Menyoal Praktik Kebijakan Reforma Agraria di Kawasan Hutan

The Agrarian Reform (RA) policy, especially land redistribution from the release forest areas, is considered slow. This was caused by several problems in the field, namely: leadership, institutions, regulations, and RA subjects-objects. Effective strategies to implement RA at central and regional levels has not been found, particularly on leadership and coordination between sectors at site level. This study is presented in the form of a policy forum by closely reviewing findings and solutions to RA practices in forest areas. Analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative data were carried out to draw conclusions on real practices of RA at site level in the last three years. At macro level, the authors' findings confirm that the practice of RA experiences a fairly systematic problem due to the weakness of key actors controlling the implementation of RA, the ineffectiveness of the established institutions, and different interpretations of regulations impacted on the differences in understanding RA objects in the field. These findings emphasized that, resoundingly, strategic program of RA has not yet become a common agenda to be implemented in the framework of creating justice and welfare for the entitled people. Keyword: Agrarian reform policy, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, release of forest area Abstrak: Kebijakan Reforma Agraria (RA) khususnya redistribusi tanah dari objek pelepasan kawasan hutan dianggap lambat. Pelambatan tersebut disebabkan karena beberapa problem di lapangan, yakni: kepemimpinan, kelembagaan, regulasi, dan objek-subjek RA. Sampai saat ini, belum ditemukan cara yang efektif untuk menjalankan tata kelola RA di level pusat dan daerah, khususnya kepemimpinan dan koordinasi antarsektor di level tapak. Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk memetakan problem dan menawarkan solusi dengan basis observasi dan studi di lapangan selama tiga tahun terakhir (2018-2020). Studi ini disajikan dalam bentuk policy forum dengan me-review secara padat temuan-temuan dan solusi atas praktik RA di kawasan hutan. Analisis, reduksi, dan tafsir atas data-data kualitatif dilakukan untuk menarik kesimpulan, bagaimana sesungguhnya praktik RA di level tapak dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Secara makro, temuan penulis mengkonfirmasi bahwa praktik RA mengalami problem yang cukup sistematis akibat lemahnya aktor-aktor kunci pemegang kendali RA, tidak efektifnya kelembagaan yang dibentuk, dan perbedaan tafsir atas regulasi yang berdampak pada perbedaan pemahaman atas objek RA di lapangan. Berbekal temuan tersebut, secara meyakinkan program strategis RA belum menjadi agenda bersama untuk dijalankan dalam kerangka menciptakan keadilan dan kesejahteraan untuk masyarakat yang berhak. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan RA, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan

The Implikasi Penetapan Hutan Laposo Niniconang Watangsoppeng Terhadap Perlindungan Hak Rakyat Atas Tanah

Penetapan kawasan hutan laposo niniconang menyebabkan konflik agraria antara masyarakat dan Pemerintah selama bertahun-tahun. Hal tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian hak atas tanah karena masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan hutan kehilangan sumber penghidupan yang telah dikelola secara turun-temurun. Atas dasar persoalan tersebut dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar hukum masyarakat melakukan penguasaan tanah. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah kajian yuridis empiris. Penelitian artikel ini menggnakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris, menggunakan hasil wawancara untuk diolah an dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan tanah yang dilakukan masyarakat meyakinkan bahwa tanah yang mereka kuasai adalah hak milik masyarakat setempat. Akan tetapi, banyaknya petani yang ditangkap membuat kekhawatiran untuk mengelola lahan tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, melalui penelitian ini maka disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan reforma agraria yang komprehensif dibutuhkan untuk penyelesaian konflik-konflik semacam ini. AbstrakThe implications of establishing a forest of Laposo Niniconang Watangsoppeng on the protection of people’s rights to land. This research aims to find out and analyze the status of land rights controlled for generations. The research type is empirical legal research where data collection is carried out by interview methods on several related parties. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. Furthermore, the data is analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The results showed that traditional societies having lived for generations managing land in forest areas are worried about being arrested by the police. Reflecting on the site, a comprehensive agrarian reform policy is needed for the resolution of forest conflicts.

Conciliação, disputa e residualidade: A reforma agrária no Brasil durante os governos do PT

This paper analyzes the land reform policy of Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff governments and how the presidential mandates of Workers' Party (PT) constituted a residual land reform in Brazil. The paper aims to systematically compose the meanings and practices of the political conflict between PT’s governments and agrarian movements with sessions that replace data obtained from analysis of electoral and governmental documents, from systematically accompanying national journals, from descriptive analysis of quantitative data on land occupations, available by DATALUTA/UNESP and the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT), and from field observations in protest events. These data make it possible to realize that the conciliatory perspective wherewith the PT won the 2002 elections was not based on the government exercise during which contentious arose about agrarian reformism without, however, relieving it of the residual character it assumed after the re-election of Lula da Silva.

The Theological Priciples of Siddhar and Vallalar Songs

The Theological Priciples of Siddhar’s and Vallalar’s songs reflects the same in Reform Policies. This dissertation focuses on reform policies found in the theological principles of God in Siddhar’s and Vallalar’s songs. The objective of this dissertation is based on the theological aspects like caste denial and Unification of God and Reform policy like Elimination of Superstitious beliefs found in Siddhars and Vallalar. Siddhar’s found God as Love where as Vallalar empathized with the Withered Crops and he became one such. He initiated the movement of ‘Eternal Fire’ (Anaya Adupu) to extinguish the fire of starvation. The fire he lit continues to glow even today and serves the purpose. The cornerstone of Love is care principle in it. Thus it can be concluded that the theological principles of God in Siddhars and Vallalar are found and proved to be the same in this dissertation.

Deficits Pro forma and Substantive: Multilevel Policy Implementation in China’s Administrative Approval Intermediaries Reform

Policy implementation deficits tend to emerge and expand as implementation moves downward through multilevel administration. This article uses China as an example and examines its policy implementation at both its provincial and prefectural levels under the administrative intermediaries reform policy. By analyzing data from 225 prefectures in China and their component provinces, we identify two types of implementation deficits: deficits pro forma and substantive deficits. We highlight three factors mitigating both types of deficits and their exacerbation from the provincial level to the prefectural level: self-imposed requirements, top-down pressure, and demonstration effects from upper levels. We find that while self-imposed requirements have no binding effect, rigid executive directives from upper levels have the strongest effect on deficits mitigation while demonstration effects also play an important role in deficit reduction. Our research contributes to the implementation literature by distinguishing between pro forma and substantive deficits and by focusing on the middle layer of government as well as the phenomenon of deficit exacerbation across layers.