A beginner's Guide to Sampling Methods in Medical Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Basti ◽  
Farzan Madadizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Main Components

Background: Sampling methods are one of the main components of each research. Familiarity with a variety of sampling methods is essential for researchers. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to teach different probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods to improve the knowledge of researchers in conducting more accurate research. Methods: In this tutorial article, useful information about each sampling method, as well as how to properly use each method and its strengths and weaknesses are provided. Results: Five cases of probabilistic sampling methods and four cases of non-probabilistic sampling methods that are common are mentioned. Probabilistic sampling included simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic random sampling, and multi-stage random sampling. In addition to introducing each method, its strengths and weaknesses are also mentioned. Conclusion: Probabilistic sampling methods despite limiting assumptions provide more reliable results. Therefore, if it is possible, researchers should use probabilistic sampling methods to increase the accuracy of the study.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Public Trust dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Muhamad Thahir Haning ◽  
Hasniati ◽  
Mashuri H. Tahili
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Multistage Cluster Sampling

<p>Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menginterpretasi pengaruh model kepercayaan publik terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan metode survey di tiga area Kantor Pelayanan Pajak yaitu Makassar Selatan, Maros, dan Palopo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak  yang telah teregistrasi sebagai wajib pajak, baik pajak orang pribadi dan pajak badan sebanyak 2400 orang. Sampel penelitian menggunakan multistage cluster sampling methods untuk memastikan keterwakilan populasi. Penarikan sampel menggunakan metode stratified random sampling terhadap tiga area penelitian. Rumus Slovin digunakan untuk menetapkan jumlah sampel  sebesar 20% dengan pertimbangan karena populasi yang relatif besar dimana persentase kelonggaran ketelitian kesalahan pengambilan sampel yang masih  bisa ditolerir sebesar α=0,05. Dengan dasar tersebut, maka sampel dalam penelitian ditetapkan sebanyak 400 responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan persamaan model struktural. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan publik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib  pajak. Kepercayaan publik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak melalui kinerja pelayanan pajak. Variabel kinerja pelayanan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Faktor pemerintah, faktor resiko, dan faktor kontekstual berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan publik dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. </p><p><strong>Kata kunci : Kepercayaan publik, kinerja pelayanan pajak, kepatuhan wajib pajak</strong></p>

Analyses of Data from Complex Survey Sampling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miksza ◽  
Kenneth Elpus
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Complex Survey Data ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Proper Analysis

This chapter introduces the specialized techniques necessary for analyzing data that have been gathered in a complex or multistage survey sample. The chapter details the methods most commonly used to collect complex survey data and then explains the specific statistical tools that must be employed to correctly analyze complex survey data. First, an overview of the various types of sampling methods is presented, beginning with simple random sampling and moving through other methods to finally discuss the commonly employed research techniques of cluster sampling. The chapter continues with a discussion of survey weights—what they mean and how they are derived. The chapter concludes with software-based suggestions on the proper analysis of survey data.

scholarly journals SAMPLING METHODS AND NUMBER OF ROUNDWOODS FOR DETERMINING THE MOISTURE CONTENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Barros Donato ◽  
Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho ◽  
Benedito Rocha Vital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Allowable Error

ABSTRACT This study had the objective of comparing two methodologies of sampling, Simple Random Sampling (ACS) and Stratified Random Sampling (ACE) to determine the optimum number of roundwood samples to obtain the moisture content of the population. In order to achieve this goal, different percentages of allowable error (5,10,15 and 20%) were considered for each sampling methodology. In the conduction of this study, the samples were randomly taken from a lot of 250 steres of wood, 144 roundwood of three meters of length and distributed in four classes of diameter. Later, the moisture content of these samples was determined. And, from these values, the population estimates (average, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, and standard error) by ACS and ACE methods, helped to determine the optimum number of roundwood (n) to be sampled from different percentages of allowable error adopted in this study at 95% probability. According to the results, the amount of roundwood to be sampled from ACS for each allowable error 5, 10, 15 and 20% was respectively 214, 55, 25 and 14. For the ACE (proportional allocation) the amount of roundwood was 141, 35, 16 and 9 for ACE (optimal allocation) this number was 136, 34, 15 and 8. It was concluded that the most indicated sampling method for this study, considering the allowable error, was the ACE method.

