scholarly journals Theorizing Emancipatory Transnational Futures of International Labor Law

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelle Blackett
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Director General ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
High Degree

The economic mandate of the “misnamed” International Labour Organization (ILO) has long been “othered” internationally. The ILO's 1944 constitutional annex, the Declaration of Philadelphia, confirms the ILO's “responsibility … to examine and consider all international economic and financial policies and measures in the light of th[e] fundamental objective” of lasting peace on the basis of social justice. After 1945, through decolonization, and prior to the emergence of a Washington consensus-based neoliberal globalization, the ILO enabled some states to mediate the “social” in economic regulation—that is, to adopt free trade economic liberalism promoted transnationally with social redistribution addressed domestically, also referred to as embedded liberalism. States established and harmonized international labor standards through multilateral processes steeped in an organizational tripartism that made workers’ and employers’ representatives ILO institutional actors alongside governments. At least in the global North, the ILO fostered a high degree of normative convergence nationally, regionally, and on shop floors. For the first Director-General, Albert Thomas, the ILO “taught the world to speak something like the same language on social questions.” Its approach has been nuanced, pragmatic, and transnational, taking leadership on issues like social protection that should also have been—but were not—the focus of other international economic institutions.

scholarly journals International Labor Organization & its Contribution in Different Periods

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sanabil Almubidin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Member States ◽  
International Labor

The International Labor Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency that sets international labor standards and promotes social protection and work opportunities for all. The ILO has 187 member states: 186 of the 193 UN member states plus the Cook Islands are members of the ILO. The tripartite structure is unique to the ILO where representatives from the government, employers and employees openly debate and create labor standards. The International Labor Office is the permanent secretariat of the International Labor Organization. It is the focal point for International Labor Organization's overall activities, which it prepares under the scrutiny of the Governing Body and under the leadership of the Director-General. The Office employs some 2,700 officials from over 150 nations at its headquarters in Geneva, and in around 40 field offices around the world. Among these officials, 900 work in technical cooperation programs and projects. In 1969, the organization received the Nobel Peace Prize for improving fraternity and peace among nations, pursuing decent work and justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations.

International Labor Organization

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-577
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
International Labor ◽  
General Note ◽  
Preliminary Consideration

The 125th session of the Governing Body of the International Labor Organization was held in Geneva on May 28 and 29, 1954, with Mr. A. M. Malik (Pakistan) presiding. Preliminary consideration was given to the agenda for the 39th session of the ILO Conference (1956), which, it was decided, would be comprised of the Director-Generals report, financial and budgetary questions, and information on the application of Conventions and Recommendations, The Director-General was requested to submit to the November session of the Governing Body reports dealing with the national law and practices of member states in the fields of (1) weekly rest in commerce and offices, (2) living and working conditions of indigenous populations in independent countries, and (3) forced labor. He was also requested to provide a general note on the conditions of plantation workers and on discrimination in the field of employment and occupation.

Migration, Social Protection, and the (Re)Production of Inequalities in the European Union

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-153
Author(s):  
Thomas Faist
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Transnational Social Space ◽  
The Eu

Europe, and the European Union in particular, can be conceived as a transnational social space with a high degree of transactions across borders of member states. The question is how efforts to provide social protection for cross-border migrants in the EU reinforce existing inequalities (e.g. between regions or within households), and lead to new types of inequalities (e.g. stratification of labour markets). Social protection in the EU falls predominantly under the purview of individual member states; hence, frictions between different state-operated protection systems and social protection in small groups are particularly apparent in the case of cross-border flows of people and resources. Chapter 5 examines in detail the general social mechanisms operative in cross-border forms of social protection, in particular, exclusion, opportunity hoarding, hierarchization, and exploitation, and also more concrete mechanisms which need to be constructed bottom-up.

Round table report: Advancing regional social integration, social protection, and the free movement of people in Southern Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Fioramonti
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
South African ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Director General

The round table on “Advancing regional social integration, social protection, and free movement of people in Southern Africa” was organized as part of the conference “Regional governance of migration and social policy: Comparing European and African regional integration policies and practices” held at the University of Pretoria (South Africa) on 18–20 April 2012, at which the articles in this special issue were first presented. The discussion was moderated by Prince Mashele of the South African Centre for Politics and Research and the participants included: Yitna Getachew, IOM Regional Representative for Southern Africa, Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa (MIDSA); Jonathan Crush, University of Cape Town and Balsillie School of International Affairs, Canada, representing the Southern Africa Migration Program (SAMP); Vic van Vuuren, Director of Southern African ILO; Vivienne Taylor, South Africa Planning Commission; Sergio Calle Norena, Deputy Regional Representative of UNHCR; Laurent De Boeck, Director, ACP Observatory on Migration, Brussels; Wiseman Magasela, Deputy Director General Social Policy, South African Department of Social Development; and Sanusha Naidu, Open Society Foundation for South Africa.

