scholarly journals An Experiment in Conservative Modernity: Interwar Conservatism and Henry Ford's English Farms

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit Kowol
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Party ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
Conservative Politics ◽  
British Industry ◽  
Henry Ford ◽  
Party Activist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Traditional Patterns

AbstractBetween 1931 and 1947, the American industrialist Henry Ford financed a British agricultural experiment at the Fordson Estate in the Essex countryside. This article analyses the Fordson experiment as it developed from a limited attempt to test the merits of American farming methods into a wider model for remaking British industry and society. Focusing closely on Sir Percival Perry, a Conservative Party activist and Ford's partner in the venture, it explores the extent to which the experiment sought to harmonize modern technology with traditional patterns of life. In doing so, the article places the history of the Fordson Estate within the paradigm of interwar conservative modernity. By tracing Perry's participation within a network of industrial paternalist organizations and delineating his connection to the interwar conservative movement, the article demonstrates that conservative modernity stood largely outside formal party politics but was central to the praxis of interwar conservatism. It highlights an experimental, radical, and utopian form of conservative politics that aimed to foster conservative rural citizens.

The British Conservative Party in the Twentieth Century: from Beginning to End?

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
JOHN TURNER
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Historical Society ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Conservative Politics ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oxford University Press

Stuart Ball, The Conservative Party since 1945 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998), 205 pp., £40.00, ISBN 0-7190-4012-4.John Charmley, A History of Conservative Politics, 1900–1996 (London: Macmillan, 1996), 283 pp., £16.99, ISBN 0-333-56293-3.Alan Clark, The Tories: Conservatives and the Nation State 1922–1997 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998), 493 pp., £20.00, ISBN 0-297-81849-X.N. J. Crowson, Facing Fascism: The Conservative Party and the European Dictators 1935–1940 (London: Routledge, 1997), 270 pp., £20.00, ISBN 0-415-15315-8.Brendan Evans and Andrew Taylor, From Salisbury to Major: Continuity and Change in Conservative Politics (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996), 288 pp., £14.99, ISBN 0-7190-4291-7.Steven Ludlam and Martin J. Smith, Contemporary British Conservatism (London: Macmillan, 1996), 322 pp., £14.99, ISBN 0-333-62949-3.Philip Norton (ed.), The Conservative Party (London: Prentice Hall, 1996), 264 pp., £15.95, ISBN 0-13-374653-4.John Ramsden, An Appetite for Power: A History of the Conservative Party since 1830 (London: HarperCollins, 1998), 562 pp., £24.99, ISBN 0-002-55686-3.John Ramsden, The Age of Churchill and Eden 1940–1957 (London: Longman, 1995), 350 pp., £57.50, ISBN 0-582-50463–5.John Ramsden, The Winds of Change: Macmillan to Heath 1957–1975 (London: Longman, 1996), 485 pp., £70.00, ISBN 0-582-27570-9.Anthony Seldon (ed.), How Tory Governments Fall (London: Fontana, 1996), 510 pp., £7.99, ISBN 0-00-686366-3.Anthony Seldon and Stuart Ball (eds.), Conservative Century: The Conservative Party since 1900 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 842 pp., £20.00, ISBN 0-19-820238-5.Robert Self, The Austen Chamberlain Diary Letters: The Correspondence of Sir Austen Chamberlain with his sisters Hilda and Ida, 1916–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society, 1995), 548 pp., £40.00., ISBN 0-521-55157-9.

Patrolling the Frontier

Never Trump ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Robert P. Saldin ◽  
Steven M. Teles
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
National Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Social Conservatism

This chapter assesses how public intellectuals responded with such virulence to Donald Trump. Despite overwhelming opposition to Trump among the conservative intellectual elite, Republican voters had their own ideas of what the party should be about. That is not the outcome one might have expected at the start of the 2016 electoral cycle, given the outsized role that public intellectuals have played in the GOP over the last half-century. Whatever outsiders may believe, the modern Republican Party has often told its own story as the merger of a conservative intellectual project with a range of grassroots social movements. The idea of “fusionism”—the linkage of social conservatism with economic libertarianism—was thought by the party's intellectuals to be the glue that held together the GOP's various constituencies and activists. It is that perception of the Republican Party as a conservative party—one defined by its connection to a set of ideas and the intellectuals who generated them—that made the rise of Donald Trump so traumatic for conservative public intellectuals. Among the things that were especially striking about Trump was his dismissal and general ignorance of the history of conservative thought. The chapter then looks at the role played by public intellectuals in the conservative movement, including the historical role of its flagship magazine, National Review, as a policeman of ideological purity.

