scholarly journals Resolving the Raven Paradox: Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, and Inference to Best Explanation

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Barry Ward
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Raven Paradox

scholarly journals SISTEMA DE INVENTÁRIO FLORESTAL PARA SERINGAL NATIVO

FLORESTA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Arimatéa Silva ◽  
Sylvio Péllico Netto
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Inventory System ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um Sistema de Inventário Florestal para seringal nativo. Aplicou-se a Amostragem Inteiramente Aleatória (AIA), em dois estágios: colocação de seringa, no primeiro, e estrada de seringa, no segundo. Foram estimados: número de seringueiras por estrada (N), área basal das seringueiras da estrada (G) e volume da porção explorada do fuste (V). Realizou-se uma pós-estratificação, considerando-se estradas de centro e de margem, aplicando-se a Amostragem Estratificada (AE). Comparou-se a AIA com a AE, com base na eficiência relativa. Os resultados revelaram as seguintes estimativas para as médias estratificadas: N=100; G=19,00 m², V= 62,8 m³. Concluiu-se que a AE revelou-se mais eficiente que a AIA para estimar as variáveis analisadas. Propõe-se que um sistema de inventário para seringal nativo deve combinar: informações de um censo das colocações; um processo de amostragem estratificada; e um método de amostragem cuja unidade de amostra é a estrada de seringa. Forest Inventory System for Rubber Trees Abstract Forest Inventory System for rubber trees. This work had as objective to develop an Inventory System for native rubber tree areas. The Simple Random Sampling (SRS) was applied in two stages: the setting, in the first, and the rubber trees tracks, in the second stage. Number of rubber trees per track (N), basal area of the rubber trees track (G) and volume of the stem portion explored (V) were the parameters estimated. A post-stratification was become fulfilled, considering itself center tracks and river side tracks, applying itself it Stratified Random Sampling (STRS). It was compared SRS with the STRS, on the basis of the relative efficiency. The results showed the following estimates for the stratified means: N=100; G=19,00 m², V = 62,8 m³. It was concluded that the STRS showed more efficient than the SRS to estimate the analyzed variables. It is considered that an Inventory System for native rubber tree areas must match: information of a census of the settings; a process of Stratified Random Sampling; and a sampling method whose unit of sample is the rubber tree track.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PENYELENGGARAAN LATIHAN UJIAN NASIONAL BAHASA INGGRIS SMA SWASTA EX-RSBI

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Noviana Noor ◽  
Aman Aman
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
National Examination ◽  
High Category

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) memperoleh informasi input (antecedents) tentang penyelenggaraan latihan UN, (2) mengetahui proses (transactions) penyelenggaraan latihan UN, dan (3) mengetahui hasil (outcomes) penyelenggaraan latihan UN Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Model evaluasi yang digunakan model Stake’s. Subjek yang digunakan (1) Dinas Pendidikan Kota Yogyakarta; (2) SMA Swasta ex-RSBI kelas XII di kota Yogyakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling. Sumber data adalah Dinas Pendidikan Kota Yogyakarta, kepala sekolah, dan siswa. Hasil penelitian adalah (1) input (antecedents) penyelenggaraan latihan UN sudah baik dilihat dari dimensi persiapan penyelenggaraannya; (2) proses (transaction) penyelenggaraan latihan UN Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris baik; (3) pada hasil (outcomes) menunjukkan analisis kualitas butir soal baik, terlihat dari tingkat kesukaran butir sedang (50%), daya beda baik (70%), distraktor berfungsi dengan baik (58%) dan reliabilitas butir termasuk tinggi (0,851). Latihan UN memberikan manfaat cukup baik dan tidak terdapat hambatan dalam penyelenggaraan latihan UN Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris.Kata kunci: tryout, model Stake’s (antecedents, transactions dan outcomes), Bahasa Inggris.  AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENGLISH NATIONAL EXAMINATION EXERCISE AT EX-RSBI PRIVATE SMA Abstract This study aims to (1) obtain the information of the input (antecedents) of English tryout (2) document the process (transactions) of the implementation, and (3) determine the results (outcomes) of the implementation of English tryout. Evaluation model that is used is the Stake’s model. The subjects in this research are (1) the Education Office of Yogyakarta; (2) the students of Ex RSBI Private SMA in Yogyakarta. The technique of selecting sampling was by stratified random sampling. The sources of the data at the Regency level is the Education Office of Yogyakarta, principals, and students. The results are (1) the input of the implementation is good if it is viewed from the dimensions of the preparation that include the orientation of question writing, committee, schedule and supervision; (2) process is good if it is viewed from the dimensions of the implementation that included security matter, objectivity of the implementation, and students’ perceptions; (3) results show that question items are good. It can be seen from the difficulty of each question that is in medium (50%), good different power (70%), the distractor is functioning properly (58%) and reliability in the high category (0.851). English tryout gives good benefits and there are no obstacles in the implementation of English tryout.Keywords: tryout, Stake’s model (antecedents, transactions and outcomes), English

