scholarly journals Simulated trampling by cattle negatively impacts invasive Yellow-Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus) when submerged

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Alex L. Stoneburner ◽  
Paul J. Meiman ◽  
Troy W. Ocheltree ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Scott Bradfield
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Yellow Flag ◽  
The Us ◽  
Native Invasive ◽  
Median Height

Abstract Yellow-Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.) is a non-native, invasive wetland plant that disrupts riparian ecosystem processes and is widely distributed across the US and Canada. Due to its physiological and morphological characteristics, I. pseudacorus has the capacity to exclude native vegetation and form extensive monocultures in both lotic and lentic wetland systems. Methods commonly used to manage I. pseudacorus include manual (e.g., hand-pulling, digging) and mechanical (e.g., mowing) treatments for small populations and herbicide applications for larger populations; however, herbicide applications near water may be prohibited due to label restrictions. The objective of this research was to evaluate cattle trampling as a non-chemical method to reduce I. pseudacorus in riparian habitats. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effects of inundation and two different timings of simulated trampling on I. pseudacorus density, height, and soluble sugar concentrations in the rhizomes. A complementary field demonstration was established on a ranch in northwestern Nebraska to evaluate cattle trampling effects on I. pseudacorus density and height after two consecutive years. Simulated cattle trampling in the greenhouse had no effect on I. pseudacorus density or height of non-inundated samples. However, combining trampling with inundation reduced I. pseudacorus density from a median of 10 iris per pot to 0 iris per pot and median height from 0.35 m to 0 m by the conclusion of the study. Additionally, the field demonstration resulted in reductions of both density and height of I. pseudacorus after two consecutive years (72% and 67% reduction, respectively). Soluble sugar concentrations were not impacted by any treatment.

scholarly journals Too Much of a Good Thing – Using Water to Control the Aquatic Invasive Yellow Flag Iris (Iris Pseudacorus L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Tarasoff ◽  
Sharon Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Yellow Flag ◽  
Percent Mortality

Abstract Invasions of Iris pseudacorus L. (yellow flag iris) into wetland environments can result in changes to the functioning of the ecosystem. Field-based and greenhouse studies were initiated to study the effect of water depth on regrowth rates of cut stems of yellow flag iris. The field-based experiment occurred at 41 independent populations around the perimeter of a single wetland. The greenhouse experiment was conducted to further study the effect of water depth and duration of submersion on rhizome mortality. In both studies, treatments were compared against controls. In the field-study, yellow flag iris regrowth was significantly affected by water, though there was no relationship between water depth and percent regrowth. In the greenhouse study, there was a significant positive relationship between duration of submersion and percent mortality of rhizomes. And, there was no relationship between water depth and percent mortality; indicating that as little as 5 cm of water is sufficient to kill yellow flag iris rhizomes, if the stems are cut to the base of the plant. Our results indicate a simple technique can control yellow flag iris within aquatic ecosystems without the need for chemicals or laborious hand removal.Nomenclature: yellow flag iris, Iris pseudacorus (L.) IRPS

scholarly journals Effect of Brassinosteroid and Selenium on Uptake and Accumulation of Chromium in Yellow Flag (Iris pseudacorus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Jinyong Yu ◽  
Tian Xie ◽  
Yaolu Li ◽  
Ludong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Yellow Flag

Yellow Jack

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Charles D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
Key West ◽  
Yellow Flag ◽  
The Us ◽  
The City

This chapter describes a mosquito-borne illness, referred to as Yellow Jack by the sailors because of the yellow flag flown by quarantined ships, that arrived in Nassau during late summer. The chapter states that the blockade runner Kate also brought yellow fever with her to Wilmington, and by mid-August, the city was going through a devastating epidemic. The disease also found its way to Key West, Florida, and Beaufort, and Port Royal in South Carolina. As the fever raged in late July, the amount of shipping arriving and leaving Nassau dwindled to pre-war levels. The chapter then shifts to discuss a hindrance to the post-epidemic resurgence of the blockading bonanza — the appearance of Charles Wilkes, the US naval officer who had pulled Mason and Slidell off their boat. It elaborates the mission of West Indies Squadron, under the command of Wilkes, to destroy Florida and the new Confederate cruiser that had emerged from England with Raphael Semmes in command, the 290 (soon-to-be known as Alabama).