Devising sampling methods for inventory of receptive seed cones of jack pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1704-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fleming ◽  
P. de Groot ◽  
A. Obarymskyj ◽  
T. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
The Cost

Open-grown jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario, ranging in age from 9–20 years, bore an average of 311 receptive seed cones, with the greatest number in the upper midcrown. Generally, counts of receptive seed cones varied more among trees than among directions; most of the variation among trees occurred in the mid to upper crown. The expression F(H) = Hb+1[b + 2 − (b + 1)H], with b = 3.12 (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.94), described the cumulative proportion of receptive seed cones occurring up to relative crown height, H. Significant directional differences in the parameter estimates for b showed that the open-grown jack pines initiated seed cones at slightly lower heights on the south side than on the other sides. For monitoring the crop, a procedure for randomly selecting receptive seed cones with respect to their vertical distribution in the crown was developed. The construction of simple, cost-effective sampling plans for estimating yields of receptive seed cones in jack pine seed orchards is explained. This involves determining the cost of conducting the sampling necessary to achieve a desired precision of estimation. It also involves determining the precision attainable with limited resources to conduct the sampling. With this focus, simple random sampling and two types of stratified random sampling were compared. Stratified random sampling based on relative crown height with equal stratum widths was cost-effective and should be relatively easy to implement operationally.

scholarly journals  Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling and traditional sampling for coastal mangrove in Hainan of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lei ◽  
J. Shi ◽  
T. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Density Estimator ◽  
Adaptive Cluster Sampling ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Initial Sampling

Based on two species of Coastal Mangrove in Hainan of China, Sonneratia Apetala Buch-Ham and Sonneratia caseoli, we estimated the density of the two species to evaluate the efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling (ACS), simple random sampling (SRS) and traditional systematic sampling (SYS). Our initial experimental designs for ACS consisted of 5 unit areas, 6 initial sampling proportions, 4 initial sample sizes and 5 criterion values in 1,000&nbsp;repetitions. From the aspect of factors influencing efficiency, we analysed the efficiency of ACS in various designs. We also compared the efficiencies of the three methods on the indexes of the relative error, the variance of density estimator and the relative sampling efficiencies. We found that ACS yielded smaller variance than the traditional sampling methods. ACS was a powerful sampling method when a population was spatially aggregated. We also determined the optimum unit area for the two species studied using the two estimators (HT and HH) of adaptive cluster sampling. They were 20&nbsp;m<sup>2 </sup>(2 &times; 10 m), 15 m<sup>2 </sup>(3 &times; 5 m) for S. Apetala Buch-Ham and 25 m<sup>2 </sup>(5 &times; 5 m), 15 m<sup>2 </sup>(3 &times; 5 m) for S. caseolari, respectively.

scholarly journals Training Set Construction for Genomic Prediction in Auto-Tetraploids: An Example in Potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wilson ◽  
Marcos Malosetti ◽  
Chris Maliepaard ◽  
Han A. Mulder ◽  
Richard G. F. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Training Set ◽  
The Impact

Training set construction is an important prerequisite to Genomic Prediction (GP), and while this has been studied in diploids, polyploids have not received the same attention. Polyploidy is a common feature in many crop plants, like for example banana and blueberry, but also potato which is the third most important crop in the world in terms of food consumption, after rice and wheat. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different training set construction methods using a publicly available diversity panel of tetraploid potatoes. Four methods of training set construction were compared: simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, genetic distance sampling and sampling based on the coefficient of determination (CDmean). For stratified random sampling, population structure analyses were carried out in order to define sub-populations, but since sub-populations accounted for only 16.6% of genetic variation, there were negligible differences between stratified and simple random sampling. For genetic distance sampling, four genetic distance measures were compared and though they performed similarly, Euclidean distance was the most consistent. In the majority of cases the CDmean method was the best sampling method, and compared to simple random sampling gave improvements of 4–14% in cross-validation scenarios, and 2–8% in scenarios with an independent test set, while genetic distance sampling gave improvements of 5.5–10.5% and 0.4–4.5%. No interaction was found between sampling method and the statistical model for the traits analyzed.