scholarly journals Beban Kerja Perawat Dalam Pelaksanaan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit di Puskesmas Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Dewi Mustikaningsih ◽  
Rahmat Rahmat ◽  
Rina Frastika
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit (MTBS) digunakan sebagai Standar Pelayanan sekaligus sebagai pedoman pelayanan bagi tenaga kesehatan khususnya di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar. namun pelaksanaan MTBS belum di ketahui, ini dikarenakan adanya beberapa faktor, yaitu: faktor pengetahuan dari tenaga kesehatan bervariasi ada petugas yang mendapat pelatihan MTBS dan tidak mendapatkan pelatihan MTBS, beban kerja dari tenaga kesehatan karena jumlah pasien tidak menentu dan tidak seimbangnya jumlah pasien dengan tenaga kesehatan yang ada. Beban kerja adalah sejumlah kegiatan yang harus diselesaikan oleh suatu unit organisasi atau pemegang jabatan secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan utuk mengetahui gambaran beban kerja Perawat dalam pelaksanaan MTBS di Puskesmas Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan desain cross sectional. Tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan stratified random sampling dan simple random sampling. Tehnik Analisa Data menggunakan komputer, yaitu analisa univariat. Data diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner kepada 36 responden. Hal ini memberikan gambaran beban kerja berdasarkan target yang harus dicapai dikategorikan sedang (44,4%), kondisi pekerjaan dikategorikan tinggi (47,2%), penggunaan waktu kerja dikategorikan tinggi (75,0%), standar pekerjaan dikategorikan tinggi (38,9%). Dan hasil gambaran beban kerja Perawat dalam pelaksanaan MTBS di Puskesmas Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung dikategorikan beban kerja rendah (36,1%). Bagi puskesmas disarankan untuk mengevaluasi kembali beban kerja yang diberikan kepada karyawannya agar mereka tidak merasa terbebani dan memperhatikan suasana kerja di ruang kerja karyawannya agar lebih nyaman dalam bekerja, dan bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode lain dengan desain yang berbeda.Kata kunci: Beban Kerja, MTBS, Perawat, Puskesmas

scholarly journals A generalized exponential-type estimator for population mean using auxiliary attributes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0246947
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Arslan ◽  
Aamna Khan ◽  
Javid Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Type ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Finite Population ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
First Order ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Class Of Estimators

In this paper, we propose a generalized class of exponential type estimators for estimating the finite population mean using two auxiliary attributes under simple random sampling and stratified random sampling. The bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed class of estimators are derived up to first order of approximation. Both empirical study and theoretical comparisons are discussed. Four populations are used to support the theoretical findings. It is observed that the proposed class of estimators perform better as compared to all other considered estimator in simple and stratified random sampling.

A beginner's Guide to Sampling Methods in Medical Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Basti ◽  
Farzan Madadizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Main Components

Background: Sampling methods are one of the main components of each research. Familiarity with a variety of sampling methods is essential for researchers. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to teach different probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods to improve the knowledge of researchers in conducting more accurate research. Methods: In this tutorial article, useful information about each sampling method, as well as how to properly use each method and its strengths and weaknesses are provided. Results: Five cases of probabilistic sampling methods and four cases of non-probabilistic sampling methods that are common are mentioned. Probabilistic sampling included simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic random sampling, and multi-stage random sampling. In addition to introducing each method, its strengths and weaknesses are also mentioned. Conclusion: Probabilistic sampling methods despite limiting assumptions provide more reliable results. Therefore, if it is possible, researchers should use probabilistic sampling methods to increase the accuracy of the study.

