scholarly journals Remarks by Emi Nagaoka

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Emi Nagaoka
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Investment Liberalization ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
The Future ◽  
Investment Agreement ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Eu

When it comes to the investment agreement (IA) between Japan and the EU or the EU member states, which means not only the investment part of the JEEPA but also the new investment treaty that would be concluded in the future, it is not considered that Japan and the EU have reached agreement without the absolute standards of treatment (e.g. FET and expropriation). Indeed, the text of the investment part of the JEEPA presented on the European Commission's website, which has not been legally verified yet as of today (April 5, 2018), has not stipulated said absolute standards, and such investment part is even titled as “Investment Liberalization” implying that only the non-discrimination provisions are provided. However, from the viewpoint of promoting investment as well as protecting the investors in the other countries, the level of liberalizing investment should not be decreased nor should the coverage of the standard or treatment be limited. In particular, FET is the most important standard of treatment for investors and most of them have relied on FET as their legal basis where they submit claims in the ISDS procedure. It is apparent that most countries also take the absolute standards important and necessary and the recent IAs including the CPTPP containing the absolute standards are considered to comply with such countries’ perspective.

Społeczno-ekonomiczne przesłanki integracji Czarnogóry z Unią Europejską

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Łakota-Micker ◽  
Beniamin Noga
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

The subject of the analysis conducted in the article is the current social and economic situation of Montenegro – one of the candidate countries for the membership of the European Union. The research problem -is important due to the fact, that the Balkan countries are an enclave surrounded on all sides by the EU Member States. On the other hand, EU Member States have awareness of the increasingly visible influence of Russia, China or Turkey in this region, which in the future may threaten the EU’s policy of stabilisation and democratisation of the region, as well as reduce the sense of security in European societies. The article aims to determine the premises that will indicate the opportunities and threats to further socio-economic development of Montenegro and its proper economic prosperity, which can lead to accession in 2025. The future of accession to the EU depends on the fulfillment of socio-economic criteria, which were partly achieved as a result of the first stage of the country’s transformation process. Montenegro can also use the experience of the past – gained as a federal state – in this process, however, on the other hand, the quality of integration with Serbia will not be a valuable experience for entering the structures of the community with great economic, social and organisational potential.

scholarly journals "Core-Periphery" in the European Union – An Economic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Ines Kersan-Škabić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

The heterogeneity of economic performances in the EU member states is one of the main reasons for the existence of a “core-periphery” relationship. The goal of this research is to examine various economic indicators to reveal possible divisions between the EU members. This issue emphasized the contribution of rich “core” countries to the imbalances in poorer “peripheral” EU members. By applying cluster methodology and considering the most recent data, two groups of countries were identified, the first comprising 11 countries that form the “centre” or the “core”, and the rest of the EU forming the “periphery”. Considering differences between these countries is necessary and justified for discussions about the future development of the EU that will involve differences between member states.

scholarly journals Enhanced Cooperation, EMU Reforms and Their Implications for Differentiation in the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-106
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kubin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Future ◽  
Differentiated Integration ◽  
Treaty Of Amsterdam ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Initially, before the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, differences in integration between members of the European Communities (EC; later the European Union) were relatively few and usually temporary in nature. The Schengen Agreement, the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Amsterdam, and the possibility of establishing enhanced cooperation meant that the problem was becoming more and more important in the functioning of the EU—both in theory and in practice. The objective of the paper is to show that for several years, along with the stagnation in the deepening of integration between all the EU Member States, differentiation of integration in the EU is progressing very rapidly. The progressing differentiation in the EU is a consequence of mainly two processes: the development of enhanced cooperation and reforms in the eurozone, which are strengthened by the widening of the EU. The article covers the issue of the categorization of differentiation of European Union integration, which constitutes the theoretical framework for further considerations. Specified processes which contribute to increasing the differentiation of the EU are discussed, showing the development of enhanced cooperation in the EU and presenting the reforms of the eurozone. The article concludes with the identification and the consequences of differentiated integration, both those that have already occurred and those that may occur in the future.

scholarly journals EU Refugee Crisis: A Stumbling Block to the Process of European Integration?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionysios Stivas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

Currently, the European Union (EU) is dealing with an unprecedented refugee crisis which has been blamed for bringing the process of the EU integration to an impasse. By applying theories of European (dis)integration, this paper assesses the extent to which the current refugee crisis constitutes an impediment to the future of the European Union. This paper’s analysis is constructed around two hypotheses: (1) the refugee crisis triggered Brexit and the failure of the EU’s relocation scheme, symptoms of the EU’s disintegration; (2) the refugee crisis has a dual potential: to simultaneously promote the deeper integration and the disintegration of the EU. To test these hypotheses, this paper examines if and how the refugee crisis is related to Brexit and whether the rebellious reaction of certain EU member states to the implementation of the EU relocation scheme is a sign of reversal in the process of EU integration.

CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON WORK AND OTHER CERTAIN LEGAL SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol specjalny (XXI) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Andrzej Świątkowski
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
European Values ◽  
Electronic Technologies ◽  
The Eu

The European Union is in the initial phase of managing the conditions for the growth of artificial intelligence. Assuming that the above-mentioned electronic technology of the future should be trustworthy, guarantee the safety of its users and develop under human leadership, the Union should be able to convince the Member States of the necessary need for all interested parties to apply modern electronic technologies in practice while respecting European values, principles and human rights. The above common goal, extremely important for the future of European societies, and a uniform unified strategy for achieving it, binds the EU Member States. The above statement applies to all EU Member States, including those with above-average ambitions to become European leaders in the use of artificial intelligence for economic and social development. Considering that the European Union is competing with the USA and China, it is justified to ask whether the strategy of the development and use of artificial intelligence intended by the European Union will enable the achievement of the above goal?

scholarly journals National approaches of EU Member States in concluding bilateral social security agreements with third countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Bernard Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Member States ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Security Agreements

For EU Member States like Austria, the EU Regulations on the coordination of social security schemes are the focus of academic and political attention. They deal with many cases and are usually very complex. They are supervised by the European Commission and the CJEU. Compared to these EU rules, bilateral agreements with third countries are treated as step-children. They do not get the academic and political attention they deserve, taking into account their importance in practice. They have common features compared to the EU rules, but there are also remarkable differences in the texts and their interpretation. The differences sometimes lead to practical problems of application and interpretation in the EU Member States. Based on Austrian experiences, all these aspects are elaborated in this article. Enhanced cooperation and exchange of information between the EU Member States in the future could help to improve the negotiating position of these countries and also guarantee greater esteem for the bilateral agreements.

scholarly journals THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE DETAINED PERSONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Iveta Adijāne
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Entry Regulations ◽  
The Eu

The recent incidents in the EU prove the fact that the problem of prevention of illegal immigration exists and becomes more and more urgent. The number of detained foreigners increases and enrages the whole EU migration policy. However, we cannot speak only about the security of the EU member states, on the other side of the problem there are foreigners, who due to different reasons have broken residence and entry regulations. And the most important here we have to remember about is the human rights of the detained foreigners. It does not matter where and when somebody is, no one can infringe his or her rights, which according to the definite normative acts should be respected and recognised by all control institutions. At the same time foreigners have to respect our laws, which define their duties. Latvia still gets in touch with the problems connected with both applying foreigners’ rights and providing fulfilment of duties.

scholarly journals The societal quality of Southern European Mediterranean countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bericat ◽  
Rubén Martín-Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Structural Diagnosis

On the basis of extensive empirical data that the 72 focused composite indicators, making up the System of Indices on the Quality of European Societies (SIQES), provide on the 28 EU Member States, this paper analyses the societal quality of the Southern European Mediterranean countries, namely, Spain, Italy, Portugal and Greece, from a holistic, multidimensional and comparative perspective. First and foremost, it indicates the position of these Mediterranean countries in the European societal quality rankings. Secondly, after confirming that, in accordance with the Five Europes Typology, the Mediterranean countries form a distinctive cluster, it includes an analysis of their social characteristics, comparing them with those of the other four clusters. Thirdly, on the basis of the 14 societal quality domains included in the system, it offers a diagnosis by contrasting the societal quality of the Southern European Mediterranean countries with that of the rest of the EU Member States. This structural diagnosis, endogenous as well exogenous, offers a panoramic view of great importance to both social researchers and policymakers.

scholarly journals Considerations on the Infringement Procedure against Romania

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crina Mihaela Verga ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
The Eu

This paper is a study of the infringement procedure, as it is regulated at EU level. Thus, we first analyze the existing legal framework on the matter. The implementation of this procedure in various Member States of the European Union and its consequences are then presented. Last but not least, the article refers to a series of aspects regarding the fields in which the procedure was directed against Romania since its integration into the EU. The purpose of the essay is to present in detail Romania's situation regarding the violation of EU’s law.Thus, a comparative presentation throughout time of the number of such proceedings launched against the Romanian state was made.A relevant case in which Romania was tried and convicted was also presented in detail.The large number of cases launched in 2021 highlights the delays registered by Romania on the matter. The measures ordered by the Romanian government through the elaborated the Annual Transposition Plan-2021must be carefully and systematically implemented. Romania could also consider and effectively apply the examples of good practice from the other EU’s member states. The historical and the comparative methods used in this presentation reveal both the similarities between the application of this procedure in the EU Member States under review as well as the differences and its succession in time. The article is important not only for the scientists, but also for the practitioners to dispose all the necessary measures that are required.

scholarly journals Changes in the Romanian agrifood trade competitiveness in the post-accession period

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-834
Author(s):  
Camelia Gavrilescu ◽  
Dan-Marius Voicilaş
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
The Eu

Romania’s accession to the EU meant a significant increase in the country’s agrifood trade, both with the EU member states and with the extra-EU partners. The objective of this paper is to examine the changes in the value, directions and competitiveness of Romanian agrifood trade in the last 25 years, with special focus on the post-accession period. The paper is examining the changes in the competitiveness of the Romanian intra- and extra-EU agrifood trade, for the 24 groups of agrifood products defined under the HS (Harmonized System – HS 01-24), aggregated at 2-digit level, using Gehlhar and Pick classification in price and non-price competition. The country’s position among the other EU member countries in terms of values, quantities and directions of the trade flows was examined, as well.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document