Estimating the Magnitude of Private Collection of Points and Its Effects on Professional Survey Results

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Shott
Keyword(s):  
Professional Work ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Know How ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Probabilistic Survey ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Private Collections

ABSTRACTChipped-stone projectile points are used to mark the passage of time and cultures in the record. Archaeologists often recover points in surface survey, yet we do not know how many were found by private collectors before or after professional work. In a 1975–1977 Michigan probabilistic survey, professional archaeologists documented 30 private collections from 20 sample units. In those units, points found by private collectors outnumber professionally recovered ones by a factor of about 32. The survey region's point population estimated separately from the professional and private-collection samples differs by nearly an order of magnitude in favor of private collections, despite highly conservative assumptions about the latter. The number of points found in professional survey is inversely correlated with the number found in private collections, and the professional sample is more sparsely and randomly distributed. However, proportions of several common types are similar between professional and private collections. To the extent that large, reasonably complete samples of points are important for research and preservation, archaeologists must document private collections compiled in and near their survey areas.

Restoration of two great auk (Pinguinus impennis) eggs: Bourman Labrey's egg and the Scarborough egg

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
T. R. Birkhead ◽  
G. Axon ◽  
J. R. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Black Light ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Public Museums ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Time Of Collection ◽  
Extensive Damage

Most of the approximately 75 known eggs of the extinct great auk ( Pinguinus impennis) are in public museums, with a few in private collections. A small number of these eggs has sustained damage, either at the time of collection or subsequently, and two of these eggs are known to have been repaired. The two eggs suffered rather different types of damage and were subsequently restored using different techniques. The first, known as Bourman Labrey's egg, sustained extensive damage sometime prior to the 1840s, when the shell was broken into numerous pieces. This egg was repaired by William Yarrell in the 1840s, and when it was restored again in 2018, it was discovered that Yarrell's restoration had involved the use of an elaborate cardboard armature. This egg is currently in a private collection. The second egg, known as the Scarborough egg, bequeathed to the Scarborough Museum in 1877, was damaged (by unknown causes) and repaired, probably by the then curator at Scarborough, W. J. Clarke, in 1906. This egg was damaged when one or more pieces were broken adjacent to the blowhole at the narrow end (where there was some pre-existing damage). The media reports at the time exaggerated the extent of the damage, suggesting that the egg was broken almost in two. Possible reasons for this exaggeration are discussed. Recent examination using a black light and ultraviolet (UV) revealed that the eggshell had once borne the words, “a Penguin's Egg”, that were subsequently removed by scraping.

scholarly journals Biblioteki i księgozbiory prywatne w Mielcu doby zaborów

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Haptaś
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
The Town ◽  
Private Collections

Libraries and Private Book Collections in the Town of Mielec at the Time of the Partition of Poland: An Outline Libraries and private book collections in Mielec at the time of the partition of Poland have not been sufficiently traced and researched so far. The best known are the library of the Mielec secondary school (gimnazjum) and the private collection of the Count Oborski family. General remarks, in the scope of a few sentences at best, pertain to other school libraries and private collections. Numerous collections, some that are known by the name, such as the library of the Trinitarian convent, and some that we are not aware of, still await researchers. Currently, all old books (published before 1945) that are kept in the town of Mielec need to be cataloged in order to start the actual efforts to chart the history of the local libraries and private book collections.

The Transculturalized Diversity and Inclusion Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 349-368
Author(s):  
Charlotte L. V. Thoms ◽  
Sharon L. Burton
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Know How ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Inclusion Model ◽  
Survey Results

While the transculturalized diversity and inclusion (TD&I) model is a contemporaneous strategy for leadership and learning, it is the latest of the existing disability study models. This chapter reviews the development of the TD&I model from the leadership perspective to study arguments, experiences, and to investigate how this information apprises the construction and exercise of transcultural consciousness, expertise, know-how, traditions, determinations, happenstances, objectives, agreement, and learning. This exploration focuses on the implementation of the model and survey results as this transculturalized model is reasoned the appropriate tool to expose how different backgrounds can be utilized in achievement to blend variability, variation, and diversity into unity. Beginning with the initial conceptual frameworks, and the results of the data, this research details the TD&I model and how to implement it in today's environment of activating change and transformation. This information adds to the body of knowledge regarding disability, strategy, diversity, and inclusion for academics, practitioners, and learners.

