov ◽  
Remus-Ştefan Ş. Boată
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Computer Algebra ◽  
Computer Algebra System ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Algebraic Programming ◽  
Algebraic Computing

AbstractThe article presents some new aspects and experience on the use of computer in teaching general relativity and cosmology for undergraduate students (and not only) with some experience in computer manipulation. Some years ago certain results were reported [1] using old fashioned computer algebra platforms but the growing popularity of graphical platforms as Maple and Mathematica forced us to adapt and reconsider our methods and programs. We will describe some simple algebraic programming procedures (in Maple with GrTensorII package) for obtaining and the study of some exact solutions of the Einstein equations in order to convince a dedicated student in general relativity about the utility of a computer algebra system.

scholarly journals Deformed General Relativity and Quantum Black Holes Interior

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Arruga ◽  
Jibril Ben Achour ◽  
Karim Noui
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Hamiltonian Constraint ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Full Generality ◽  
Full Theory ◽  
Effective Theories

Effective models of black holes interior have led to several proposals for regular black holes. In the so-called polymer models, based on effective deformations of the phase space of spherically symmetric general relativity in vacuum, one considers a deformed Hamiltonian constraint while keeping a non-deformed vectorial constraint, leading under some conditions to a notion of deformed covariance. In this article, we revisit and study further the question of covariance in these deformed gravity models. In particular, we propose a Lagrangian formulation for these deformed gravity models where polymer-like deformations are introduced at the level of the full theory prior to the symmetry reduction and prior to the Legendre transformation. This enables us to test whether the concept of deformed covariance found in spherically symmetric vacuum gravity can be extended to the full theory, and we show that, in the large class of models we are considering, the deformed covariance cannot be realized beyond spherical symmetry in the sense that the only deformed theory which leads to a closed constraints algebra is general relativity. Hence, we focus on the spherically symmetric sector, where there exist non-trivial deformed but closed constraints algebras. We investigate the possibility to deform the vectorial constraint as well and we prove that non-trivial deformations of the vectorial constraint with the condition that the constraints algebra remains closed do not exist. Then, we compute the most general deformed Hamiltonian constraint which admits a closed constraints algebra and thus leads to a well-defined effective theory associated with a notion of deformed covariance. Finally, we study static solutions of these effective theories and, remarkably, we solve explicitly and in full generality the corresponding modified Einstein equations, even for the effective theories which do not satisfy the closeness condition. In particular, we give the expressions of the components of the effective metric (for spherically symmetric black holes interior) in terms of the functions that govern the deformations of the theory.

scholarly journals Why many theories of shock waves are necessary: kinetic relations for non-conservative systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Berthon ◽  
Frédéric Coquel ◽  
Philippe G. LeFloch
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Hyperbolic Systems ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Phase Plane Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Relation ◽  
Lipschitz Continuous ◽  
Entropy Dissipation ◽  
Conservative Systems

For a class of non-conservative hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations endowed with a strictly convex mathematical entropy, we formulate the initial-value problem by supplementing the equations with a kinetic relation prescribing the rate of entropy dissipation across shock waves. Our condition can be regarded as a generalization to non-conservative systems of a similar concept introduced by Abeyaratne, Knowles and Truskinovsky for subsonic phase transitions and by LeFloch for non-classical undercompressive shocks to nonlinear hyperbolic systems. The proposed kinetic relation for non-conservative systems turns out to be equivalent, for the class of systems under consideration at least, to Dal Maso, LeFloch and Murat's definition based on a prescribed family of Lipschitz continuous paths. In agreement with previous theories, the kinetic relation should be derived from a phase-plane analysis of travelling-wave solutions associated with an augmented version of the non-conservative system. We illustrate with several examples that non-conservative systems arising in the applications fit in our framework, and for a typical model of turbulent fluid dynamics we provide a detailed analysis of the existence and properties of travelling waves which yields the corresponding kinetic function.

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