Radical Conservatism: the Electoral Genesis of Tariff Reform

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Party ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reform Policy ◽  
Conservative Politics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Tariff Reform ◽  
Preferential Tariff ◽  
Severely Handicapped ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great War

For historians of the Edwardian Conservative party one problem in particular continues to present severe difficulties. This problem in the history of the Conservative party was first outlined by Lord Blake in his study of the party from Peel to Churchill, namely how to explain the feet that Conservative politics came to be so dominated by the issue of Tariff Reform in the decade preceding the Great War. Indeed, to Lord Blake it seemed scarcely credible that the Conservatives should have even considered, let alone shackled themselves to, a policy which was apparently so disastrous both for the party's unity and its electoral prospects. Such incredulity is, in many ways, hardly surprising for, as all the studies of Tariff Reform have agreed, there were enormous difficulties involved in the adoption of this policy – and two problems in particular were clearly almost insurmountable. Firstly, the core of the Tariff Reform policy, that is to say the securing of the imperial markets for British producers through a system of preferential tariff agreements with the colonies, was severely handicapped by the fact that the self-governing colonies, the only worthwhile markets, were very lukewarm about the whole idea. This difficulty stemmed from the fact that the colonies had begun to develop their own fledgling industries and were thus none too keen to have them swamped by a flood of imported British manufactures. Secondly, the only agreement in which the colonies were interested entailed the Conservatives advocating duties on imported foreign grain and agricultural goods. This, of course, led to the Conservatives being labelled the party of ‘dear food’ and there seems little room for doubt that these ‘food taxes’ did the Conservatives a great deal of electoral damage, especially amongst the working-class electorate.

The COLREGS and the Princess Alice

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kemp
Keyword(s):  
International Regulations ◽  
Henry Ford ◽  
History Of

There is currently considerable interest in the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (the COLREGS). Suggestions for changes are made, but their validity is difficult to assess because there is little possibility of testing new proposals before they are introduced. There is, however, the possibility of considering the history of the COLREGS, and their effectiveness, as they have evolved over the years. In this paper, the author's aim is to look at the lessons that may be learned from one, particularly tragic, collision between the Princess Alice and the Bywell Castle in 1878. Opinions differ as to whether a study of history is likely to be a useful exercise.History is more or less bunk – Henry Ford (American Industrialist)The only way forwards is backwards – Boris Johnson (British Politician)

217 Sleep in heavy marijuana users after smoking differing THC doses compared to controls

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A87-A87
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sibai ◽  
Timothy Roehrs ◽  
Gail Koshor ◽  
Jelena Verkler ◽  
Leslie Lundahl
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Henry Ford ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances are commonly reported by chronic marijuana (MJ) users and often identified as reasons for MJ relapse and/or other drug use. In the current study we compared the sleep architecture of 12 heavy MJ users to 11 normal controls. Methods Participants in the marijuana group met DSM-V criteria for cannabis use disorder but were otherwise healthy individuals. On the first study day, individuals smoked (1330-1400 hr) 11 puffs from a cannabis cigarette (7% THC). During the next four days, under varying experimental contingencies participants smoked an average of 4.58 (±3.48) day 1, 4.92 (±3.62) day 2, 4.75 (±3.52) day 3, and 4.17 (±3.56) day 4 puffs from cannabis cigarettes (7% THC). Their sleep was recorded the first four study nights using standard polysomnography procedures at Henry Ford Sleep and Research Center Hospital, under an 8-hr fixed time in bed (2300-0700 hr). Controls (n=11) had no history of illicit drug use or medical illness and were not shift workers. Neither group reported a history of sleep-related disorders. PSG recordings were scored using Rechtschaffen and Kales standard criteria. Sleep measures included sleep efficiency (total sleep time/time in bed * 100), latency to persistent sleep, and percent of time spent in Stage 1, 2, 3/4, and rapid eye movement (REM). Results PSGs taken across all four nights of inpatient stay showed that MJ users spent significantly more time in REM sleep compared to controls (means 24.91, 24.64, 24.42, 24.13 vs 18.81, p<.001) and less time in stage 3/4 sleep (means 4.33, 4.79, 4.53, 6.91 vs 15.68, p<.001). MJ users showed reduced sleep efficiency compared to controls on night 4 (means 82.03 vs 90.32, p=0.039), and increased latency to persistent sleep on night 1 (means 6.04 vs 17.77, p=0.026). Conclusion These data show reduced sleep efficiency, lightened sleep (reduced stage 3/4), as well as an increased duration during REM sleep in heavy MJ users during decreased use, findings that are predictive of relapse in other drug abuse populations. Support (if any) NIH/NIDA R21 DA040770 (LHL)

