Examining Developmental Adversity and Connectedness in Child Welfare-Involved Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin P. Hambrick ◽  
Thomas W. Brawner ◽  
Bruce D. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Relational Health ◽  
Developmental Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Sleep Arousal ◽  
Placement Type ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Relational Contexts

Identifying optimal out-of-home placements for child welfare-involved youth is challenging. Examples of youth recovering within each “out-of-home” placement type (foster, relative, residential) are evident, as are examples of youth who are deteriorating. The heterogeneity in developmental history and current functioning of youth makes blanket policies regarding placement unwise. Examination of developmental heterogeneity and functioning of youth in the welfare system can provide insights about factors influencing outcomes, thereby informing practice, program and policy. We explore whether current relational health (connectedness) promotes positive outcomes for child welfare-involved youth while controlling for developmental risk (history of adverse, and lack of relationally positive, experiences). Clinicians at 19 organisations serving child welfare-involved youth used a neurodevelopmentally informed approach to intervention, the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT), which includes metrics to assess the developmental timing of children's risk, “connectedness” and neurodevelopmental functioning (e.g., sleep, arousal, cortical control). Data-driven statistical techniques were used to produce stable, generalisable estimates. Risk during the perinatal (0–2 months) period significantly predicted children's functioning; current relational health predicted outcomes more strongly. Although early life developmental risk has a persistent effect on functioning, relationally supportive contexts may mitigate this risk. Improving relational contexts of child welfare-involved youth, regardless of placement type, is key.

scholarly journals Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süheyla Seker ◽  
Cyril Boonmann ◽  
Heike Gerger ◽  
Lena Jäggi ◽  
Delfine d’Huart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Care History

AbstractWhile children and adolescents placed in child welfare or juvenile justice out-of-home care show higher prevalence rates of mental disorders compared to the general population, it remains unclear whether this pattern persists into adulthood. A quantitative synthesis of existing studies is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence rates for mental disorders among adults with a foster or residential child welfare or juvenile justice care history, comparing them where possible to rates among the general population. PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiological studies published up to 28 October 2020. Nineteen studies, totaling 604,257 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used for prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of mental disorders, and study quality was rated. A prevalence rate of 30% [95% CI (23.36, 37.36)] for any mental disorder in adults with a child welfare care history was found (3–17% for specific disorders). A prevalence rate of 45% [95% CI (42.38, 47.38)] for any mental disorder was found in adults with a juvenile justice care history (6–66% for specific disorders). For out-of-home placement history, adult mental disorders were significantly higher than in the general population (OR = 1.33–2.76). Studies differed in terms of methodology and the disorder groups considered, so heterogeneity between effect sizes ranged from low to high. Our findings suggest that the high risk that mental health issues will persist in adults with an out-of-home placement history needs to be taken seriously in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The care systems involved need to collaborate and to be aware of these risks.

scholarly journals Identifying Trauma-Related and Mental Health Needs: The Implementation of Screening in California’s Child Welfare Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent R. Crandal ◽  
Andrea L. Hazen ◽  
Jennifer Rolls Reutz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Mental Health Needs ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
State Of The Science

A central aspect of trauma-informed care in child welfare (CW) systems is the use of a trauma-informed screening process. This includes the use of a broadly administered measurement approach to assist professionals in identifying current trauma-related symptomology or a history of potentially traumatizing events. With a high prevalence of unmet mental health needs among CW-involved children, screening can be a crucial step as systems strive to identify children impacted by trauma. This paper offers a summary of CW screening approaches in county-administered CW systems across California. Through a web-administered survey, 46 county administrators reported on their screening practices and perceptions. Information about ages of children screened and screening tools used, perceptions of screening implementation priorities, degree of implementation and satisfaction with screening processes is provided. Several implementation considerations for future trauma-informed care efforts are offered including maintaining a focus on childhood trauma, closing the science-practice gap, and evaluating the state of the science.

Spanning Thousands of Miles and Years: Political Nostalgia and China's Revival of the Silk Road

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Benabdallah
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
The Silk Road

Abstract The study of international relations (IR) has paid increasing attention over the last decade or so to the politics of memory, trauma, shame, but to a less extent to the political instrumentalization of positive experiences of the past. Indeed, IR theory rarely engaged the concept of nostalgia and its place within foreign policy making despite its potential for providing a powerful theoretical lens to explain hegemonic power dynamics. Sitting at the intersection of time and space, of time and affect, and of past and present, political nostalgia enables state leaders to move back and forth in time bringing back the past not for the past's sake but for the promise of a prosperous future. This article examines Chinese government's nostalgic borrowings from the Ancient Silk Road in order to associate Xi Jinping's new grand strategy, the New Silk Road to notions of inclusivity and prosperity. Reviving stories about fifteenth-century Chinese admiral Zheng He and reconstructing the history of his maritime navigations through stories and images of camel caravans crossing sand dunes are illustrations of political nostalgia.

scholarly journals Invasive Meningococcal Disease at Fort Ord and San Diego Naval Training Center, 1962–1964

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 397-399
Author(s):  
George W Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
History Of

Abstract Meningococcal epidemics at 2 training facilities were early examples of outbreaks fueled by military demographics and because of lethal drug-resistant bacteria for which there are no vaccines or chemoprophylaxis. Positive outcomes included the elucidation of the natural history of meningococcal colonization and disease and the initiation of vaccine development.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF CHILD WELFARE: A Present Political Concern

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Johanna Sköld ◽  
Pirjo Markkola
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Political Concern ◽  
History Of
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