Quantifying linkages between watershed factors and coastal wetland plant invasion in the US Great Lakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2843-2861
Author(s):  
Bailey Ann Hannah ◽  
Anthony D. Kendall ◽  
Sherry L. Martin ◽  
David W. Hyndman
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
The Us

Control of Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum) in Southern Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Seefeldt ◽  
Jeffery S. Conn
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
South Central ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Hieracium Aurantiacum ◽  
Observation Times

AbstractOrange hawkweed is a perennial European plant that has colonized roadsides and grasslands in south-central and southeast Alaska. This plant is forming near-monotypic stands, reducing plant diversity, and decreasing pasture productivity. A replicated greenhouse study was conducted in 2006 and repeated in 2007 to determine the efficacy of six herbicides (aminopyralid, clopyralid, picloram, picloram + chlorsulfuron, picloram + metsulfuron, and triclopyr) for orange hawkweed control. Based on results of the greenhouse trials, replicated field studies were conducted at two sites each year in 2007 and 2008 with three rates each of aminopyralid and clopyralid to determine efficacy of orange hawkweed control and impacts on nontarget native vegetation. In the field, only aminopyralid at 105 g ae ha−1 (0.1 lb ae ac−1) and clopyralid at 420 g ae ha−1 controlled orange hawkweed consistently, with peak injury observed 1 yr after treatment. Control with clopyralid was slightly less than that provided by aminopyralid at all observation times, except at Homer, AK, in 2007, where there was a near-monotypic stand of orange hawkweed, and clopyralid did not remove all orange hawkweed plants. Aminopyralid controlled clover (Trifolium spp.), seacoast angelica (Angelica lucida), arctic daisy (Chrysanthemum arcticum), common hempnettle (Galeopsis tetrahit), and willow (Salix spp.) in the treated areas. Other plant species, such as grasses and some annual forbs, recovered or increased following control of the hawkweed. Clopyralid had less impact on nontarget species with most recovering the year after treatment. In a pasture system, where grasses are preferred to forbs and shrubs, aminopyralid has an advantage because it controls a broader array of forbs compared with clopyralid. In natural areas, where the desire to retain biodiversity and the aesthetics of multiple forb species mixed with grasses and willows is preferred, clopyralid will leave greater species diversity than aminopyralid.

Simulated mechanical control of flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) under mesocosm conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gray Turnage ◽  
John D. Madsen ◽  
Ryan M. Wersal ◽  
John D. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Reference Plants ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Human Practices

AbstractFlowering rush (Butomus umbellatus L.) is an invasive aquatic and wetland plant capable of developing monotypic stands in emergent and submersed sites. This plant can rapidly outcompete native vegetation and impede human practices by reducing recreation (boating, fishing, and skiing) and disrupting agricultural use of water resources (irrigation canals). Mechanical removal practices occurring biweekly, monthly, bimonthly, and once per growing season were compared with chemical control with diquat applied sequentially at 0.19 ppmv ai for two consecutive months over 2 yr (2016 and 2017). Biweekly removal gave the most consistent control of B. umbellatus biomass and propagules. Diquat application along with monthly and bimonthly clippings gave varying degrees of B. umbellatus control. Clipping once per growing season did not control B. umbellatus when compared with reference plants, while clipping B. umbellatus every 2 wk (biweekly) controlled rush propagules most effectively. However, it is unlikely this method will be sufficient as a stand-alone control option due to the slow speed of harvester boats, the potential these boats have to spread B. umbellatus propagules to more sites, and the expense of mechanical operations. However, clipping could be used as part of an integrated strategy for B. umbellatus control.

Assessing Benthic Barriers vs. Aggressive Cutting as Effective Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus) Control Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Tarasoff ◽  
Kailee Streichert ◽  
Wendy Gardner ◽  
Brian Heise ◽  
John Church ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Yellow Flag ◽  
Benthic Barriers

An experiment was initiated to study the effects of rubber benthic barriers vs. aggressive cutting on the invasive aquatic emergent plant, yellow flag iris. Treatments were compared against a control at two locations within British Columbia, Canada (Vaseux Lake and Dutch Lake). Yellow flag iris response was significantly different between the two sites, but biologically the results were identical: the benthic barrier killed yellow flag iris rhizomes within 70 d of treatment. Over the extent of the research, at Vaseux Lake the effect of aggressive cutting was no different from the control, while aggressive cutting was statistically no different than the benthic barrier at Dutch Lake. Vegetation regrowth approximately 200 d after the benthic barriers were removed was not detected at either location. These results indicate that rubber benthic barriers may be an effective treatment for yellow flag iris and maybe suitable for other, similar species.

An unusual case of seed dispersal in an invasive aquatic; yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2067-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Gaskin ◽  
Monica L. Pokorny ◽  
Jane M. Mangold
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Yellow Flag
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