Use of a Move-on Component to Increase Consumption for a Clinical Paediatric Feeding Case In-Home

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tessa Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Procedural Integrity ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
Treatment Package

Abstract Research from specialised hospital feeding programmes in the United States has shown effectiveness of a variety of treatments for packing (not swallowing food or liquid in the mouth) to increase swallowing and consumption. One potential component used in clinical practice has not been evaluated in the literature to our knowledge. This component is move-on and involves moving on to the next bite presentation rather than waiting for swallowing (i.e., clean mouth). A 5-year-old female with autism spectrum disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder participated in a home setting in Australia. We used a withdrawal/reversal single-case experimental design for a move-on component added to a treatment package. With move-on added, latency to clean mouth decreased and consumption increased to 100%. After the treatment evaluation, additional procedures (interspersal, redistribution) were needed in full plate and portion meals. Food variety was increased to 116 regular texture foods across all food groups. All (100%) of admission goals were met. Parents were trained to high procedural integrity, and the protocol was generalised to the community. Gains maintained to 1-month follow-up.

Differential Item and Test Functioning of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales: A Follow-Up Evaluation in a Diverse, Nonclinical Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 073428292094552
Author(s):  
Maryellen Brunson McClain ◽  
Bryn Harris ◽  
Sarah E. Schwartz ◽  
Megan E. Golson
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Differential Test Functioning ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Differential Test

Although the racial/ethnic demographics in the United States are changing, few studies evaluate the cultural and linguistic responsiveness of commonly used autism spectrum disorder screening and diagnostic assessment measures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate item and test functioning of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS) in a sample of racially/ethnically diverse parents of children (nonclinical) between the ages of 6–18 ( N = 806). This study is a follow-up to a prior publication examining the factor structure of the ASRS among a similar sample. The present study furthers the examination of measurement invariance of the ASRS in racially/ethnically diverse populations by conducting differential item functioning and differential test functioning with a larger sample. Results indicate test-level invariance; however, five items are noninvariant across parent reporters from different racial/ethnic groups. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.

Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of social skills deficits and social phobia in a man with an autism spectrum disorder: a single-case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Turner ◽  
Neil Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) including high-functioning types such as Asperger's syndrome (AS) are diagnosed when there is evidence of a triad of qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and stereotyped/repetitive behaviours. It is not uncommon for these impairments to be accompanied by social anxiety. The present single-case study investigates the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to treat a 47-year-old man who was assessed as having difficulties with social skills and social phobia in the context of a late diagnosis of AS. He received 20 h of CBT adapted for his AS in 15 sessions including a 1-month follow-up. Following a highly individualized formulation, treatment included modelling, role-playing, reinforcement, thought challenging, and behavioural experimentation. Results from five self-report measures showed continued improvements from the start of therapy to follow-up in social anxiety, global distress, depression and self-esteem. The client gave positive feedback about his experience of treatment. The case study is discussed with reference to limitations and some reflections for CBT in ASD.

scholarly journals MODIFIKASI PERILAKU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPATUHAN PADA ANAK DENGAN HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Theresia Michelle Alessandra ◽  
Sri Hartati R-Suradijono
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Behavioral Momentum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Compliance Training

Anak dengan autism spectrum disorder (ASD) memiliki karakteristik utama yaitu perilaku repetitif dan minat yang terbatas, serta defisit dalam kemampuan berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi sosial sehari-hari. Anak dengan ASD memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk mengembangkan perilaku bermasalah, seperti perilaku tidak patuh yang berdampak buruk pada keberfungsian anak sehari-hari baik dalam aspek akademis maupun dalam lingkungan sosial. Perilaku tidak patuh yang berlebihan dapat dikurangi melalui program modifikasi perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur efektivitas program modifikasi perilaku untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pada anak dengan High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HF-ASD) melalui single case A-B with follow-up design. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang anak laki-laki dengan kondisi HF-ASD yang berusia 8 tahun dan menunjukkan perilaku tidak patuh. Intervensi dilakukan sebanyak 19 sesi dengan menerapkan prinsip errorless compliance training seperti behavioral momentum, errorless learning, penyampaian instruksi yang efektif, dan positive reinforcement. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa program modifikasi perilaku efektif meningkatkan perilaku kepatuhan pada anak dengan HF-ASD dari 8% menjadi 81% serta terdapat efek generalisasi pada instruksi yang tidak dilatih selama intervensi.  Kata kunci: modifikasi perilaku; kepatuhan; high functioning autism spectrum disorder