International Labor Organization

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Conference Committee

Governing BodyThe Governing Body of the International Labor Organization held its 127th session in Rome from November 16 through 19, 1954, under the chairmanship of Mr. R. Ago (Italy). After deciding that the 39th session of the ILO Conference should open in Geneva on June 6, 1956, and noting that, in addition to the regular agenda items, the questions of vocational training in agriculture and welfare facilities for workers were likely to be carried over from the 38th session, the Governing Body considered several reports put before it by the Director-General (Morse) relating to possible further agenda items for the 39th session of the Conference. A study on discrimination in the field of employment and occupation, and a note setting forth certain questions relating to conditions of plantation workers were also discussed. The Governing Body decided to add to the agenda of the 39th session three new items of 1) forced labor, 2) weekly rest in commerce and offices, and 3) living and working conditions of indigenous populations in independent countries. The Governing Body's Committee on Standing Orders and the Application of Conventions and Recommendations was instructed to give further consideration to various points relating to the organization of the work of the ILO Conference, and particularly to arrangements for discussion of the Director-General's report and the work of the Conference committee on the application of conventions and recommendations.

Political Capital: Mexican Financial Policy under Salinas

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Exchange Rate Intervention

Market reform is advocated in developing countries to improve economic efficiency and prevent privileged groups from obtaining rents from the policy-making process. Yet this prescription fails to address the complex political process that governments are likely to confront when moving toward the market. This study shows how political considerations during President Salinas's administration distorted economic reform in Mexico.During the 1990s Mexican finance policy contradicted the government's declared neoliberal principles. While the banks were reprivatized and deregulated, they were also given a high degree of protection from competition, enabling the new owners to charge excessive interest rates. In addition, the government artificially inflated the value of the currency through exchange-rate intervention. These contradictory policies are best understood as a coherent political response to the electoral vulnerability of the ruling party (PRl) at the end of the 1980s. When viable political opposition threatened the PRl's ability to maintain power, it responded by using financial policies to distribute economic benefits to social groups, particularly business, the middle class, and the poor, whose support was critical for electoral victory.

International Labor Organization

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-322
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Director General ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Fact Finding

Meeting in its 110th session in Mysore, India, the ILO Governing Body completed action on a number of projects designed to extend, in cooperation with the United Nations, technical assistance to economically under-developed areas. The Governing Body also authorized the Director-General (Morse) to raise with the Trusteeship Council a number of questions arising out of the reports of the administering authorities and relating to the applicability of ILO conventions and recommendations in trust territories. At the same session, the Governing Body approved procedures for the establishment of a nine-member commission to examine infringements of trade union rights, the first international fact-finding and conciliation commission on freedom of association. The members of the commission, to be chosen “for their personal qualifications” and expected to “discharge their duties with complete independence,” were to be selected by the Governing Body at its 111th session, to convene in Geneva on March 8, 1950. The commission was created in accordance with a request of the Economic and Social Council of August 1949 and was to function on behalf of the United Nations as well as the ILO. The Governing Body defined the commission as “essentially a fact-finding body” which was also authorized to consult with the government or governments concerned “with a view to securing the adjustment of difficulties by agreement.” Complaints alleging the violation of trade union rights were to be referred to the commission by either the Governing Body or the International Labor Conference.

International Labor Organisation

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-678
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Government

The Governing Body of the International Labor Organization held its 112th session at Geneva from June 2 to 30, 1950. During consideration of an agenda of 22 items, the Governing Body completed the membership of the fact-finding and conciliation commission on freedom of association, decided to establish an ad hoc committee of five or six persons having experience in the field of occupational safetyand health to be appointed by the Director-General in consultation with officers of the Governing Body, and authorized the Director-General (Morse) to communicate the report of the Third International Pneumoconiosis Conference held at Sydney in February and March 1950 to the United Nations Secretary-General and the Director-General of the World Health Organization. The Governing Body also convened a meeting of experts to study the status and conditions of employment of domestic workers, authorized the Director-General to communicate to governments the reports, resolutions and memoranda adopted by the second session of the Chemical Industries Committee, accepted an invitation from the government of the United States of Indonesia to hold the first session of the Committee on Work in Plantations in Indonesia in December 1950, and appointed members of the Governing Body delegates to the third session of the Petroleum Committee to be held in Geneva in October and November. Other action taken by the Governing Body included acceptance of the invitation of the French government to hold the third session of the Textiles Committee in Lyons from November 28 to December 9, 1950, approved the general lines of a program of technical assistance ILO could undertake in the manpower field, noted that ILO had $2,500,000 at its disposal for its technical assistance activities, and accepted an offer by states members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation which were also members of ILO to make available to ILO $998,000 for establishment of a special fund to finance additional action in the field of migration.

International Labor Organization

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-602
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Wage Increases

The primary emphasis of the report of the Director-General of the International Labor Organization to the thirty-fourth session of the Conference was the issue of wage policy in conditions of full employment. The Conference debate on this question, stimulated by the report Mr. Morse hoped, would help ILO member countries to arrive at wage-price policies “designed to promote the best interests both of workers and of the community as a whole, in conditions of full employment and scarcity of labor.” The problem of wage determination had been receiving renewed public attention, mainly owing to the desire to include restraint of wage increases in a program designed to minimize the possible inflationary effects of full employment, economic development and rearmament. There existed also a belief that adjustments in the wage structures of most countries were needed to provide increased incentives for workers to acquire skill, to work harder and to man the essential industries where labor was particularly scarce.

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