The Structured Oral Examination in Anaesthesia

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is one of the major acute phase proteins in horses. It serves as a marker for systemic inflammation and infection, as the concentration can increase 100- to even 1000-fold during systemic disease processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sedation, oral examination, and odontoplasty on systemic inflammation as measured by SAA in the adult performance horse. This study included 32 clinically healthy adult performance horses. Blood samples were collected immediately prior to sedation, oral examination, and odontoplasty and 48 and 72 hours afterward. Serum amyloid A levels were measured directly after venipuncture using a commercially available stall-side lateral flow immunoassay test developed and validated for equine SAA levels. Serum amyloid A values were within normal limits for each of the time periods and there were no significant differences in SAA values between the time periods. The results of this study suggest that sedation, oral examination, and odontoplasty have no systemic inflammatory effects as measured by SAA.

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Dental Pathology of the Domestic Pig (Sus Scrofa Domesticus)

Journal of Veterinary Dentistry ◽

10.1177/0898756421989097 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089875642198909

Author(s):

Margaret A. Smith ◽

Sangeeta Rao ◽

Jennifer E. Rawlinson

Keyword(s):

Sus Scrofa ◽

Oral Examination ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Common Finding ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Domestic Pig ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Dental Pathology ◽

Open Apices ◽

Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Antemortem domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) dental pathology literature is sparse. This observational descriptive study evaluated 23 client-owned pigs that while sedated/anesthetized for routine annual care had intraoral dental radiographs and an oral examination performed. Age, gender, weight, and breed for each pig were recorded. Oral examination and radiographic findings were reviewed to create a comprehensive list of dental abnormalities identified. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. The study population included 14 castrated males and 20 Vietnamese pot-bellied mini-pigs. The median age was 3 years (range 2-12 years), and the median weight was 39 kg (range 11-140 kg). The most common finding was missing teeth (21/23 pigs); the first premolar tooth was the most likely to be absent (64/106 missing teeth). Periodontal disease was common (20/23 pigs). Advanced stages primarily affected the first molar teeth frequently in the form of a mucogingival defect. Supernumerary roots were discovered on the maxillary canine teeth in female pigs only (10/25 teeth with supernumerary roots). The most common persistent deciduous tooth was the maxillary second incisor (15/19 persistent deciduous teeth). Non-age or gender related open apices were most likely associated with mandibular first and second incisor teeth (26/96 teeth with open apices). Tooth resorption was also identified (7/23 pigs). The study findings prove that pet pigs commonly have dental pathology; therefore, thorough oral examinations with intraoral radiographs should be included in porcine routine health care regimens.

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The relationship of oral examination to dental diagnosis

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry ◽

10.1016/0022-3913(58)90150-1 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 208-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M.M. House

Keyword(s):

Oral Examination ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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SPECIAL ARTICLE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.14.5.563 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 563-564

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Probable Error ◽

Oral Examination ◽

Frequency Curve ◽

Written Examination ◽

Lower Figure ◽

Normal Frequency ◽

The Mean ◽

Selection Of

THE WRITTEN examination of January 15, 1954, was taken by 515 candidates, a larger number than in any previous year except 1953 when there were 607 candidates Grades ranged from a lowest mark of 32.0 to a highest mark of 89.5 Inspection of the range resulted in the decision to place the passing mark at 51. On this basis there were 32, or 6.2%, who failed and were therefore ineligible for oral examination. The distribution of the grades earned by the 515 candidates is presented in the form of a histogram. As an aid to visual assessment of the nature of the distribution, a normal frequency curve computed from the mean and standard deviation of the data has been superimposed on the diagram. The distribution of the grades is clearly and impressively skewed to the left, that is, the scores tend to be massed at the high end of the scale and spread out at the low end. An examination of this type is relatively sensitive in the zone of poorer scholarship where the selection of failures is to be made and relatively insensitive in the range of higher scholarship. The intrinsic reliability of the examination has again been assessed by comparing the grade made by each candidate on his odd-numbered questions with that earned on his even-numbered questions. The comparison reveals a "probable error of estimate," P.E.m, of 2.39, a lower figure and therefore a higher degree of reliability than yielded by any previous examination. The Committee is pleased that the increase in reliability was accomplished in spite of the fact that the length of the examination was decreased from 250 grading points in 1953 to 200 grading points.

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A Study of the Reliability of the Clinical Oral Examination in Psychiatry

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378402900506 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 394-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Pierre Leichner ◽

George C. Sisler ◽

Dan Harper

Keyword(s):

Clinical Examination ◽

Royal College ◽

Oral Examination ◽

Considerable Degree ◽

Rating Criteria

A study of the variability between raters in scoring an oral clinical examination in psychiatry in the format of the certification by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada is reported. A video-taped examination from another centre was rated independently by academic psychiatrists, nonacademic psychiatrists and residents. Considerable inter-rater differences between and within these groups were found. In particular, the averaging of the marks of pairs of raters as occurs in the actual certification resulted in the outcome depending to a considerable degree on the chance pairings of raters. These findings support a number of previous studies and emphasize the need to train examiners and to develop clearer rating criteria.

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