Devising sampling methods for inventory of receptive seed cones of jack pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1704-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fleming ◽  
P. de Groot ◽  
A. Obarymskyj ◽  
T. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
The Cost

Open-grown jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario, ranging in age from 9–20 years, bore an average of 311 receptive seed cones, with the greatest number in the upper midcrown. Generally, counts of receptive seed cones varied more among trees than among directions; most of the variation among trees occurred in the mid to upper crown. The expression F(H) = Hb+1[b + 2 − (b + 1)H], with b = 3.12 (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.94), described the cumulative proportion of receptive seed cones occurring up to relative crown height, H. Significant directional differences in the parameter estimates for b showed that the open-grown jack pines initiated seed cones at slightly lower heights on the south side than on the other sides. For monitoring the crop, a procedure for randomly selecting receptive seed cones with respect to their vertical distribution in the crown was developed. The construction of simple, cost-effective sampling plans for estimating yields of receptive seed cones in jack pine seed orchards is explained. This involves determining the cost of conducting the sampling necessary to achieve a desired precision of estimation. It also involves determining the precision attainable with limited resources to conduct the sampling. With this focus, simple random sampling and two types of stratified random sampling were compared. Stratified random sampling based on relative crown height with equal stratum widths was cost-effective and should be relatively easy to implement operationally.

scholarly journals Implementasi core value di sheraton bali kuta resort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Ari Wijaya ◽  
Agung Sri Sulistyawati ◽  
I Nyoman Jamin Ariana
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Training ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
Core Value ◽  
People First

Abstrak Latar  belakang  penelitian  ini bermula pada nilai dalam perusahaan Marriott  yang  dilaksanakan semua karyawan sebagai pedoman dalam bekerja yakni core value Marriott. Core value Marriott ialah nilai inti perusahaan Marriott dalam menjalankan bisnisnya. Namun core value Marriott ini belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan oleh karyawan, bahkan karyawan ada yang belum hafal dengan core value Marriott. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui implementasi dan persepsi karyawan terhadap core value di Sheraton Bali Kuta Resort. Jenis data penelitian ini ialah data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sumber data ialah data primer dan sekunder.  Teknik  pengumpulan  data  yakni  observasi,  wawancara,  kuesioner,  dan  dokumentasi.  Teknik analisis  data  yaitu  deskriptif  kualitatif.  Teknik  penentuan  sampel  yakni  propotional  stratified  random sampling disertai dengan simple random sampling. Hasil implementasi core value ialah implementasi put people first terkait program take care, job opportunity, sarana dan prasarana kesejahteraan, dan asuransi bagi associate. Implementasi persue excellence terkait program pelatihan pengembangan karir dan skill, cross training, dan associate award. Implementasi embrance change terkait pelatihan dan sosialisasi perubahan jaman serta perkembangan teknologi. Implementasi act with integrity terkait see something, say something. Implementasi serve our world terkait kontribusi terhadap alam dan lingkungan masyarakat sekitar. Persepsi karyawan terhadap core value di Sheraton Bali Kuta Resort ialah core value put people first yaitu 3,42 berkategori setuju, core value persue excellence yakni 4,2 berkategori setuju, core value embrance change ialah 4,29 berkategori sangat setuju, core value act with integrity ialah 4,14 berkategori setuju, dan core value serve our world yaitu 4,03 berkategori setuju. Perolehan persepsi associate atau karyawan terkait core value keseluruhan yaitu 4,016 berkategori setuju. Saran pada penelitian ialah manajemen Sheraton Bali Kuta Resort senantiasa rutin sosialisasi terkait core value Marriott. Kata kunci : Nilai, Implementasi, Persepsi dan Core Value.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI TENTANG GLAUKOMA

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Theja ◽  
Vera Sumual ◽  
Yamin Tongku
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Keywords Glaucoma ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the knowledge about glaucoma of students of Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. This was a descriptive survey study by using questionnaire. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi from October 2015 until December 2015. There were 81 respondents. Respondents were obtained by stratified random sampling in each batch, and in each batch we used simple random sampling. The results showed that the knowledge categories of students about glaucoma were as follows: moderate category in 57 respondents (70.4%), good category in 2 respondents (2.4%), and poor category in 22 respondents (27.2%). Conclusion: In this study, most of the students of Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado had moderate category of knowledge about glaucoma. Keywords: glaucoma, student knowledge Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi tentang glaukoma. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan ialah survei deskriptif, dengan membagikan kuesioner pengetahuan kepada responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi sejak bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2015 dengan responden sebanyak 81 orang. Responden diperoleh berdasarkan teknik stratified random sampling pada masing-masing angkatan, kemudian untuk pengambilan sampel di tiap angkatan digunakan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kategori pengetahuan mahasiswa sebagai berikut: pengetahuan kategori sedang sebanyak 57 responden (70,4%), kategori baik sebanyak 2 responden (2,4%) dan kategori kurang sebanyak 22 responden (27,2%). Simpulan: Dalam penelitian ini, sebagian besar mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi mempunyai pengetahuan mengenai glaukoma dengan kategori sedang.Kata kunci: glaukoma, pengetahuan mahasiswa

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