The Earliest Cultures in the Western United States

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Projectile Point ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Point Types ◽  
Geological Position

AbstractNearly all writers on the antiquity of man in America assume that the oldest archaeological sites contain chipped-stone projectile points and therefore cannot exceed an age of some 12,000 to 15,000 years, the estimates usually given to such projectile-point types as Sandia and Clovis. Suggestions of older sites, with radiocarbon dates ranging from some 21,000 years to as much as “greater than 37,000 years,” with simpler artifacts and an absence of stone projectile points, are generally viewed with suspicion if not abhorrence.A recent paper by E. H. Sellards considers seven localities in the western United States and Baja California which, because of geological position and radiocarbon dates, are probably too old to contain stone projectile points. The writer agrees with Sellards that these localities are archaeological (except for that at Texas Street in San Diego, California), but disagrees that those in coastal locations are different from those in inland locations for “ecological” reasons such as food supply and availability of stone. The differences may be explained in that those sites on the shores of extinct lakes were never covered by overburden, whereas those which were covered by alluvium or sand are known to us now only by varying amounts of exposure by erosion or excavation (or both).

Catalogue of Early Printed Music in Aberdeen Libraries Supplement, 1979–1988

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Barry Cooper ◽  
Richard Turbet
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
Early Music ◽  
University Library ◽  
King's College ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Printed Music ◽  
Roger Williams ◽  
College Library ◽  
Department Of Music ◽  
Private Collections

This article is a supplement to Barry Cooper's catalogue of 1978 (see below, References). No musical items published before 1801 have entered Aberdeen Public Library since 1979. Of the four Aberdeen University collections mentioned below, Dep is in the library of the Department of Music, while SB and Lib R are in King's College Library. In the course of his original introduction, Barry Cooper mentioned the University's “copyright collection” (p.4), and the inadequacy of its catalogue. Richard Turbet is compiling a checklist of the contents of this collection's 297 volumes, now located within Aberdeen University Library and known as The Stationers’ Hall Collection. As to private collections, Roger Williams has catalogued those in Grampian Region in the care of the National Trust for Scotland, and the catalogues are being prepared for publication. There is early music in the collections at Castle Fraser, Drum Castle, Leith Hall and Brodie Castle. The Montcoffer House private collection, listed in Appendix 3 of the original catalogue, is now housed at Aberdeen University Library MS 2861.

scholarly journals Preserving a family’s photographic history: the private collection of Michina Pope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margalit E. Slovin
Keyword(s):  
Glass Plate ◽  
Familial History ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Private Collections

Photographs can provide a pictorial testimony of a familial history; yet, each time objects are moved and handled the risk of loss and deterioration increases. However, to date, little guidance has been available to private collectors on how to organize and preserve their photographic collections. My practical thesis focuses on the unique challenges of organizing, preserving and digitizing a private collection of approximately 250 glass plate negatives and four corresponding albums, belonging to Michina Pope in Toronto, Canada. Using this specific collection, I have summarized my research with the intention of creating an illustrated manual with clear guidelines as a resource to help guide private collectors in caring for their photographic collection. In lieu of a specifically purposed manual, this thesis paper an act, in the time being, as a guide for collectors and/or those working with private collections of photographic materials.

scholarly journals Digitisation of private collections

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Willemse ◽  
Veljo Runnel ◽  
Hannu Saarenmaa ◽  
Ana Casino ◽  
Karsten Gödderz
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Private Collections