scholarly journals Domestic injuries among geriatric population: a study in a rural community of Bankura district

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5100
Author(s):  
Arindam De ◽  
Indu Padmey ◽  
Debakar Halder ◽  
Eashin Gazi ◽  
Aditya Prasad Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Domestic injury is an injury, which takes place in the home or in its immediate surroundings and more generally, all injury not connected with traffic, vehicles or sport. It is a worldwide public health problem. Geriatric population is more vulnerable to domestic injury. Objectives of this study are to estimate the incidence and to identify the correlates, if any, of domestic injuries among geriatric population and to study the consequences of domestic injuries among study subjects.Methods: Community-based descriptive study with longitudinal design. Multistage random sampling was adopted in the study. One block was selected by simple random sampling method then cluster sampling method (30/7) was used considering village as cluster. Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in study subjects. Data was collected with the help of pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured schedule by paying house-to-house visits and review of records.Results: The subjects under study comprised of 210 elderly individuals, out of which 27 faced domestic injuries and three study subjects faced injury twice in study period. So, total number of injured was 30. Incidence rate was calculated to be 142.85 injuries per thousand persons per year. Fall was most common type of domestic injury. According to the consequence of injury, impairment was found in 13 cases out of them two injured cases were suffered from permanent disability.Conclusions: Incidence was estimated to be higher than what was found in other studies. Fall was the most common type of domestic injury. Marital status, use of central nervous system depressant drugs and co-morbidities were found to have positive association with injury. 

scholarly journals Risiko Ergonomi Ketidaksesuaian Desain dan Ukuran Tempat Duduk Sepeda Motor terhadap Antropometri pada Mahasiswa

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkifli Djunaidi ◽  
Rahmadani Arnur
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
National Development ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Mass Transportation ◽  
Random Cluster ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Transportasi merupakan hal yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam menunjang pembangunan nasional. Belum baiknya sistem transportasi massal di Indonesia, membuat masyarakat lebih memilih menggunakan kendaraan pribadi, seperti sepeda motor yang praktis dan ekonomis untuk digunakan. Namun, dalam menggunakan sepeda motor, aspek ergonomi dan kenyamanan bagi pengendara perlu untuk diperhatikan. Desain dan ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor yang tidak sesuai dengan antropometri duduk statis pengendara dapat menimbulkan kelelahan pada pengendara dan mengakibatkan terjadinya kecelakaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui risiko ergonomi dari ketidaksesuaian antara desain dan ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor dengan antropometri duduk statis. Untuk menganalisis risiko ergonomi, dilakukan penelitian dengan desain deskriptif analitik pada mahasiswa di sekitar lingkungan kampus Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2009. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang responden, dibagi menjadi 50 orang laki-laki dan 50 orang perempuan. Sampel responden dipilih dengan metode cluster random sampling, sedangkan tipe sepeda motor dipilih berdasarkan yang paling banyak digunakan dengan metode simple stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor dengan antropometri duduk statis pada mahasiswa. Adanya ketidaksesuaian tersebut dapat mengakibatkan risiko ergonomi pada pengendara dan terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas.  Ergonomic Risks of Incompatibility of Design and Size of Motorcycle Seat againts Anthropometry among College StudentsTransportation is something needed most to support national development. Bad mass transportation system in Indonesia, makes people prefer to use private vehicles, such as motorcycle which is practical and economical to use. However, riders need to consider ergonomic and comfortability aspects in using motorcycle. The design and size of motorcycle seat in compatible with the rider’s static seat anthropometry may cause fatigue among riders and lead to accidents. The study aimed to find out ergonomic risks of incompatibility between the design and size of the motorcycle seat with static sitting anthropometry. To analyze the ergonomic risks, this study was conducted using analitical descriptive design among college students at Public Health Faculty Universitas Indonesia on October to December 2009. The total sample was 100 respondents, divided into 50 men and 50 women. The sample of respondents was selected using random cluster sampling method, meanwhile the type of motorcycle was selected based on the most widely used with simple stratified random sampling method. The results showed any incompatibility between the size of motorcycle seat with static sitting anthropometry among collage students. Such incompatibility may cause ergonomic risks among rider and lead to traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Rice Marketable Surplus, Marketed Supply And Its Determinant Factors In Mukomuko District