Abstract P127: Gender and Fitness Status Influence Age-related Decline in Peak Heart Rate Achievement: Insight From the FIT Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Ahmed ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Eliseo Guallar ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Clinton A Brawner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Henry Ford ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
History Of ◽  
Separate Regression

Background: The declines in peak heart rate (HR) and fitness level with age are related; however, whether this association differs based on gender is not well appreciated. In a large cross-sectional cohort of women and men referred for a clinically indicated exercise treadmill test (ETT), we set out to determine whether the decrease in peak HR by age varied by gender (and fitness) in the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) project. Methods: We analyzed data on 38,196 apparently-healthy patients aged 18-96 [mean age 51 ± 12 yrs, 25% black, 48% women] who completed an ETT. Those with history of coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes on medications, atrial fibrillation or flutter, or taking AV nodal blocking medications were excluded. Being “fit” was defined as achieving ≥ the median MET level for each sex/age-decile group. Peak HR vs age was plotted, and regression lines were used to determine the intercept and slope for each group. Results: Men had higher peak HR than women but with a greater decline over time; the respective intercepts and slopes for peak HR estimates were 202.9 and 0.90 for men and 197.3 and 0.80 for women, (p-interaction = 0.023). Fit people also started out with higher peak HR but approached unfit people at higher age groups; respective intercept and slope by fitness status were 203.0 and 0.87 for fit and 194.7 and 0.83 for unfit (p-interaction <0.001). Separate regression lines were generated for categories of fit men/unfit men, fit women/unfit women ( Figure ). Fit and unfit men had similar declines in peak HR with increasing age (slope=0.92); whereas fit women (slope=0.81) had a slightly greater decline in peak HR with increasing age than unfit women (slope=0.73). However, peak absolute HR for fit people still remains higher than for unfit people even into elderly ages. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional cohort of patients referred for a clinical ETT, we found that the age-related decline in peak HR is influenced by both gender and fitness status.

scholarly journals Making Modern Knowledge of Traditional Carpentry in China and Japan: Myth, Reality and Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-62
Author(s):  
Ren Congcong
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Heritage Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Yingzao Fashi ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Building Practice ◽  
Building Standards

Abstract Carpentry skills were among the most important elements of building practice in premodern China and Japan, and traditional carpentry skills continue in use in both countries to the present day. Although their importance has been greatly marginalised in building practice, in both countries some master carpenters have gained public recognition. This paper compares the modernisation of traditional building knowledge in China and Japan, and the fate of carpentry knowledge as the building industry and the formal discipline of architecture evolved. It distinguishes three phases in this historical trajectory: the period during the introduction of Western architecture as a discipline, when traditional knowledge was rejected or used selectively in the construction of national histories of building; the period when modern technology took over the main building industry and traditional craftsmen had to confront the realities of new technologies of production; and the period, still unfolding today, where heritage movements are promoting the recuperation and development of traditional craft knowledge. For each country, the paper traces how the nation’s history of building was selectively fashioned into an orthodox narrative; explores the content of key early technical works (for China, the official handbook Yingzao fashi [Building standards] and the craftsman’s manual Lu Ban jing [Carpenters’ Canon], and for Japan kikujutsu [literally, “compass and ruler techniques”] books); and shows how a talented master carpenter succeeded in creating a niche for himself within the contemporary heritage culture. It concludes that differences in the cultural respect accorded to carpentry knowledge in the two countries are rooted in the contrasting status of craftsmen in the premodern era.

scholarly journals Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Junaid Babar ◽  
Zahir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Ancient Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swat Valley ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mode Of Production

The paper deals with the architecture and function of watermills in Swat valley. Watermill is a seldom-used term; however, it has played a significant role in the socio-cultural and economic lives of people in the past. This research work explores the case study of water mills in the Swat region. It examined in detail its processing and operation. The watermill was not only an instrument used for grinding purposes but also determined the mode of production, class system and social values of people. Modern technology has though changed people's behaviors and social formations up to a large extent, but it couldn't erase people's memories and history. A qualitative method has been used for conducting this research work. An ethnic-archaeological method was focused on recording the history of this tremendous ancient technology which contributed widely to the socio-cultural context of people.

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