scholarly journals Comparing phylogenetics and linear morphometrics to solve the generic assignment ofParabolinella?triarthroidesHarrington (Trilobita, Olenidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Monti ◽  
Viviana A. Confalonieri
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Original Matrix ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Source Of Information

AbstractThe use of different methodological approaches together with an exhaustive qualitative study has helped to recognize important morphological traits to distinguish species in a systematic and phylogenetic framework.Parabolinella triarthroidesHarrington, 1938 was described based on two cranidia from the Quebrada de Coquena, Purmamarca, Jujuy province. The generic assignment ofP. triarthroideshas been questioned by a phylogenetic analysis, which resolves this species as the sister group ofBienvilliaClark, 1924. To explore the generic assignment of this species, a revision of the type material, plus a morphometric analysis including specimens ofParabolinellaBrøgger, 1882 andBienvilliawere performed. In addition, the original matrix used in the published phylogeny was reviewed and enlarged, including more species ofBienvillia. Continuous characters were coded in different ways in order to compare how they could affect the ordering of specimens and their phylogenetic relationships. Finally, both methodologies were compared, especially in regard to the behavior of the quantitative characters included in the analyses. From the combined analyses, it is shown that similarities between the cranidium ofP. triarthroidesand all otherParabolinellaspecies are true homologies instead of a by-product of evolutionary convergence. Therefore,P. triarthroidesshould be considered a member of this genus. Finally, this study demonstrates that the best strategy for solving systematic problems in groups where the morphological variation is the only source of information (i.e., fossil taxa without living representatives) is the implementation of an integrative approach, combining different methodological techniques and a good description of specimens.

The first-instar larva of the genus Arthropterus (Coleoptera : Carabidae : Paussinae): implications for evolution of myrmecophily and phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Giulio ◽  
Wendy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Paraphyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

The first-instar larva of the genus Arthropterus W.S. MacLeay, 1838 is described and illustrated. This is the first description of a newly hatched (first-instar) larva in the myrmecophilous tribe Paussini and the first known larva from a basal paussine lineage. A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily based on larval characters confirms the placement of the genus Arthropterus as a sister-group of the remaining Paussini and supports the hypothesis that Metriini is the sister-group of Ozaenini+Paussini, with 'Ozaenini' as a paraphyletic group. Within this phylogenetic framework, we reassess which larval characters are diagnostic of the tribes Paussini and Ozaenini. Several larval features of Arthropterus, such as the riddled sensilla S-VIII and the fused terminal disk, are interpreted as adaptations to myrmecophily. This interpretation supports the hypothesis that larvae have played an important role in the evolution of myrmecophily within the subfamily Paussinae.

On the family Fissiphalliidae Martens, 1988, with descriptions of two new Amazonian species (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1325 (1) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA LÚCIA TOURINHO ◽  
ABEL PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Amazonas State

Two new species of Brazilian Fissiphalliidae are described. Fissiphallius chicoi n. sp. from Pará State, Gurupá municipality, whitewater floodplains (várzea), and Fissiphallius tucupi n. sp. from Amazonas State, Castanho municipality (paleovárzea). The number of species for this family in the Amazon rainforest increases from one to three. The two new species are closely related to Fissiphallius martensi Pinto-da-Rocha, 2004 from Amazonas State, Manaus. Fissiphalliidae and Zalmoxidae show remarkable similarities in somatic and genital morphology. Fissiphalliidae is kept as a family on the basis of its particular shape of the stragulum, but this character should be tested in a phylogenetic framework. A future phylogenetic analysis should determine if Fissiphalliidae is in fact the sister group of Zalmoxidae, or just a junior synonym. A key for identification, a distribution map, and notes on the distribution of the six species of Fissiphalliidae and the biology of the Amazonian species are given.