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hari Mustamam ◽  
Ketut Sukiyono ◽  
Nusril Nusril
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Marketable Surplus ◽  
Planting Season

This research aims to estimate the marketable surplus and marketed supply of rice in Mukomuko Regency.  This research is also aimed at identifying determinant factors of marketed supply and predicting rice availability in Mukomuko Regency. Data collected were primary and secondary data. The research location is determined using a cluster sampling method with 130 respondent selected using Stratified random sampling. The data analysis was used quantitative descriptive and regression analysis estimated. The result shows that percent marketable surplus and marketed supply of rice is 83.43% and 85.27 per ha per planting season respectively. The factors influencing the marketed supply of rice is Rice production and price. The rice availability from 2017 to 2020 is projected to increase by 44.56%.  Consumption is projected to increase by 20.407 Kg in 2020. For the next 5 years, i.e.,2018-2022, rice availability and surplus positively increase.

scholarly journals EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHA TANI BAWANG PUTIH POLA TUMPANG SARI DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Fattiyah Rahmawati ◽  
NFN Jamhari
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Multistage Cluster Sampling ◽  
Intercropping Pattern

<strong>English</strong><br />Consumption of garlic in Indonesia continues to increase. An effort for increasing production to meet the increasing need is by increasing efficiency. This study was aimed to determine the factors that influence production, the level of technical efficiency, and the factors that affect technical inefficiency in the intercropping garlic farming in Karanganyar Regency. The study was conducted in April 2018. Regional sampling was done using multistage cluster sampling method. Sampling of farmers was done by simple random sampling method, with a total of 60 farmers. Analysis of factors that influence production using the OLS method, technical efficiency using Stochastic Frontier analysis with the MLE method. Results showed that the production of garlic with intercropping pattern in Karanganyar Regency was influenced by the land, the quantity of seeds and liquid pesticides. Garlic farming with intercropping pattern in Karanganyar Regency was not technically efficient. Factors that reduce technical inefficiency were age, farmer experience, and training. Production of garlic in Karanganyar Regency can be increased by increasing land area, increasing the quantity of seeds, and reduce the quantity of liquid pesticides. Technical efficiency can be improved through providing training for farmers.<br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konsumsi bawang putih di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi guna memenuhi peningkatan kebutuhan tersebut adalah dengan cara meningkatkan efisiensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi, tingkat efisiensi teknis, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi inefisiensi teknis pada usaha tani bawang putih pola tumpang sari di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2018. Pengambilan sampel daerah dilakukan dengan metode multistage cluster sampling. Pengambilan sampel petani dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling, dengan jumlah 60 petani. Analisis faktor yang memengaruhi produksi menggunakan metode OLS, efisiensi teknis menggunakan analisis stochastic frontier dengan metode MLE. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa produksi bawang putih pola tumpang sari di Kabupaten Karanganyar dipengaruhi oleh luas lahan, jumlah benih, dan pestisida cair. Usaha tani bawang putih pola tumpang sari di Kabupaten Karanganyar belum efisien secara teknis. Faktor yang menurunkan inefisiensi teknis adalah umur, pengalaman petani, dan pelatihan. Peningkatan produksi bawang putih di Kabupaten Karanganyar dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan luas lahan, peningkatan penggunaan jumlah benih, dan mengurangi penggunaan pestisida cair. Efisiensi teknis dapat ditingkatkan melalui pemberian pelatihan bagi petani.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document