Single-Case Analysis to Determine Reasons for Failure of Behavioral Treatment via Telehealth

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Schieltz ◽  
Patrick W. Romani ◽  
David P. Wacker ◽  
Alyssa N. Suess ◽  
Pei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Package ◽  
Single Case Designs

Functional communication training (FCT) is a widely used and effective function-based treatment for problem behavior. The purpose of this article is to present two cases in which FCT was unsuccessful in reducing the occurrence of problem behavior displayed by two young children with an autism spectrum disorder. Both children received the same functional analysis plus FCT treatment package via telehealth that had proven to be highly successful for the other participants. The FCT package was conducted within tightly controlled single-case designs for each participant, which permitted subsequent analyses to determine why FCT was unsuccessful. These analyses suggested distinct reasons for the treatment failure for each child. Although the negative results of treatment appeared to be similar for both children, the specific reasons for treatment failure were highly individualistic and identifiable via the single-case analyses conducted. We present findings from both our initial and subsequent analyses and discuss the implications.

scholarly journals A Person-Centered Approach in Investigating a Mindfulness-Based Program for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Mindfulness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ridderinkhof ◽  
Mette Elmose ◽  
Esther I. de Bruin ◽  
René Blom ◽  
Sandra Salem-Guirgis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
Internalizing Disorder

Abstract Objectives Adolescents with autism often experience comorbid internalizing disorders such as anxiety disorders or depression but the available evidence-based treatments to support the mental health of adolescents with autism are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how MYmind, a mindfulness-based program (MBP) for youth with autism, could benefit adolescents with comorbid internalizing disorder(s). Methods A person-centered approach with a multiple baseline design was used to investigate the effects of MYmind. Five adolescents with autism and an internalizing disorder took part in the 9-week MYmind program. The adolescents and their parents completed a daily questionnaire on their personal goals during a baseline phase, the intervention, a 2-month follow-up phase, and a 1-year follow-up phase. We analyzed the effects on their personal goals using visual inspection and statistical analysis for single-case designs. Also, we investigated potential processes of change by analyzing how changes were related over time. Results Findings indicated that most, but not all, adolescents benefitted from the MBP. Four out of five adolescents showed medium-sized improvement in some of their personal goals. However, one adolescent reported a deterioration during the intervention and 2-month follow-up phase. Decreased worry preceded behavioral improvements in two adolescents, whereas other potential mechanisms of change showed inconclusive results. Conclusion The findings indicated that most of the adolescents with autism and a comorbid internalizing disorder partially benefitted from the MBP.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Real-time 3D Graphics to Augment Therapeutic Music Sessions for Young People on the Autism Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
John J. Mcgowan ◽  
Iain Mcgregor ◽  
Gregory Leplatre
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Spectrum Condition

The present research evaluates the effectiveness of CymaSense, a real-time 3D visualisation application developed by the authors, as a means of improving the communicative behaviours of autistic participants through the addition of a visual modality within therapeutic music sessions. Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that can affect people in a number of ways, commonly through difficulties in communication. A multi-sensory approach within music sessions encourages people with ASC to engage more with the act of creating music, and with the therapists, increasing their level of communication and social interaction beyond the sessions. This article presents a study evaluating the use of CymaSense within a series of therapeutic music sessions, and a follow-up series of semi-structured interviews. Eight adults with ASC participated in 12 sessions using a single case experimental design approach over a total period of 19 weeks. Using qualitative and quantitative data, the results show an increase in communicative behaviour, for both verbal and non-verbal participants, resulting from the use of CymaSense. Qualitative feedback from interviews provided insight into the factors that contribute to the successful use of the application, as well as aspects that could be improved.