Sedum danjoense (Crassulaceae), a new species of succulent plants from the Danjo Islands in Japan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 309 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKURO ITO ◽  
HIROKI NAKANISHI ◽  
YOSHIRO CHICHIBU ◽  
KIYOTAKA MINODA ◽  
GORO KOKUBUGATA
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Equal Size ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Succulent Plants ◽  
A New Species

We compared Sedum formosanum with related species using morphological traits and molecular phylogenetic analysis of nrITS sequences. Morphological comparisons revealed that the plants historically treated as S. formosanum in the Danjo Islands of Japan had 4-merous flower; 8 stamens; narrow triangular sepals of equal size; horizontal carpels when matured; and an irregular branching form. These traits differed from those of S. formosanum in other regions, which has 5-merous flowers; 10 stamens, thick spatulate sepals of unequal size; erect carpels when matured; and a trichotomous branching form. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that plants known as S. formosanum in the Danjo Islands were sister group to S. tetractinum, which are endemic to China and belong to a different clade than S. formosanum, which are found in other regions. Based on the present morphological comparisons and phylogenetical analyses, we describe plants from the Danjo Islands as a new species, S. danjoense, which is distinct from S. formosanum.

scholarly journals A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) from the Early Miocene of Tuchořice, the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 397-411
Author(s):  
Jorge Morales ◽  
Oldřich Fejfar ◽  
Elmar Heizmann ◽  
Jan Wagner ◽  
Alberto Valenciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fossil Remains

Abstract New Amphicyonidae fossil remains from the early Miocene site of Tuchořice (the Czech Republic) confirm the presence of a new Thaumastocyoninae taxon: Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp. It is characterized by a peculiar combination of plesiomorphic and derived morphological traits. The new genus can be defined by a long and sharp mandible diastema, loss of mesial premolars (p2–p3), p4 with an inclined distally high main cuspid, moderate sectorial carnassial teeth, m1 with relict metaconid, and talonid and trigonid of similar width, and reduced M2 and m2. In the phylogenetic analysis the Thaumastocyoninae form a monophyletic group characterized by the start of the m2/M2 reduction, still moderate in Crassidia intermedia (von Meyer, 1849), but remarkable in the other species of the clade. Peignecyon felinoides already shows the advanced features defining the Thaumastocyoninae, and constitutes the sister group of the most specialized genera Tomocyon Viret, 1929b and Thaumastocyon Sthelin et Helbing, 1925. Consequently, it can be considered an excellent link between this group and the more primitive members of the tribe Ysengrini (Ysengrinia Ginsburg, 1966 and Crassidia Heizmannn et Kordikova, 2000). Peignecyon felinoides shows that the trend towards hypercarnivory had already emerged in the European early Miocene fauna, thus helping to understand the complex evolution of the Amphicyonidae during the Miocene.

scholarly journals Eric Broekaert (1951-2016): the life and legacy of a TC pioneer and integrative thinker

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Wouter Vanderplasschen ◽  
Stijn Vandevelde ◽  
Franky D’Oosterlinck ◽  
Dirk Vandevelde ◽  
Jan Naert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Approach ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Therapeutic Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
European Working ◽  
University Professor ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Purpose Eric Broekaert passed away shortly after the XVIth European Working group on Drug-Oriented Research (EWODOR)-conference in Rome on 28 September 2016. He was one of the great TC pioneers in Europe, who founded the first TC for addictions in Belgium (De Kiem) and co-founded the European Federation of Therapeutic Communities and EWODOR. He was a respected Professor of “Orthopedagogics” at Ghent University and a Member of the Editorial Collective of Therapeutic Communities: the International Journal of Therapeutic Communities. The paper aims to discuss the overview of the career of Eric Broekaert. Design/methodology/approach In this obituary, the authors provide an overview of his career, major achievements and theoretical, methodological and integrative ideas, clustered around four typologies: university professor and scholar; manager and source of inspiration; TC pioneer and believer, and integrative thinker. Findings Besides his obvious merits as a TC researcher and advocate, one of his major theoretical contributions has been the introduction of the holistic, integrative approach and the idea that diverse types of interventions, as well as methodological approaches can alternatively go together. Originality/value He regarded TCs as the ultimate integration of various educational and therapeutic approaches to promote growth and quality of life among severely disadvantaged populations, such as drug addicts and children and adults with emotional and behavioural disorders.

