scholarly journals Employers as Subjects of the Immigration State: How the State Foments Employment Insecurity for Temporary Immigrant Workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Shannon Gleeson ◽  
Kati L. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Will

Abstract The state plays a key role in shaping worker precarity, and employers are key actors in mediating this process. While employers sometimes may act as willing extensions of the deportation machinery, they are also subjects of the immigration state. In this article, we highlight the impact of state-employer dynamics on migrant workers with Temporary Protected Status (TPS). These workers have only provisional permission to live and work in the United States, but are not tied to any single employer. Even though they are privileged over unauthorized workers and employer-sponsored guest workers, TPS holders experience their own brand of state-induced precarity. Their employers risk civil or criminal liability if they are not in compliance with work authorization requirements and must repeatedly navigate an unpredictable and confusing immigration bureaucracy. Drawing on interviews with 121 low-wage TPS workers and two dozen of their advocates in the New York City metropolitan area, our findings reveal that the intertwined coercive and bureaucratic arms of the immigration state together make hiring TPS workers a more risky and costly proposition for employers, thereby exacerbating the job insecurity that TPS workers already face due to an at-will employment regime that offers few protections against firing.

Do Stock Markets Catch the Flu?

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. McTier ◽  
Yiuman Tse ◽  
John K. Wald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trading Activity ◽  
Market Makers ◽  
International Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bid Ask Spreads

AbstractWe examine the impact of influenza on stock markets. For the United States, a higher incidence of flu is associated with decreased trading, decreased volatility, decreased returns, and higher bid-ask spreads. Consistent with the flu affecting institutional investors and market makers, the decrease in trading activity and volatility is primarily driven by the incidence of influenza in the greater New York City area. However, the effect of the flu on bid-ask spreads and returns is related to the incidence of flu nationally. International data confirm our findings of a decrease in trading activity and returns when flu incidence is high.

Freedom of the Air in the United States

1931 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-251
Author(s):  
Blewett Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
State Board

On September 15, 1930, the State Board of Commerce and Navigation of New Jersey made a ruling that aircraft would not be permitted to land on any New Jersey waters above tidewater within the jurisdiction of the state. The application had been made for permission to operate a five passenger flying boat between Nolan's Point, Lake Hopatcong, a vacation resort, and New York City, and to set off a portion of the lake to make a landing place for the hydroairplane. It was stated that other inland waters in New Jersey were being used for a similar purpose, and the ground of the refusal was that aircraft flying from water constituted a menace to surface navigation. This ruling created considerable newspaper comment and aroused vigorous protest from persons interested in aviation, and by order of October 20, 1930, the ruling was limited to Lake Hopatcong.

The Jenkins Television Corporation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
York City ◽  
The State ◽  
Jersey City ◽  
The Impact

This chapter focuses on the Jenkins Television Corporation, founded by C. Francis Jenkins on November 16, 1928, under the laws of the State of Delaware. Jenkins Television combined Jenkins' television and Lee De Forest's radio patents, their technology, and their salable names. It was designed for manufacturing and selling equipment created by the Jenkins Laboratories, and was financed to meet the demands for receivers. This chapter begins with a discussion of Jenkins' relocation of W3XK to Wheaton, Maryland, along with some of the station's program innovations. It also considers Jenkins Television's creation of two television stations, W2XCR in Jersey City and WGBS in New York City; demonstrations of a “flying laboratory” for home transmission of radio movies; and lawsuits that hounded Jenkins and Jenkins Television. Finally, it examines the impact of the stock market collapse in 1929 on Jenkins' companies and the eventual downfall of the Jenkins Television Corporation before reflecting on Jenkins' death in 1934.

scholarly journals The Impact of Vaccination to Control COVID-19 Burden in the United States: A Simulation Modeling Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Alagoz ◽  
Ajay K. Sethi ◽  
Brian W. Patterson ◽  
Matthew Churpek ◽  
Ghalib Alhanaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIntroductionVaccination programs aim to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the relative impacts of vaccine coverage, effectiveness, and capacity in the context of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as mask use and physical distancing on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are unclear. Our objective was to examine the impact of vaccination on the control of SARS-CoV-2 using our previously developed agent-based simulation model.MethodsWe applied our agent-based model to replicate COVID-19-related events in 1) Dane County, Wisconsin; 2) Milwaukee metropolitan area, Wisconsin; 3) New York City (NYC). We evaluated the impact of vaccination considering the proportion of the population vaccinated, probability that a vaccinated individual gains immunity, vaccination capacity, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. The primary outcomes were the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and the timing of pandemic control, defined as the date after which only a small number of new cases occur. We also estimated the number of cases without vaccination.ResultsThe timing of pandemic control depends highly on vaccination coverage, effectiveness, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. In Dane County and Milwaukee, if 50% of the population is vaccinated with a daily vaccination capacity of 0.1% of the population, vaccine effectiveness of 90%, and the adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions is 65%, controlled spread could be achieved by July 2021 and August 2021, respectively versus in March 2022 in both regions without vaccine. If adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions increases to 70%, controlled spread could be achieved by May 2021 and April 2021 in Dane County and Milwaukee, respectively.DiscussionIn controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the impact of vaccination varies widely depending not only on effectiveness and coverage, but also concurrent adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants was not considered.Primary Funding SourceNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