Results are presented of a study investigating solutions and procedures to incorporate private natural history collections into the international collections data infrastructure. Results are based on pilot projects carried out in three European countries aimed at approaches on how to best motivate and equip citizen collectors for digitisation: 1) In Estonia, the approach was to outline tools for registering, digitising and publishing private collection data in the biodiversity data management system PlutoF. 2) In Finland, the functionality of FinBIF, a portal offering a popular Notebook Service for citizens to store observations has been expanded to include collection specimens related to a field gathering event. 3) In the Netherlands private collection owners were approached directly and asked to start digitising their collection using dedicated software, either by themselves or with the help of volunteers who were recruited specifically for this task. In addition to management tools, pilots also looked at motivation, persons undertaking the work, scope, planning, specific knowledge or skills required and the platform for online publication. Future ownership, legality of specimens residing in private collections and the use of unique identifiers are underexposed aspects effecting digitisation. Besides streamlining the overall process of digitising private collections and dealing with local, national or international challenges, developing a communication strategy is crucial in order to effectively distribute information and keep private collection owners aware of ongoing developments. Besides collection owners other stakeholders were identified and for each of them a roadmap is outlined aimed at further streamlining the data from private collections into the international infrastructure. In conclusion recommendations are presented based on challenges encountered during this task that are considered important to really make significant progress towards the overall accessibility of data stored in privately held natural history collections.

4 Chipped Stone Tools

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Roberta S. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Elementary Technology

The chipped stone artifacts comprise a full tool kit. Ranging in size from the largest of the choppers to the tiniest of the flake scrapers, they conform to a characterization of generalized implements shaped with a minimum of modification. The broad and shallow flaking, unifacial percussion technique, use of flawed lithic material, re-working of artifacts from one kind to another, and the great number of tools retaining cortex and bulb of percussion are typical of the basic simplicity of all classes. Something of a paradox exists between the wide variety of shapes and sizes of the tools, which do tend to fall into groups, and the elementary technology of their manufacture. The major classifications include projectile points and blades, flake knives, drills, gravers, choppers, hammerstones, scrapers, picks, crescents, cores, and flakes.

scholarly journals Gems from Private Collections. III.–Phacops Caudatus; from the Dudley Limestone

The Geologist ◽  
1859 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. Tennant
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
Upper Silurian ◽  
Private Collections

The beautiful specimen of Phacops caudatus, which we figure in Plate V., has long been in the private collection of Professor Tennant. It is from the Upper Silurian limestone of Dudley, and would be a perfect example but for the exception only of its having the segments of the body somewhat bent inwards, and slightly distorted from their natural positions by pressure. The lateral edges and their segments are unfortunately obscured by being embedded in the matrix, so that they cannot be accurately delineated.This characteristic species of Trilobite was first noticed by Brunnich, in 1781, under the name of Trilobus caudatus. It was subsequently termed Asaphus caudatus by Brongniart, Dalman, Dr. Buckland, and other writers. Burmeister, however, in his valuable work on the “Organization of Trilobites,” called it Phacops caudatus, which generic determination modern palæontologists have followed.

Ghost Ads: Improving the Economics of Measuring Online Ad Effectiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett A. Johnson ◽  
Randall A. Lewis ◽  
Elmar I. Nubbemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Experiment ◽  
Public Service Announcement ◽  
Know How ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
The Cost

To measure the effects of advertising, marketers must know how consumers would behave had they not seen the ads. The authors develop a methodology they call “ghost ads,” which facilitates this comparison by identifying the control group counterparts of the exposed consumers in a randomized experiment. The authors show that, relative to public service announcement and intent-to-treat A/B tests, ghost ads can reduce the cost of experimentation, improve measurement precision, deliver the relevant strategic baseline, and work with modern ad platforms that optimize ad delivery in real time. The authors also describe a variant, “predicted ghost ad” methodology, which is compatible with online display advertising platforms; their implementation records more than 100 million predicted ghost ads per day. The authors demonstrate the methodology with an online retailer's display retargeting campaign. They show novel evidence that retargeting can work: the ads lifted website visits by 17.2% and purchases by 10.5%. Compared with intent-to-treat and public service announcement experiments, advertisers can measure ad lift just as precisely while spending at least an order of magnitude less.

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