Comparative morphology of extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Rhachiberothidae) suggests a non-monophyletic Mantispidae and a single origin of the raptorial condition within the superfamily

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4992 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-89
Author(s):  
ADRIAN ARDILA-CAMACHO ◽  
CALEB CALIFRE MARTINS ◽  
ULRIKE ASPÖCK ◽  
ATILANO CONTRERAS-RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
New Interpretation

Adult external morphology of the extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae and Rhachiberothidae) is compared emphasizing the morphology of the subfamily Symphrasinae as a key group to understand the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the superfamily. Plega dactylota Rehn, 1939 is thoroughly characterized in order to exemplify the morphology of the Symphrasinae. Additionally, following a review of the literature and examination of comparative material of Dilaridae, Berothidae, Rhachiberothidae and all Mantispidae subfamilies, a new interpretation of the components of the raptorial apparatus (i.e., head, prothorax, grasping forelegs, as well as integumentary specializations) is presented. Also, wing venation for these groups is reinterpreted, and new homology hypotheses for wing venation are proposed based on tracheation and comparative analyses. Given the high morphological divergence on the genital sclerites within the Mantispoidea, plus the confusing previous usage of neutral terminology and terms referring to appendages across taxonomic and morphological studies, we attempt to standardize, simplify, and situate terminology in an evolutionary context under the “gonocoxite concept” (multi-coxopod hypothesis). The remarkable morphological similarity of the genital sclerites of Symphrasinae and Rhachiberothidae (sensu U. Aspöck & Mansell 1994) with the Nallachinae (Dilaridae) was taken as a starting point to understand the morphology of other Mantispidae subfamilies. Based on these morphological comparisons, we provide a revised phylogenetic analysis of Mantispoidea. This new phylogenetic analysis supports a sister group relationship between the family Rhachiberothidae, comprising Rhachiberothinae and Symphrasinae, and the family Mantispidae, including the subfamily Mantispinae and its sister taxa Drepanicinae and Calomantispinae, which may represent a single subfamily. Based on these analyses, raptorial condition probably evolved a single time in these insects and subsequently became diversified in the two sister clades of the raptorial Mantispoidea.  

scholarly journals A New Cypselomorph Bird from the Middle Eocene of Germany and the Early Diversification of Avian Aerial Insectivores

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Insectivorous Birds ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Aerial Insectivores

Abstract A new taxon of the Cypselomorphae—the clade including nightjars, potoos, owlet-nightjars, and apodiform birds—is described from the middle Eocene of Messel in Germany. Phylogenetic analysis of 49 characters shows Protocypselomorphus manfredkelleri gen. et sp. nov. to be the sister group of all other cypselomorph taxa, although this placement was not robust to bootstrapping. As evidenced by its swift-like beak, long forearm, and reduced feet, P. manfredkelleri was hawking insects on the wing. Thus it adds a distinctive new taxon to the already diverse assemblage of Paleogene aerial insectivores, all of which belong to the Cypselomorphae. This strongly contrasts with the extant avifauna where many aerial insectivores belong to songbirds, and among the insectivorous cypselomorph taxa only swifts and nightjars are species rich and widely distributed. The diversity of aerial insectivores among the Cypselomorphae may have been reduced by food competition with songbirds, which do not become the dominant group of insectivorous birds before the early Miocene. Una Nueva Ave Cipselomorfa del Eoceno Medio de Alemania y la Diversificación Temprana de las Aves Insectívoras Aéreas Resumen. Se describe un nuevo taxón de Cypselomorphae, el clado que incluye a las familias Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Aegothelidae y a las aves apodiformes, del Eoceno medio de Messel en Alemania. Un análisis filogenético de 49 caracteres muestra que Protocypselomorphus manfredkelleri gen. et sp. nov. es el grupo hermano de los demás taxa de cipselomorfos, aunque esta posición no fue apoyada por el análisis de bootstrap. Como lo evidencia su pico tipo vencejo, antebrazo largo y patas pequeñas, P. manfredkelleri cazaba insectos al vuelo. Así, este hallazgo añade un nuevo taxón al grupo ya diverso de los insectívoros aéreos del Paleógeno, todos los cuales pertenecen al grupo de los cipselomorfos. Esto contrasta fuertemente con la avifauna actual, en que muchos insectívoros aéreos pertenecen al grupo de los paseriformes, mientras que de los taxa de insectívoros cipselomorfos sólo los apodiformes y caprimúlgidos presentan alta diversidad específica y se encuentran ampliamente distribuidos. La diversidad de los insectívoros aéreos en los cipselomorfos pude haberse reducido debido a la competencia por alimento con las aves paseriformes, las cuales no se transforman en el grupo dominante de aves insectívoras sino hasta el Mioceno temprano.