scholarly journals Impact of hepatitis B on mortality and specific causes of death in adults with and without HIV co-infection in NYC, 2000–2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (16) ◽  
pp. 3354-3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PINCHOFF ◽  
O. C. TRAN ◽  
L. CHEN ◽  
K. BORNSCHLEGEL ◽  
A. DROBNIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
York City ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYHigh rates of immigration from endemic countries contribute to the high chronic hepatitis B (HBV) prevalence in New York City (NYC) compared to the United States overall, i.e. about 1 million individuals. We describe the impact of HBV infection on mortality and specific causes of death in NYC. We matched surveillance and vital statistics mortality data collected from 2000 to 2011 by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and analysed demographics and premature deaths (i.e. whether death occurred at <65 years) in persons with and without chronic HBV or HIV infection (excluding those with hepatitis C). From 2000 to 2011, a total of 588 346 adults died in NYC. Of all decedents, 568 753 (97%) had no report of HIV or HBV, and 4346 (0·7%) had an HBV report. Of HBV-infected decedents, 1074 (25%) were HIV co-infected. Fifty-five percent of HBV mono-infected and 95% of HBV/HIV co-infected decedents died prematurely. HBV disproportionately impacts two subgroups: Chinese immigrants and HIV-infected individuals. These two subgroups are geographically clustered in different neighbourhoods of NYC. Tailoring prevention and treatment messages to each group is necessary to reduce the overall burden of HBV in NYC.

The state of worker protections in the United States: Unregulated work in New York City

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 135-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette BERNHARDT ◽  
Siobhán McGRATH ◽  
James DeFILIPPIS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State

The Resurgence of Tuberculosis in the United States: Societal Origins and Societal Responses

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor W. Sidel ◽  
Ernest Drucker ◽  
Steven C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Health Services ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Planning of effective responses to the recent resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States, and particularly in New York City, requires review of our knowledge of (1) the factors that led to the decline of tuberculosis in the U.S. and other countries during the nineteenth and the first three-quarters of the twentieth century, and (2) the recent changes in these same factors and the rise of new factors that have contributed to its resurgence. Because the analysis of the impact of all of these factors in both the remote and the recent past is controversial, it is important to use a well-defined framework to organize the analysis. The framework we will use is shown in Table 1. To the classic epidemiologic triad of Agent, Host and Environment it adds the category of Health Services. In this paper we redefine both the classic and new categories using current disciplines and concepts applicable to tuberculosis.

A Comparison of Common Health Indicators From Two Surveys of Latinos in the Bronx, New York

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Aldo Crossa ◽  
Jillian Jessup ◽  
Sze Yan Liu ◽  
Carmen R. Isasi ◽  
David B. Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Population health surveys inform and demonstrate the impact of public health policies. However, the performance of such surveys in specific groups of interest (e.g., Hispanics/Latinos in a neighborhood of New York City) is rarely studied. Method: We compared measures for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and current smoking based on the New York City Community Health Survey (CHS, a telephone survey of New York City adults) with the Hispanic Community Health Survey/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), an in-person survey of Hispanic/Latino adults in four communities in the United States (2008-2011), including the Bronx. CHS data were limited to Hispanic/Latinos living in the HCHS/SOL Bronx catchment area. Results: Compared with CHS, HCHS/SOL estimated higher prevalence of obesity (in HCHS/SOL, PHCHS/SOL = 45.0% vs. in CHS, PCHS = 30.6%, p < .01) and current smoking (PHCHS/SOL = 21.2% vs. PCHS = 16.2%, p < .01) but similar for hypertension (PHCHS/SOL = 33.1% vs. PCHS = 33.8%, p > .05) and diabetes (PHCHS/SOL = 15.2% vs. PCHS = 15.7%, p > .05). Stratified estimates (by age, sex, education, and Hispanic/Latino heritage) followed similar trends. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the importance of assessing potential bias in population-based surveys of Hispanics/Latinos and other populations of interest and highlights the complex nature of measuring health outcomes via population-based surveys.

The Urban Fiscal Crisis in the United States, National Health Insurance, and Municipal Hospitals

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Craig ◽  
Michael Koleda
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
The Impact

The fiscal stress which many U.S. cities are currently experiencing, the persistent problems of large-city local government hospitals, the recent decisions for selected public hospital closings in New York City and Philadelphia, and the prospective enactment of a program of national health insurance collectively raise questions about the viability of the nation's major municipal hospitals. While the majority of the nation's 40 largest cities are in a state of economic and demographic decline, the diversity which characterizes their fiscal conditions and their responses to fiscal stress suggests caution in generalizing from the highly publicized New York City experience in assessing the ability of cities to continue to maintain public hospital activities. Indeed, there is considerable evidence to indicate that the staying power of municipal hospitals is quite substantial even in circumstances of severe fiscal stress. Further, analysis of the effect of Medicaid implementation on municipal hospital utilization and of the impact of prospective national health insurance programs on the demand for and supply of medical services suggests that municipal hospitals will continue to be important providers of health care services for many years to come.

scholarly journals Smoking Habits of the Homeless

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Weiner ◽  
Mark Rabiner ◽  
Thomas Marron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Impact

The homeless population in the United States remains high, with over 600,000 homeless on any given night, and surveys in multiple homeless communities have found smoking rates to range from 68 to 80%, 3–4 times the national average (Baggett, Tobey, & Rigotti, 2013). This high rate is of grave concern to this vulnerable population, as cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death in the United States, and cardiovascular disease and cancers of the lung and airway secondary to smoking are the leading causes of death within the homeless population (Porter, Houston, Anderson & Maryman, 2011). Over the last two decades, moves to curb smoking in New York City through taxation and bans on indoor smoking resulted in significantly lower smoking rates throughout the city (Coady et al., 2012). However, as primary care providers to the homeless, we have noted continued high rates of smoking among our patients despite the citywide success of cessation programs, and whether the changes over the last two decades have affected smoking rates in this vulnerable population has not been assessed in the literature. We conducted a survey of 224 homeless adults in New York City shelter walk-in clinics in the 2013 calendar year to assess the current prevalence of smoking in this population, and assess the impact of restrictions, specifically precipitous elevation in prices.

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