scholarly journals Colonizing Workers: Labor, Race, and U.S. Military Governance in the Southern Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47
Author(s):  
Oliver Charbonneau
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Industrial Education ◽  
American Military ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Mandatory Service

Management of labor was central to articulating and constructing U.S. colonialism in the southern Philippines. Governed by American military officers for fifteen years (1899–1914), the major island of Mindanao and those of the Sulu Archipelago became sites of intensive race management efforts. Colonial officials identified racialized Muslim and Lumad societies as out of step with the modern world of work and developed myriad programs to address this “problem,” including mandatory service on public works projects, carceral labor, industrial education, and directed markets. Unevenly applied and frequently contested, these initiatives generated a range of responses from local actors. The drive to create disciplined laborers through incentive, coercion, and violence shaped state building in the region and linked it to preoccupations with work and racial reform in other U.S. imperial possessions and the wider colonized world.

Staatliche Bezirksbehörden nach 1848. Knotenpunkte der "unmittelbarsten Beziehungen" von Staat und Bevölkerung

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-230
Author(s):  
Thomas Stockinger
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Constitutional Rule ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
District Administration

District Administration by the State after 1848. The Nexus of the “Most Immediate Relations” between the State and the Population. With the abolition of the manorial system in 1848, the Habsburg state was forced to create its own network of local administrative institutions. This project mobilised huge quantities of both personnel and material resources, and eventually affected the everyday lives of the entire population. In Michael Mann’s terms, it intensified the previously thin, extensive power of the state. On the surface, it sought to strengthen the despotic power of the state, but at the same time, it had to rely on manifold contributions by local actors, who were compensated not only with increasing benefits, but also with opportunities to participate in governance. While the neo-absolutist attempt to replace constitutional rule with paternalist bureaucracy failed, it created structures that would remain fundamental to state-building until the end of the Monarchy and beyond.

Development of the system of punishments without isolation from society in the Russian criminal law until 1917

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
M. M. Cherekhovich
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
State Building ◽  
Public Works ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Written Sources

The article investigates the process of development of the system of punishments applied without isolation from society in the Russian criminal law during the period from the 9th century till 1917. On the basis of the analysis of the most important written sources of law, the author concludes that deprivation of liberty had not been applied as a type of criminal punishment until the 16th century. The type of punishment under consideration had the features of an ecclesiastical and repentant penalty. The leading role in the system of punishment was assigned to various types of fines, monetary penalties, mutilation (maiming) penalties and death penalty. Sentences alternative to deprivation of liberty were commonly used during the reign of Peter the Great for the purpose of using convicts in state-building facilities. The tendency to punish minor crimes by imposing monetary penalties or public works instead of imprisonment was initiated during the reign of Catherine the Second and was finally outlined by the middle of the 19th century. Until 1917, types of punishment that did not envisaged isolation from society prevailed in the Russian system of criminal penalties.

Governance without Government in Somalia: Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Menkhaus
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
State Building ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Weak States ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Political Access ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Governance Arrangements

Zones of state failure are assumed to be anarchic. In reality, communities facing the absence of an effective state authority forge systems of governance to provide modest levels of security and rule of law. Nowhere is this phenomenon more evident than in Somalia, where an array of local and regional governance arrangements have emerged since the 1991 collapse of the state. The Somalia case can be used both to document the rise of governance without government in a zone of state collapse and to assess the changing interests of local actors seeking to survive and prosper in a context of state failure. The interests of key actors can and do shift over time as they accrue resources and investments; the shift “from warlord to landlord” gives some actors greater interests in governance and security, but not necessarily in state revival; risk aversion infuses decisionmaking in areas of state failure; and state-building initiatives generally fail to account for the existence of local governance arrangements. The possibilities and problems of the “mediated state model,” in which weak states negotiate political access through existing local authorities, are considerable.

Plays and Amusements Offered for and By the American Military During the Revolutionary War

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Jared A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
American Military ◽  
Continental Congress ◽  
British Military ◽  
The Revolution

In October, 1774, the Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, passed a resolution designed to ‘discountenance and discourage every species of extravagance and dissipation’, including the ‘exhibition of shews, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments’. The Revolution would begin within six months, and Congress was clearly attempting to prepare Americans for a period of austerity. But if Congress intended to eliminate all theatrical activities for the duration of the hostilities, it could not have failed more completely. Indeed, the American Revolution saw more theatrical activity on American soil than had ever taken place there before. British military officers – who brought with them a strong theatre-going tradition – sponsored lavish performances of plays in New York, Philadelphia, and elsewhere between 1775 and 1783. In turn, the remarkable number of British theatrical productions stimulated certain American military officials to countenance performances given by American officers for audiences of soldiers and civilians. This may have been illegal, but it boosted morale and it was intended to demonstrate that Americans could compete with the British on any level, including the theatrical.

Reduction in type A behavior in healthy middle-aged American military officers

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Gill ◽  
Virginia A. Price ◽  
Meyer Friedman ◽  
Carl E. Thoresen ◽  
Lynda H. Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
American Military

Counterfactuals, Empires, and Institutions: Reflections on Walter Scheidel’s Escape from Rome

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-650
Author(s):  
Mark Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
State Building ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Road ◽  
First Millennium

This essay reviews Escape from Rome: The Failure of Empire and the Road to Prosperity by Walter Scheidel. It examines the argument that Europe’s persistent fragmentation following the collapse of the Roman Empire is responsible for the origins of the modern world. First, I consider Scheidel’s argument that the rise of Rome at the end of the first millennium BCE was relatively overdetermined, but that once Rome fell, it was highly unlikely for any subsequent empire to dominate Europe. Second, I examine the institutional consequences of this divergence in state building. Finally, I reflect on the role of counterfactuals in history. (JEL Y80)

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