A new species of Paratelmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4648 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS THADEU TEIXEIRA SANTOS ◽  
SÍLVIA HELENA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
THIAGO RIBEIRO DE CARVALHO ◽  
BÁRBARA FERNANDES ZAIDAN ◽  
NELSON RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Paratelmatobius is described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the state of Paraná in southern Brazil. Adults, tadpoles, and vocalizations are described. Morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis place the new species within the P. cardosoi group. The new species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by its advertisement call being composed of two note types and comprised of a series of 2–4 notes. The new species is classified as an explosive breeder, having reproductive activity strongly associated with heavy rainfall. This discovery highlights the importance of intensifying survey efforts in the Atlantic Forest, a domain with high levels of species richness and endemism. 

scholarly journals Flightless Disphaerona rediscovered in China: mtDNA phylogeography of the Yunnan clade and the sobering state of fungus weevil phylogenetics (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily V. Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Dabie Mountains ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Family

This paper reports discovery of the genus <em>Disphaerona</em> Jordan, 1902 in two widely separated regions in China: in three isolated highlands in Yunnan (the Cang Shan Range, Mt. Jizu and Mt. Haba) and in the Dabie Mountains of Hubei, at the border with Anhui. Till present the genus was known from China only from four specimens of<em> D.</em> <em>chinensis</em> (including its holotype) described from Sichuan in 1995. Sixteen specimens from each of the three newly detected localities in Yunnan were DNA barcoded and the data were made publicly available at dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-DISPHAE. Temporal phylogenetic analysis revealed a topology suggesting monophyly and recent (0.2–0.4 Ma) origin of the populations on both Mt. Jizu and Mt. Haba. The population on the Cang Shan Range harbours representatives of both clades forming the ingroup, mtDNA of which diverged some 7.9 Ma. The habitus of the holotype of the only nominative Chinese <em>Disphaerona</em> species, <em>D. chinensis,</em> is illustrated, together with habitus and male and female genitalia of specimens newly discovered in both Yunnan and Hubei. All specimens of <em>Disphaerona</em> from Yunnan are seemingly conspecific and are taxonomically assigned to D. chinensis. Two similar males and one sympatric but dissimilar, smaller female from the Dabie Mountains do not have associated DNA barcode data. It remains unknown whether the three Dabie Mountains specimens are conspecific or even congeneric; pending this uncertainty they are tentatively treated as <em>Disphaerona</em> without a Linnaean name. <em>Disphaerona</em> population in the Dabie Mountains, if indeed a member of this hypothesised clade, forms the easternmost record of the genus. Monophyly and sister group of <em>Disphaerona</em> are briefly discussed and both are shown as unknown and unverifiable. A brief overview of the state of phylogenetic knowledge of Anthribidae is given, which is practically non-existing and with neither the family, nor any of its tribes and the vast majority of genera tested as monophyletic.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with description of a new species

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Londoño-Burbano ◽  
Roberto E. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Maracaibo Basin ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACT A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis were completed for Dasyloricaria . The genus includes three valid species: D . filamentosa and D . latiura previously included in the genus, and a new species described herein. Dasyloricaria have a restricted trans-Andean distribution, with D . filamentosa occurring at the lower and middle Magdalena, lower Cauca, and Sinu in Colombia, and lago Maracaibo basin in Colombia and Venezuela; D . latiura in the Atrato and the Tuyra basins in Colombia and Panama, respectively; and the new species in the upper and middle Magdalena basin in Colombia. New synonyms for D . filamentosa and D . latiura are proposed, and a lectotype is designated for the latter. Dasyloricaria is herein recognized as monophyletic, with D . filamentosa as the sister group of D . latiura , and the new speciesas sister to that clade. Spatuloricaria is hypothesized to be the sister group of Dasyloricaria based on synapomorphies of the neurocranium, branchial arches and external morphology features. The subtribe Rineloricariina was partially corroborated through the phylogenetic analysis. An identification key for the species of Dasyloricaria is provided.

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