Oil Pollution from Operations and Shipwrecks

The most essential scientifific and practical task in the area of ecological safety of pipelines operation is the development and improvement of methods of purifification and restoration of oil-contaminated soils. One of the most effificient and cost effective methods is electrochemical purifification, that does not require the use of expensive chemical reagents and soil excavation. However, the consideration of non-uniform contamination of various soil sections is required. The article examines the features of the organization and technological infrastructure for electrochemical purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soils when using a single electrical energy source, a method for calculating the design parameters of the corresponding installation is proposed. Effificient purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soil when using a specifified voltage is possible through the use of different-sized electrodes. For each soil type, the amount of transmitted electric charge required for soil purifification is determined by the concentration of the contaminant. Allocation of cathodes and anodes as parallel batteries and their connection using individual buses is an effective and energy-effificient solution, since an almost-uniform electric fifield is created in an inter-electrode space, thus allowing the reduction of the interelectrode resistance of the medium.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF OIL POLLUTION AND BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PLANTS PHYTOREMEDIATE

SCIENTIFIC LIFE ◽

10.35679/1991-9476-2019-14-11-1705-1713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 1705-1713

Author(s):

Anna Grigoriadi ◽

◽

Yuliya Sotnikova ◽

Еvdokiya Novoselova ◽

Liliya Sattarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Biological Preparation ◽

The Impact

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Monitoring of Petroleum-Related Environmental Contamination Using Fluorescence Fingerprinting

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2006.029 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Literathy ◽

M. Quinn

Keyword(s):

Environmental Contamination ◽

Statistical Evaluation ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Danube River ◽

Aromatic Components ◽

Analytical Approaches

Petroleum and its refined products are considered the most complex contaminants frequently impacting the environment in significant quantities. They have heterogeneous chemical composition and alterations occur during environmental weathering. No single analytical method exists to characterize the petroleum-related environmental contamination. For monitoring, the analytical approaches include gravimetric, spectrometric and chromatographic methods having significant differences in their selectivity, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. Recording fluorescence fingerprints of the cyclohexane extracts of the water, suspended solids, sediment or soil samples and applying appropriate statistical evaluation (e.g. by correlating the concatenated emission spectra of the fingerprints of the samples with arbitrary standards (e.g. petroleum products)), provides a powerful, cost-effective analytical tool for characterization of the type of oil pollution and detecting the most harmful aromatic components of the petroleum contaminated matrix. For monitoring purposes, the level of the contamination can be expressed as the equivalent concentration of an appropriate characteristic standard, based on the fluorescence intensities at the relevant characteristic wavelengths. These procedures are demonstrated in the monitoring of petroleum-related pollution in the water and suspended sediment in the Danube river basin

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Oil pollution and fisheries

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1982.0050 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 297 (1087) ◽

pp. 401-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Short Term ◽

Fish Stocks ◽

Local Impacts ◽

Reduced Water ◽

Long Term Adverse Effects

The term ‘pollution’ is taken in its broadest sense and effects are recognized to be due to interference, tainting and toxicity. Each of these types of impact is discussed and assessed. It is concluded that no long-term adverse effects on fish stocks can be attributed to oil but that local impacts can be extremely damaging in the short term and that produce from specific localities can be tainted and unmarketable for long periods. In some coastal areas oil can be one among several contributors to reduced water quality, and the implications of this are discussed.

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Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of some trace elements in sediments and grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) along the Arabian Gulf coast, Saudi Arabia

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2020-0010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 77-96

Author(s):

Hameed Alsamadany ◽

Hassan S. Al-Zahrani ◽

El-Metwally M. Selim ◽

Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Gulf Coast ◽

Arabian Gulf ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Grey Mangrove

AbstractTo assess trace element concentrations (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni) in the mangrove swamps along the Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf, thirteen samples of surface sediment and leaves of grey mangrove, Avicennia marina were collected and analyzed. The detected trace element contents (μg g-1) in surface sediments were in the following descending order according to their mean values; Cr (49.18) > Zn (48.48) > Cu (43.06) > Pb (26.61) > Ni (22.88) > Cd (3.21). The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded their world average concentration of shale. The geo-accumulation, potential ecological risk and toxicity response indices demonstrated that trace elements have posed a considerable ecological risk, especially Cd. The inter-relationships between physico-chemical characters and trace elements suggests that grained particles of mud represent a noteworthy character in the distribution of trace elements compared to organic materials. Moreover, the results revealed that Zn was clearly bioaccumulated in leaf tissues A. marina. Dredging, landfilling, sewage effluents and oil pollution can be the paramount sources of pollution in the area under investigation.

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Changes of Heart Rate and Lipid Composition in Mytilus Edulis and Modiolus Modiolus Caused by Crude Oil Pollution and Low Salinity Effects

Journal of Xenobiotics ◽

10.3390/jox11020004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 46-60

Author(s):

Igor Bakhmet ◽

Natalia Fokina ◽

Tatiana Ruokolainen

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Mytilus Edulis ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Blue Mussels ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Crude Oil Pollution ◽

Modiolus Modiolus

Blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, inhabiting tidal zones, are naturally exposed to fluctuating environmental conditions (e.g., fluctuations in temperature and salinities), while horse mussels, Modiolus modiolus, live under relatively invariable shelf water conditions. The present investigation tested the hypothesis: blue mussels, in comparison to horse mussels, have an increased ability to tolerate the stress of pollution combined with low salinity. To assess the response of blue mussels and horse mussels to oil pollution at seawater salinities of 25 psu (normal) and 15 psu (low), we used a combination of heart rate and lipid composition as physiological and biochemical indicators, respectively. A sharp decrease in heart rate as well as important fluctuations in cardiac activity was observed under all oil concentrations. Modifications in the concentrations of the main membrane lipid classes (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol) and storage lipids (primarily triacylglycerols) in response to different crude oil concentrations were time- and dose-dependent. Both chosen indicators showed a high sensitivity to crude oil contamination. Furthermore, both bivalve species showed similar responses to oil pollution, suggesting a universal mechanism for biochemical adaptation to crude oil pollution.

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