Implementing a Parent Education Intervention in Colombia: Assessing Parent Outcomes and Perceptions Across Delivery Modes

2021 ◽  
pp. 108835762098694
Author(s):  
Sandra Magaña ◽  
Marie Tejero Hughes ◽  
Kristen Salkas ◽  
Wendy Gonzales ◽  
Giselle Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Delivery Modes ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Parent Outcomes ◽  
Latino Immigrant Parents

Knowledge and identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are increasing in Latin America, yet there are limited resources available to help families of children with ASD. For this study, researchers adapted and tested a parent educational program created for Latino immigrant parents of children with ASD in the United States to the needs of parents of children with ASD in Colombia. Parents were randomized into two intervention delivery modes, one led by parents and the other by students. All measures were self-reported by parents ( n = 20). Parents improved in understanding their child’s strengths and needs and frequency of using evidence-based strategies. Parents in the student-led group reported significantly lower depressive symptoms between baseline and follow-up. In focus groups, parents expressed satisfaction with the intervention and described ways they were using the information. In conclusion, this study demonstrated promising results to improve the experience of parents of children with ASD in Colombia.

scholarly journals Coaching via Telehealth: Caregiver-Mediated Interventions for Young Children on the Waitlist for an Autism Diagnosis Using Single-Case Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Megan G. Kunze ◽  
Wendy Machalicek ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
Stephanie St. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Baseline Design

Years can elapse between parental suspicion of a developmental delay and a diagnostic assessment, ultimately delaying access to medically necessary, autism-specific intervention. Using a single-case, concurrent multiple baseline design, autism spectrum disorder symptomology (i.e., higher-order restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests; higher-order RRBIs) was targeted in toddlers (21–35 months) waiting for a diagnostic appointment. Caregivers were coached via telehealth to mediate early intervention to decrease interfering, inflexible higher-order RRBIs during play using four evidence-based applied behavior analytic strategies: modeling, prompting, differential reinforcement of appropriate behaviors, and response interruption and redirection. Six mother–child dyads were recruited from pediatrician offices and early intervention service districts in the United States. All families were considered under-served, under-resourced, or living in rural locations. A visual analysis of the data combined with Tau-U revealed a strong basic effect between the intervention package and parent strategy use and child flexible and inflexible behavior. Findings were consistent across participants with one exception demonstrating a moderate effect for flexible behaviors yet a strong effect for inflexible behaviors. Standardized mean difference was beyond zero for all participants. Implications for science and practice include support for early intervention of higher-order RRBIs for young children with and at risk for ASD.

scholarly journals Brief Report: Impact of COVID-19 on Individuals with ASD and Their Caregivers: A Perspective from the SPARK Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Casey White ◽  
◽  
J. Kiely Law ◽  
Amy M. Daniels ◽  
Jaimie Toroney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Family Distress ◽  
Minimal Benefit

AbstractThe impact of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in the United States is unprecedented, with unknown implications for the autism community. We surveyed 3502 parents/caregivers of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) enrolled in Simons Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) and found that most individuals with ASD experienced significant, ongoing disruptions to therapies. While some services were adapted to telehealth format, most participants were not receiving such services at follow-up, and those who were reported minimal benefit. Children under age five had the most severely disrupted services and lowest reported benefit of telehealth adaptation. Caregivers also reported worsening ASD symptoms and moderate family distress. Strategies to support the ASD community should be immediately developed and implemented.

Treatment for Younger Siblings of Participants in a Home-Based Intensive Paediatric Feeding Programme in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-218
Author(s):  
Tessa Taylor ◽  
Alayna Haberlin
Keyword(s):  
Food Groups ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Procedural Integrity ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Actual Plate ◽  
Differential Attention ◽  
Reversal Design

AbstractEarly childhood feeding problems can be challenging. Children who limit their food consumption may significantly impact multiple critical areas of development. Effective treatment should be accessed as early as possible but has been limited to a handful of US hospital programmes. Feeding problems affect both children with and without disability, and families may struggle with multiple children having feeding difficulties. We provided short-term (less than 2 weeks), in-home, intensive, behaviour-analytic feeding intervention to two children with typical development who were younger siblings of children already in the programme. We used a withdrawal/reversal design to assess the effects of nonremoval of the spoon, re-presentation, contingent and noncontingent access to tangibles, differential attention, and response cost. This multi-component intervention was effective in increasing the consumption of a wide variety of foods at regular texture and self-feeding for both participants. Variety was increased to over 60 foods from all food groups. Admission goals were met (100%). We trained caregivers to high procedural integrity and generalised the protocol. We provided actual plate picture examples of family meals consumed where the brothers and parents ate the same meal. Caregiver satisfaction and social acceptability were high. Gains were maintained at 3-year follow-up where parents reported problems were fully resolved.

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